Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 Slide
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Environmental pollution and their classification Ivanov Galina Viktorovna teacher PSK TsPS
2 Slide
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General concepts Environmental pollution are an unfavorable change in our environment, which is fully or mainly by the side effect of human activity (B. Nebel, 1994)
3 Slide
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General notions Environmental pollution are any solid, liquid and gaseous substances, types of energy (heat, sound, ionizing radiation) in quantities that have a harmful effect on humans and the environment as a whole both directly and indirectly
4 Slide
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Classification of pollution Natural (natural) Pollution -Charpure caused by natural sources of volcanic eruptions Forest and steppe fires Dust storms Flood shafts Tornado et al. Natural sources of pollution scattered on planet background contamination - Natural concentration and degree of impact of natural pollutants
5 Slide
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Classification of pollution Anthropogenic pollution - pollution caused by human activity Anthropogenic sources of pollution: Organized - permanent, acting stationary sources of unorganized - Metal emissions Mobile - vehicle emissions
6 Slide
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Sources and facilities Pollution activities General type of pollution Objects Contamination Optics Solid minerals Solid Waste (Empty breed, sludge) Wastewater (Mine and mine waters, Streams of processing factories) Gas emissions (explosive work, enrichment processes) Noise, soil vibration water atmosphere Oil mining oil leakage wastewater emissions of gaseous hydrocarbons noise, soil vibration water atmosphere
7 Slide
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Sources and facilities Pollution Type of activity General type of pollution Pollution facilities Industrial production Solid waste (slags, residues of raw materials and materials, spent catalysts, dust, defective products that have served the equipment, precipitation of wastewater treatment facilities, etc.) Liquid waste (waste liquids and solutions , washing fluids) Gas emissions (exhaust and flue gases, ventilation emissions) noise, vibration atmosphere water soil
8 Slide
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Sources and facilities Pollution activities General type of contamination Pollution facilities Production of energy Gas emissions (Fuel combustion products) Solid waste (ash) Waste water Heat pollution Noise, vibration radiation atmosphere Water soil transport Gaseous combustion products with admixture of aerosols Washing water with hydrocarbons Noise, vibration Air vehicles transported air water soil
9 Slide
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Sources and facilities Pollution Type of activity General type Pollution facilities Agriculture Fertilizers Geometrics Genetically modified soil plants water Air Livestock and poultry farming Stocks containing organic substances Smells Water soil Air Municipal Economy Wastewater (Household Sewerage, Stormwater) Solid Waste (Household and Building Trash ) Gas emissions (debris) water soil air
10 Slide
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The classification of pollution by nature contaminated is divided into: physical (dust, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, thermal pollution, noise, vibration) physico-chemical (aerosols, smells) chemical (various chemicals that provide carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, allergenic, etc. Impact on living organisms) biological (viruses and bacteria, causing infectious diseases, as well as allergic reactions; bringing organisms alien to the ecosystem)
11 Slide
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Classification of pollution on the nature of the environmental impact pollution is divided into primary and secondary primary pollutants enter the environment directly from sources (natural or anthropogenic), for example, volcanic gases, flue gases of power plants, wastewater enterprises, solid household waste, etc. Secondary pollutants are formed during transformations (transformations) of primary pollutants and natural substances in the environment, for example, acid rains
12 Slide
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13 Slide
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Impact of environmental pollution Local pollution - pollution of a small area around an industrial enterprise, settlement and other places Local pollution is characteristic of cities, large industrial enterprises, large livestock and poultry complexes, mineral mining areas
14 Slide
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Impact of environmental pollution Regional pollution is pollution detected within relatively extensive spaces Regional pollution covers significant areas of sushi and water bodies. Examples include pollution of the Baltic and Mediterranean seas
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Impact of pollution on the environment Global pollution is pollution of the environment or its components, detected away from pollution sources almost anywhere in the planet. Most often caused by emissions into the atmosphere, they spread over long distances from the release point and have an impact on large regions and on the entire planet. For example, an increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere led to an increase in the average annual temperature on the planet, emissions of freon in the stratosphere - to the destruction of the ozone layer.
