In which country for the first time anime appeared. Appearance of anime

In our country, Anime is a prerequisite for the occurrence of subculture, in Japan - a special segment of the economy, which brings good income to the state treasury. Disputes about when the very first anime arose, do not stop today. Previously, there were no studios to create a film, and everyone performed amateurs, so many information was lost.

100th anniversary anime

According to unofficial data in 2007, exactly 100 years from the day, when the very first anime was created. A few years earlier, namely in 2005, the tape of Celluloid was found, on which frames were drawn. It is considered to be the oldest animation work, the creation of which dates back to 1907.

The tape consisted of 50 frames. They were depicted Oyash (ordinary Japanese schoolboy), which wrote on the Kanji chalkboard: 活動写真 (Katsudo Sasin), which means "active photos". After he turns around to the viewer and bow, removing the hat that was part of the then school form. Who was the author of this animation, it is unknown, as was the continuation of this story or not.

First anime

It is officially assumed that the very first anime in the world dates back to 1917. The director of this animation was Simokawa Deckoten, and the tape was called Suketchi No Nyūarubamu ("New Album of Outline"). A year later, in 1918, his animation "Momotaro" comes out. The animation film "Battle of Monkey and Crab" (Sarutokani Notatakai) of China Sarutokani Notatakai appears. These two directors are considered by the Rodonarchists of the Japanese Animation genre.

The first lasted no more than 5-6 minutes. They showed simple scenes from Japanese life, fairy tales or mythology. Ribbons were created by single multipliers that worked in their homes. The artists took into account the experience of multipliers from Europe and states and over time they received the genre that can be seen today.

To date, the very first anime of the beginning of the twentieth century was irretrievably lost. Only some information remained that these works were demonstrated in public and in cinemas, while collecting money. The very first animators worked at home, their work was simple and understandable. Perhaps that is why they quickly won the location of the public.

First studios

The very first anime was created by single enthusiasts, and multipliers covered their expenses by selling rights to show in cinemas. When the Anime began to speak about an independent genre, Takamas Eiga and Asagi Kinema, which began to actively engage in the development of this industry. The first studios, the work of which was based on the creation and release of animated tapes, appeared in 1932 on the initiative of Masaoca Candmark. The first studio was named after its creator - "Masaoka Film Production". In 1933, this studio issues its first work entitled "The Power and Women of the World".

Formation of the genre

In 1958, animation films were an independent direction of Japanese animation. And at the end of the twentieth century they were officially recognized as a kind of art. At this time, such tapes were shown to the wide audience as:

"Legend of White Winter", the author of which was Tyji Yabusit. The film was released in 1958 with the support of the Animation Studio "TEEI", the total duration of the tape was 1 hour 19 minutes.
The "Studio Calendar" was recognized as the first documentary anime series. His release continued from 1961 to 1962. The director of the ribbon is the founder of the Studio "Sogs", Ryuti Okyama.

The beginning of anime-boom in Japan dates back to 1963, when the Outcomes of Tedzuki, known as the "Genius of Manga," founded his own studio "Mushi Prodakshn" and presented the first series called "Mighty Atom", or "Astro Boy".

The very first love

Anime in the 70s of the last century began to develop with an unprecedented speed. Everything changed - from the rice to the genre. In the features of images, more attention was paid to the eyes of the characters - they were increasingly expressive. If in the 60s the images tried to do natural, similar to a living person, then a decade later, the multipliers improved the rice of the eyes. This allowed more accessible to reveal the amplitude of the feelings and experiences of the main characters.

Genre Rastaska did not go without attention. Works were intended not only for children, but also for adults. In the first anime series, the topics of the daily lives of studios workers were addressed. For children, the animation was not particularly interesting, but among adolescents and parts of the adult population, she found its admirers. Even among the elderly, Anime became the second first love.

Over time, in some studios, groups of authors who worked in a certain genre began to form. For example, after the release of "Clean Romance" studio "Dean Studio" Most of its creators were seen in the development of Anime "The Best First Love in the World". After the release of the two seasons of this series, the full-length film and ovashki, some creators began to work only with the projects of the "Sonen-ah" genre. This is explained by the long-term work on the anime "The Best First Love" or personal preferences is unknown.

Outcome

When the very first anime was created in history, it remains a mystery. Someone believes that it was 1907, someone is confident that this happened in 1917. But no one excludes that the very first anime in the world could arise for several years or decades earlier. To date, the anime confidently spreads the world. You can find the films of any genre, praying and age limit. For more than 100 years of existence, the anime changed noticeably the rice changed, but in general it remained as before, as simple and understandable to everyone.

The first full-length films of Studios "Tii Dog" technically reminded the full-length films of Walt Disney studio - the production of each occupied about a year, these were large-scale filmms of folk (only Japanese and Chinese, not European) fairy tales with a large number of animal characters. Some of them even got into American rental, but they failed there, and for two decades almost disappeared from the US screens.

Nevertheless, from the very beginning it was clear that he was moving japanese animation By other ways. Completely different cultural traditions and graphs, and the plot. Unlike American animation, in anime The tradition of the musical was not felt, the films were significantly more serious, and the plots are dramatic.

Floal manga

Unlike animeThat up to the mid-1950s was in some "Pad", during these years they developed quite violently. She did not require significant investments, and the already established reader traditions allowed the manga to take care of competition with foreign products. Censorship was weakened, new magazines began to emerge, actively printed manga.

Among the mangac, who gained fame during this period, it is especially worth noting the two now the deceased authors. First, it is Matico KhasahavaStarting in 1947 to print in the newspaper "Asahi" one of the most popular comics in the history of Japan is "Mrs. Sadzae" ("Sadzae-san", 1947-1974). He told the story of a simple Japanese girl Sadzae and her family, with humor trying to first survive heavy occupation times, and then find their place in life during the lifting period of the country's economy. Optimism of this work fell on the heart of the Japanese, and so far this manga is among the most published books in Japan.

The second, more well-known and significant author is already mentioned Sigeru Tedzukawho took still a pseudonym "OSEM" as a child. After graduating from school, Young Tedzuk, already then a good artist, dreamed of becoming an animator. But in his native Osaka there was no such opportunity, and he decided to go easier way - to become a manga.

Osaka was experiencing at that moment the boom of cheap black and white comics. They were published on a rough paper of low quality, it was impossible cheaply cheaply, publishers practically did not pay anything to artists, but they allowed them any experiments.

Without missing his chance, twenty-year-old Tedzuk, in those days - a student of the medical faculty (which he, by the way, successfully finished successfully), produces manga in 1947 "New Treasure Island" ("Sin Takaradzim").

In many ways it was a revolution in the world of Japanese comics. Creating it, Tezuka actively applied accommodation not used in manga "Kinotechnology" - show action from different points of view, large plans, "stretching" of one scene into several drawings, active use of sound effects and an underlined image of the phases of motion. Actually, manga Tedzuki was an animated film layoutBeing a completely solid and interesting work.

Success exceeded all expectations. Several hundred thousand copies were sold. Tezuke immediately proposed the work of several well-known Tokyo children's magazines. In the journal "Manga Sonan" he began publishing a manga "Emperor Jungle" ("Dzhangl Tietai", 1950-1954), and in the journal "Sonan" - manga "Ambassador Atom" ("Atom Tairy"), soon renamed in "Mighty atom" ("TantsUndom", 1952-1968). We will tell you more about them below when we talk about their adaptation.

The phenomenon of Tedzuki into the world of manga made a revolution. A new style is a combination of a complex, serious plot, graphics in the animation style and the lack of need to follow the established stamps attracted many young talented authors who have rushed to develop the Niva discovered.

Finally, it was shared as a completely independent type of literature, divided into many genres and subway. The main section, as mentioned, passed through the line "Manga for guys" / "Manga for girls" (Sonen-Manga / Södzo Manga).

Tedzuk also became a villager of Syudzo-Manga, posing in the girl's magazine "Syudzo Klab" Manga "Knight with a ribbon" ("Ribbon But Kisi", 1953-1956, 1958, 1963-1966) On the adventures of the girl, changing the knight to make a variety of feats. Like all the works of Tedzuki of this period, she produced a Furior, this time - among the women's audience, and soon many artists began to create a "special" manga for girls.