16 Slide
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The impact of environmental pollution state of the ecosystems The equilibrium rate of restoration processes is higher or equal to the velocity of anthropogenic destruction critical limit state of the ecosystem equilibrium (on the boundary of its stability region) a catastrophic is difficult to be a reversible process of fixing low-productive systems that can end the environmental disaster
17 Slide
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The impact of environmental pollution under an ecological catastrophe understands the non-equilibrium, non-stationary transformation of the environment, the consequence of which is the loss of stability (equilibrium) as a result of changes in its own parameters and / or the rapid change in external variables as a result of an ecological catastrophe decreases the complexity of ecosystems, energy and biological potential. The environmental disaster often arises as a result of a direct or indirect anthropogenic effect, or an adverse and dangerous natural phenomenon.
18 Slide
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Conclusion Almost all parties to the modern activities of people lead to pollution of the biosphere: industry, energy, transport, agriculture and life, the rapid growth rates of population and urbanization. Environmental monitoring should ensure information about the initial state of the biosphere and identify anthropogenic changes.
Slide 2.
Lesson plan:
Types of pollution. Pollution shells. Ways to solve environmental problems.
Slide 3.
Environmental pollution?
Slide 4.
Environmental pollution is an undesirable change in its properties as a result of anthropogenic intake of various substances and connections.
Slide 5.
Slide 6.
Types of pollution OS.
Slide 7.
Types of Pollution OS.
Slide 8.
Air pollution.
Describe the main reasons for the contamination of the atmosphere. Prove that the circulation processes in the atmosphere led to the problem of its pollution acquired a global nature.
Slide 9.
"The greenhouse effect"
Slide 10.
"The ozone hole"
Slide 11.
Output. Global changes in the atmosphere:
Pollution of the atmosphere CO2, CH4I, etc., the threat of the greenhouse effect; The occurrence of acid rains that are loving forests, destroy life, adversely affect people's health.
Slide 12.
Pollution of lithosphere (soil cover)
What do you know the main pollutants, which lead to the change in the chemical composition of soil? How is the problem of accumulating household garbage solve? Explain the term "garbage civilization"?
Slide 13.
Desertification. Sukhara.
Slide 14.
Output. Global changes in the lithosphere:
radiation contamination of extensive areas with tragic consequences; Erosion of soils, salinization, wiping or desertification (as a result, it is withdrawn from S-X. produce about 6 million gg annually); Toxication of fields pesticides, herbicides, nitrates
Slide 15.
Desertification. Sachel.
Slide 16.
Pollution of the hydrosphere.
What serious water-resource problems are many countries in the world? How are the problems of pure fresh water deficiency in the countries of the world? What are the problems of pollution of the water of the World Ocean and what consequences arise?
Slide 17.
Water pollution with oil and petroleum products
Slide 18.
Output. Global changes in the hydrosphere:
The most contaminated rivers and lakes of the world - Rhine, Danube, Seine, Thames, Tiber, Mississippi, Ohio, Volga, Don, Dniester, Lake Lake, Balkhash, etc.; Pollution of hydrosphere with petroleum products, heavy metals, etc.;
Slide 19.
Solving environmental problems. Implementation:
Creating a different kind of cleansing facilities;
Slide 20.
Processing of garbage, waste, etc.;
Slide 21.
The use of environmental technologies and the rational placement of "dirty" industries.
Slide 22.
Creating a network of protected natural territories (OPT).
Slide 23.
Wholesale is the territories that are protected from traditional economic use and maintaining a natural state in scientific, educational and educational and aesthetic purposes.
Forms OPT: Reserves, reserves, reserves, national parks ...
Slide 24.
Geoecology
It examines the processes and phenomena arising in the environment as a result of anthropogenic intervention in it.
Slide 25.