It should be noted that the "sex" division of manga has always been emphasized and the sexuality of the creators. Cases when the author creates a manga "Alien" Paul (the most famous example - Rumiko Takahasi, Writing Sonen-Manga), does not refute so much as it confirms the rule, because in such a manga, the peculiarities of the author of the author appear in such a manga.

Conclusion

We approached an exciting point - the emergence of the world of modern Japanese animation. Hence the story about the manga will be extremely reflected, and our focus will be directed to the history of Anime.

This is due to the fact that the most material is manga, published from the beginning of the 1960s to the present day, requires only the development and understanding of many years of hard labor. On the other hand, the absolute majority of this manga is only theoretical interest for non-phant readers, since it is not available and never will be available in foreseeable time in translations. As far as we know, such work (a complete statement of the history of modern manga) has not yet been established in Japan or in other countries.

Growing popularity, on the other hand, caused the occurrence of such a phenomenon as anime, directed exclusively to the audience's audience. After the incredible success of the "Evangelion" of the 90s, many studios tried themselves in creating serials that can become for fans of Japanese animation "classics". Another direction of development, which was actively used lately - Fersvis. Erotic content of erotic content is embedded in the video sequence of such anime, or even devoted to the whole series of erotic, while maintaining a plot. Examples of anime with a pronounced fanstrovis of this kind can serve "hot summer" (2003) and "Hand Maid May" (2003). Sometimes anime is based on popular Japanese erotic video games in the genre "", however, such adaptations can be quite serious works, such as "" (2002).

Another version of Fersvis is a mention in the TV series of Culture Otaku, in some cases - a demonstration of their "unusualness" and "detachment from the rest of the world." Invented in the 1980s with Otaku No Video, the "Gainax" studio in recent years has been replenished with several decent work, sometimes exploring the Otaku on a very serious level. For example, GENSHIKEN (2004) is entirely devoted to the subculture of fans of Japanese entertainment products.

Another unusual phenomenon of recent years was the Japanese animator Macoto Sinkai, who created his first short-acting anime films "She and Her Cat" (1999, 5 min.) And "" (2002, 30 min.) Alone or with his friend. Having, thus, the attention of the public and financing, in 2004 he issued a full-length two-hour film "" ("Beyond The Clouds, The Promised Place").

Anime, perhaps, is the most popular view of the animation in the world. The number of annually available cartoons, which can be attributed to anime, comparable to the total number of films overlooking the entire world. This success is unrestrained - unlike the most of the cartoon products, the anime is designed not so much on the children's audience as the teenage and adult.

Anime history takes the beginning in the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers begin the first experiments with animation techniques invented in the West. The founder of the traditions of modern anime was Osamu Tedzuk, often called the "Anime and Manga's God" - he laid the foundations that later evolved into modern anime series. For example, Tedzuka borrowed from Disney and developed a manner of using large eye characters to transmit emotions; It was under his leadership that the first works arose, which can be attributed to early anime.

For almost a century, anime history has passed a long way of development from the first experiments in the animation to the currently popular popularity worldwide. Over the years, the plots of anime, it became more complicated, the problems discussed are all serious. As a result, the 1990s and the 2000s became the time of widespread recognition of anime outside of Japan. Akira and published in 1995 "Ghost in Armor 1", first united traditional animation and computer graphics, received fame worldwide. In 1997, a full-length Anime-film "Princess Mononok" collected 160 million US dollars in Japan.

The number of both anime fans and spectators looking at the occasion of the case towards the case were repeatedly increased. At the same time, the technologies for creating and drawing anime continued to be improved in Japan: the studio moved to computer graphics, actively applying three-dimensional animation. From the children's animation films of the beginning of the XX century, the Japanese animation turned into a culture, creating a variety of, serious and funny, emotional and naive, intended for adolescents, children and adults.

Facts anime:

In Japan, there was no socialist revolution. Instead of it in 1917, they began to create animated films.
The word "manga" came up with the famous artist Katsusik Hokusai in 1814 for the series of their engravings. It means "Groteski", "strange (or funny) pictures", so the term "manga" refers exclusively to Japanese comics.
"Anime" - Japanese animation. The word "anime" itself is nothing but a Japanese reduction from English Animation, and the term itself appeared relatively recently. Prior to that, the expression "Manga Aiga" was used ("Movie-Comic") which still use lovers of anime of the older generation.
As you know, in Japan read right left. Manga on the right left is read all over the world.
Use big eyes of characters for the transfer of emotions invented not at all in Japan. Osama Tedzuk, a person who is considered the founder of the traditions of Anime, did not deny the fact that he borrowed this technique at Walt Disney.
The longest anime series "Sadzae-San" Start Going out in 1969 based on Matiko Hacegava Manga and his show is not finished so far. Already several generations of the Japanese rose, watching the adventures of Sadzae and her family.
It is believed that the first anime, which saw the audience of the USSR was the "flying ship Ghost" and "Cat in Boots."
The most famous and tutual director Anime - Hayao Miyazaki. He is also the only director Anime, who was awarded the Oscar award. On the 62th Festival in Venice, he received the "Golden Lion" for his contribution to the world cinema.
The director received an Oscar for the best short animation film this year from Japan. His name is Kunio Kato. He removed an excellent cartoon, but it is not anime.
Anime's international connoisseurs respect Russian television for the fact that the series "Sailor Moon" was demonstrated with the only censorship editing: at the time of homosexual recognition in love for the phrase "I love you", the translator added chawred "... How father". However, most likely showing Japanese (without censorship) version, not American (censorship) was still due to the features of rolled products, but not an exacerbated sense of aesthetic justice of television functionaries.

Years became the time of wide recognition of anime outside of Japan. "Akira" and Ghost In The Shell, who first combined the traditional animation and computer graphics for the first time, received fame worldwide. In 1997, a full-length Anime-film "Princess Mononok" collected 160 million US dollars in Japan.

Sources

The works of the first quarter of the XX century were mainly created by enthusiasts, which were inspired by the creations of their foreign colleagues. Movies were short - from one to five minutes - animated tapes without sound support. Sometimes the plots and heroes of such anime were borrowed from Western culture, but more often it was an adaptation of ancient Japanese fairy tales. By the end of the specified period, the duration of individual cartoons could reach 15 minutes.

For various reasons, most of the works of these years have now been lost. It is known, however, that some of them were demonstrated in the public, and even gathered money in cinemas. In the era of a silent movie, such animators like Oen Symokawa, Junjiti Kochi, Saytaro Chinese, Sanae Yamamoto (whose cartoon "Mountain, where old people threw," may be the oldest famous named Anime), Yasudzi Murat and the Master Animation of Shadows, Nobor Onceji. Most of them worked at home, although they were supported by the owners of cinemas, buying right to show their creations.

The second generation of Japanese animators appeared in the pre-war period. By this time, the Japanese folklore in anime gave way to new plots, often humorous, in Western style. Animation has won the attention of the general public and the interest of the state. In these years, the first laws restricting the audience of works were adopted - some anime were recognized as suitable for demonstration only to persons over 15 years old. On the other hand, films containing elements of learning were generally supported and approved by the Ministry of Education of Japan. Hundreds of thousands of yen were spent on sponsoring such works.

Anime also reflected the overall political and social situation in Japan. One of the first swallows of the upcoming militarism became the 11-minute cartoon of Mituo SEO "Private Second Class Norakuro", the screening of a short newspaper comic about the uncomfortable PSE, which fell by ordinary in the army of animals. After the invasion of Japan, the first censorship laws were adopted in China, which significantly simplified control over the products produced. There was a large number of propaganda anime taken on the orders of the military. On the eve of the override World War II, the style in Anime began to change. Anime should not have reminded Western cartoons. In -M year, the Japanese government decided to finance the creation of the first Japanese full-length cartoon, and filed the same Mituo SEO to assemble the animators team for this purpose. Drawn by the 74-minute film "Holy Maritime Warriors Momotaro" was a youthful ribbon about the team of strong fearless beasts (probably symbolizing Japanese soldiers), who freed Indonesia and Malaysia from the devilish horned aliens, who may mean the Allied troops, who came out in April-thro year.

TOEI ANIMATION AND MUSHI PRODUCTION

After the end of the war, the economy of Japan was in decline. Despite the fact that censorship and state participation in the creation of animation were practically reduced to zero, many noticeable works did not appear almost ten years. An essential obstacle to the development of animation was also the fact that with the increase in the duration and complexity of works it became impossible to work on them alone or with a small number of assistants. The "home-grown" studios could no longer serve the requests of the public, and large companies did not arise due to the risks of the enterprise and the heavy economic situation in the country.