Bibliography:
O.I. INUFRIEVA General characteristics of the world 1 part, method. Address for a teacher. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007; V.P. Maksakovsky Economic and Social Geography of the World. Textbook. - Moscow: Enlightenment, 2007; CD-lessons of geography. Cyril and Methodius; http://wwf.ru - the World Wildlife Foundation for the Live Planet! http://www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/ - Greenpeace
Slide 26.
Homework
1 repeat the topic 3; Prepare for lesson test. 2 Creative task - Quiz questions on the theme "World Natural Resources", starting with the words "why ..." (5-7 issues). 3Poduy! 1 Is the option possible in our time to extend the industrial production without negative environmental impact? Option 2. Why is international cooperation necessary for solving environmental problems?
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"Pollution Environment" - physical (thermal, noise, electromagnetic, light, radioactive) chemical (heavy metals, pesticides, plastics, etc. Chemicals) biological (biogenic, microbiological, genetic) information (information noise, false information, concern factors ). Presentation on biology on the topic "Environmental pollution" of the student 8 "in" class Vdovenko Vitaly.
"The incineration of waste" is the combustion chamber of the MSW. Building installation. Due to the rapid cooling of the smoke, repeated synthesis of dioxins is prevented. Camera cleaning products combustion. Tank with water. Due to the high toxicity of the products of incineration of MSW, a number of tasks arise. The installation uses smoke afterburning. From the loaded MBC are extracted large wooden and non-combustible components.
"Radioactive pollution" is zoning. Leningrad NPP. Explanatory note. Balakovo NPP. Radioactive emissions. Kursk NPP. Rostov nuclear power plant. Novovoronezh NPP. Kalinin NPP. Transboundary effect.
"Energy intensity reduction" - 7. Development of the regional section of the state program. Rub. Documents that determine the need to develop state program and regional programs. Number of subjects, pcs. The rate of reduced energy intensity of the VRP of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Building an energy efficient economy in the Russian Federation is based on two key documents.
"Global problems of the world" - classification of global problems. Map "Nuclear powers of the world." The most important global problems. Conditional signs: - cutting zone of rainforest. Yasser Arafat is the leader of the Palestinian Authority. The concept of global problems. Nuclear winter. Mortality. Legend: ----------- - an arc of instability; - Foci conflicts.
"Global Environmental Problems" - Oba Flap. No less difficult in scientific relations the environmental problem of the ozone layer. In the atmosphere, aerosol pollution is perceived in the form of smoke, fog, mall or haze. The impact of a person on the environment took a threatening scale. Waste production of synthetic fibers. The problem of the greenhouse effect.
Total in the subject of 12 presentations
Boyko Elena
This presentation is developed on the topic: "Environmental Pollution". Can be used in technology lessons in grade 10.
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Environmental Pollution Presentation Performed: Studying 10 A Class Boyko Elena
Environmental pollution is a process of negative environmental modification - air, water, soil - by its intoxication by substances that threaten the lives of living organisms. Types of contaminants biological - pollutant are not characteristic of the ecosystem of organisms. The most famous example is the rabbits uncontrolled in Australia. - Microbiological mechanical - pollution with chemically inert garbage, pumping paths and other mechanical effect on Wednesday. Space trash chemical - pollutant are harmful chemical compounds. Aerosol pollution - contaminant-aerosol (system of small particles) Physical thermal - excessive heating of the medium. Light - excessive lighting. Noise electromagnetic - radiation of the radio; It can interfere with both the vital activity of certain organisms and radio picks. Radioactive - excess of the natural radioactive background. Visual pollution - damage to natural landscapes buildings, wires, garbage, plumes of airplanes, etc.