The situation has changed with the appearance in 1956 TOEI Animation, who soon released its first full-length color anime film "Hakujaden" ("Hakujaden",). The emergence of TOEI marked the beginning of a new period in the development of anime - the period of professional creativity. The first full-length studio films very closely followed the canons of Disney works, using musical and song inserts, as well as on a par with people by cycling animals. Such stylization partly persisted in the works of Toei Animation until the 1970s. The company exists and still, remaining the oldest famous Japanese animation studio.

From the very moment of its occurrence, Toei, from the very moment of its occurrence, allowed the animator to experiment quite freely with works. A good example of this is the film Isao Takakhati "Hols: Prince of the Sun" (), experimental, in some way even a provocative tape. "Hols" is often referred to as the progenitor of the author's or experimental anime, to which at different periods of development subsequently attributed many well-known directors, even Hayao Miyazaki and Mamor Osi. At the time of his appearance, the film was unusual and because one of the first was departed from Disney canons towards his own innovation. Despite some editing and about 30 minutes of cut scenes, "Hols: Prince of The Sun" was released to TOEI and gathered a medium-sized cash desk in cinemas.

A significant contribution to the early TOEI in modern anime was the use of "key scenes". A widely used method of reducing the cost of animation costs is that individual, significant frames in the visual sense are drawn with much greater detail than the total video stream. Yasuo Otsuka, Animator from TOEI, the first began to use this technique, creating it in the process of experiments to simplify work on animation.

1970-E.

During the next decade, television slowly, but correctly displaced cinemas from the standpoint of the most popular entertainment. Toei Animation gradually left the creation of stylized musical disney, and switched to the production of television serials. Animators who worked at Mushi Production were separated by newly created studios like Madhouse or Sunrise after Mushi suddenly went bankrupt. Such a redistribution of talents as a whole has affected the anime industry, since it allowed young animators to take key positions in studios and subsequently to experiment freely with the films produced.

An example of this may be the television series of the year "Heidi" Isao Takahaty. Being quite a realistic drama designed for children, the series at first was rejected by many televisions - the producers believed that children would be interested in something more fantastic, with elements of a fairy tale. "Heidi", however, turned out to be incredibly popular not only in Japan, but also abroad - in many European countries. The unexpected success of the series gave Miyazaki and takhahat the opportunity to make the creation of the Literary Anime "World Masterpiece Theater" ("Theater of World Classics"). The series successfully existed until the mid-1990s, although Takahat and Miyazaki left the project in a few years.

At the same years, another particular genre, fur appeared for anime. Early work attributed to it includes Mazinger Z (-), "Science Ninja Team Gatchman" (-), "Space Battleship Yamato" (-) and "Mobile Suit Gundam" (-). The cultivation of science fiction in Anime led to the displacement of the acts of the series from the prehension of superheroes to more realistic and worked out space operas, where the concepts of good and evil were no longer so pictured. Characters' characters were worked out more deeply, which made it possible to consider the same problems from different points of view.

Golden Age Anime

An increase in interest in space sague has become even more noticeable at the end of the 1970s of the first film from the Star Wars series. The success and popularity of this tape was advised by Japanese producers to finance the full-length film based on the previously new series "Space Battleship Yamato". With the advent of it on the screens, the beginning of the superpopulation period, the so-called "golden anime" - although in fact instead of the century he lasted only less than fifteen years.

By the time the "Space Battleship Yamato" screens had already happened another incredibly important event for the subsequent development of Japanese animation - the birth of the subculture of the Otaku. At first, a few, fans of rare space series of those times and science fiction were united, finding each other by joint hobbies and through the first on anime, magazines such as "Animage" or later "NewType". The emergence of such magazines has become a response to the increasing popularity of Anime in all layers of the population.

The first fans of Anime also appeared in other countries. Some popular anime were imported into the United States and are shown on television. We raise the practice of that time was the processing of the series before showing: so, "Gatchaman" after the first processing turned into "Battle of the Planets" (), the second one made "G-Force" (). The sign "Space Battleship Yamato" came out in America in both Star Blazers. The most famous victim of the director's knife is the series "Robotech" "(" Robotek ",), created from three different anime -" The Super Dimension Fortress Macross "," Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross "and" Genesis Climber Mospeada ". On these corrected and supplemented versions of Japanese TV series and grew the first generation of American Otaku.

An important event was also the appearance of Manga Takahashi "Urusei Yatsura", which was directed by Mamor Osi. Beginning from simple Dodzins, thanks to Urusei Yatsura, Takahashi became known and incredibly popular among the anime fans. The subsequent works, especially Ranma 1/2, only approved it as one of the key figures in the world of manga and Japanese animation. As for Osi, for some time he moved away from the creation of long popular TV series, and preferred to create in a personal style, not paying attention to the opinion of fans. This allowed him to create quite original experimental works in the future.

Over time, the subculture of the Otaku began to have a noticeable effect on the creation of anime. Some of the first otaku themselves became directors and animators, which could not but affect product produced. The most vivid example of such an influence is Daicon Films, subsequently who became the famous Gainax studio. The founders of Gainax began their creative career with creating short anime films to participate in the Daicon Scifi competition. Extremely popularity of these short protrusions gave a newly created studio opportunity to find funds for the creation of the most expensive anime film of those years, "Wings of Honneamise" ().

During the same years, one of the most famous, classical anime films was filmed - "Wrong from the Valley of the Winds" (). On the wave of his success and many other non-standard and ambitious ribbons were also issued, some of which and today do not lose in importance. The director "Wrensika", Hayao Miyazaki and his partner Isao Takahata got the opportunity to establish his own studio under the patronage of the former editor of Animage Tosio Suzuki, calling her Studio Ghibli. The first film in the future of the famous company became "Castle in The Sky" () of the same Miyazaki.

Evolved and ways to spread anime. In addition to the traditional display of TV series on television, a separate area of \u200b\u200bsales appeared, called OVA (English. Original Video Animation, "Animation directly for sale on video"). As the name follows, the OVA works were not shown on television, but immediately sold on video tags. The first famous such creation is considered "Moon Base Dallos" (-) created under the leadership of Mamorra Osi. Probably, illustrating the phrase "First Damn Room", "Dallos" turned out to be unpopulating, but soon "megaZone 23" () became very and very famous, having gathered a sufficient amount in sales to interest sponsors with this new product marketing market. Subsequently, OVA works began to actively use for a preliminary assessment of the work before creating its full-length or televalvvvaria. Many well-known serials, "PATLABOR", for example, originated as OVA, but subsequently received television or film feeds. With the advent of OVA, the appearance of the first holistic pornographic anime, hentai, such as "Cream Lemon" () - before that, their authors were constrained by the framework of censorship of television and cinemas.

Most of these films, however, did not pay off at the box office. And "Akira", and Wings of Honneamise failed to collect during their first display in cinemas. The crisis of investments, which arose as a result of such depressing results, caused the closure of many anime studios, had to abandon the experiments, and return to proven solutions and plots. One of the few painlessly suffered a decline in Studio Ghibli financing, with an enviable constancy releasing the films using the success. The next ribbon, "Kiki" S Delivery Service ", published in the first place in cash collecting in that year, having collected more than 40 million dollars during the display time in cinemas.

Despite the failure in the Japanese rental of the film "Akira", a success awaited him outside the country. Being shown in many countries of Europe and America, the film has become very popular, and even to some extent, in the West, the Japanese animation of those years. With the death of Osama Tedzuki, the financial crisis and an increase in international interest in anime, the period called the "Golden Age" is considered completed.

1990-E.

After the surge of the popularity of the previous years, by the beginning of the 1990s, the anime was experiencing a financing crisis. The budgets were improved and promising projects were collapsed for disadvantage of funds. Critics also noted the drop in the quality of the anime series and films associated with the return to the proven scenes and constructions. Producers did not want to risk, supporting expensive experimental films.

The situation has changed with the exit in the year, perhaps the most ambiguous television series in the history of Anime, "Evangelion" ("Neon Genesis Evangelion"). The Anko-directed Hydeeaki from the studio "Gainax", being Otaka, turned pretty pretty a banal pattern of fur genre into something extremely intricate, psychological and implying a huge number of hidden meanings. It is said that Ano sought to make anime "from Otaku for Otaku", and at the same time express his point of view on the problems of this community. Anyway, under the end of the series, the director finally ceases to restrain himself with the framework of meaningfulness of what is happening, and refers to any available to him, even if it is very different, decisions to express their thoughts on the screen. The two anime films, "Evangelion: Death and Rebirth" and "The End of Evangelion", subsequently, only developed such a story manner.

Being at first put in children's timecot, "Evangelion" was extremely unpopulated, despite the initial belonging to quite pretty children of fur. Several series later, Timeslot was changed, and in his new quality Evangelion unexpectedly won the attention of the public. In a short time, the series became incredibly known in Japan, and soon among the anime fans around the world. Tresented by Svabno, crumpled, using a set of arthaus techniques, the story of the boy running from the reality of the boy was accepted so well that ten years later the volume of sales of accompanying goods - figures of heroes, collectible items - still large enough.

The influence of "evangelion" on the anime industry was so great that even the series of so-called "post-evangelion" of the TV shows. Most of them also belong to the furs genre and have any religious, philosophical or psychological subtext. Examples of such serials can serve as Rahxephon, Brain Powered and Gasaraki. Another Evangelion generated by "Evangelion" - or, at least, thanks to this series a second breath, - the stylization of the series is "psychedelica", strange or extremely unusual, controversial serials. After the exit "Lane Experiments" () Midth television has become a springboard for running many experimental TV series. Among the latest "boogiepop phantom" (), "TEXHNOLYZE" () and "Paranoi Agent" ().

2000-E.

In recent years, an next period of active growth has been observed in the development of anime. Anime has become ubiquitous outside of Japan, causing the development of relevant subcultures in many countries. It has grown as the number of distributors anime and the number of companies producing it. The volume of their products is increasing, and often not to the detriment of its quality. The overall level of animation quality increases, computer technologies are actively used to create anime and manga.

Despite the fact that the first firms licenses and spreading the anime in the United States appeared long before, the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s were marked by the strengthening of the positions of these companies and an increase in their number. In the US market, the situation with licensing Anime has become such that most of the anime products are licensed and published within the year from the date of its release to the screens in Japan. A similar interest in anime affects its financing in Japan: many distributors, such as Geneon, sponsor the creation of individual anime series and films. The situation with licensing anime in Russia has also changed for the better: in recent years, several large Russian companies that purchase licenses and extending anime have occurred from scratch.

Growing popularity, on the other hand, caused the occurrence of such a phenomenon as anime, directed exclusively to the audience's audience. After the incredible success of the "Evangelion" of the 90s, many studios tried themselves in creating serials that can become for fans of Japanese animation "classics". Another direction of development, which was actively used lately - Fersvis. Erotic content of erotic content is embedded in the video sequence of such anime, or even devoted to the whole series of erotic, while maintaining a plot. Examples of anime with a pronounced fanstrovis of this kind can serve as "hot summer" () and "Hand Maid May" (). Sometimes anime is based on popular Japanese erotic video games in the "Simulator of dating" genre, however, such emptying can be quite serious works, such as Kanon ().

Another version of Fersvis is a mention in the TV series of Culture Otaku, in some cases - a demonstration of their "unusualness" and "detachment from the rest of the world." Invented in the 1980s with Otaku No Video, the "Gainax" studio in recent years has been replenished with several decent work, sometimes exploring the Otaku on a very serious level. For example, "genshiken" () is entirely devoted to the subculture of fans of Japanese entertainment products.

Another unusual phenomenon of recent years was the Japanese animator Macoto Sinkai, who created his first short-acting anime films "She and Her Cat" (, 5 min.) And the "Voice of a distant star" (30 minutes) alone or with his friend . Having, thus, the public attention and financing, in 2004 he released a full-length two-hour film "For clouds" ("Beyond The Clouds, The Promised Place").

Notes

Links

Anime and Manga in Russia - Mini Encyclopedia Anime and Manga, containing a large number of articles on the history of anime.
"Introduction to Japanese Animation" - Book B. Ivanova on his official website.

Anime and Manga