Soil contamination Soil contamination is a form of anthropogenic soil degradation, in which the content of chemicals in soils exposed to anthropogenic effects exceeds the natural regional background level of their contents in soils. The main criterion for pollution of the environment by various substances is the manifestation of the signs of the harmful effects of these substances in the environment into certain types of living organisms, since the stability of certain types of latter to chemical exposure differs significantly. Environmental hazard represents that in the environment of human environment compared to natural levels, the content of certain chemicals due to their receipt from anthropogenic sources is exceeded. This danger can be realized not only for the most sensitive species of living organisms. Ecosystem pollution is one of the species of its degradation, soil contamination is one of the most dangerous types of soil degradation and ecosystems in general. Pollutants (pollutants) are substances of anthropogenic origin entering into the environment in quantities exceeding the natural level of their receipt.
Pollution of freshwater Pollution of freshwater is to enter various pollutants in the water of rivers, lakes, groundwater. It occurs with the direct or indirect contact of pollutants into water in the absence of adequate measures for cleaning and removing harmful substances. In most cases, freshwater pollution remains invisible, since pollutants are dissolved in water. But there are exceptions: foaming detergents, as well as flooding oil products and crude stocks on the surface. There are several natural pollutants. The aluminum compounds in the land are falling into a system of freshwaters as a result of chemical reactions. Floods are washed out of the soil meadows of magnesium compound, which cause huge damage to fish reserves.
Earth's atmosphere pollution pollution of the Earth's atmosphere is introduced into atmospheric air new uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological substances for it or a change in their natural concentration. In the sources of pollution, two types of air pollution are distinguished: natural artificial contaminant contaminant pollution is three species: physical - mechanical (dust, solid particles), radioactive (radioactive radiation and isotopes), electromagnetic (various types of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves) , noise (various loud sounds and low-frequency oscillations) and thermal pollution (for example, heating air emissions, etc.) Chemical - pollution by gaseous substances and aerosols. To date, the main chemical air pollutants are: carbon oxide (IV), nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, heavy metals, ammonia, atmospheric dust and radioactive isotopes biological - mainly pollution of microbial nature. For example, air pollution with vegetative forms and disputes of bacteria and mushrooms, viruses, as well as their toxins and livelihoods.
Pollution of the oceans Sushi and the ocean associate rivers flowing into the sea and carrying various pollutants. Chemicals, such as petroleum products, oil, fertilizers (especially nitrates and phosphates), insecticides and herbicides, as a result of leaching, fall into the river, and then to the ocean. As a result, the ocean turns into a place of discharge of this "cocktail" from nutrients and poisons. Oil and petroleum products are the main ocean pollutants, but harm caused by them significantly aggravate wastewater, household garbage and air pollution. Plastic objects and oil, endowed on the beaches, remain along the level of the level of the tide, indicating the pollution of the seas and that many waste are not decomposed by microorganisms. The study of the North Sea showed that about 65% of pollutants detected there were brought by rivers. Another 25% of pollutants came from the atmosphere (including 7,000 tons of lead from car exhausts), 10% from direct discharges (mostly wastewater), and the rest - from plots and waste discharges from ships. Ten States of the United States dump waste to the sea. In 1980, 160,000 tons were destroyed in this way of waste, but since then this figure decreased.
The presentation on the topic "Environmental Pollution" prepared a student of 10 "a" class Boyko Elena.
Classification of species of environmental pollution1
Classification of species of environmental pollution
Mechanical clogging of the medium agents that only have mechanical impact without
Chemical and physical consequences (for example, garbage)
Chemical
Changes in the chemical properties of the medium that have a negative impact on
Ecosystems and technological devices
Physical
Changes in physical parameters of the medium: temperature and energy (thermal
or thermal), wave (light, noise, electromagnetic), radiation
(radiation or radio- active), etc.
Thermal
Increased medium temperature, mainly due to industrial
(thermal) emissions of heated air, outgoing gases and water; may arise and how
The secondary result of changing the chemical composition of the medium
Light
Violation of natural illumination of terrain as a result of action
artificial light sources; leads to the anomalies of plants and animals
Noise
An increase in noise intensity over natural levels; leads to an increase
fatigue, reduction of mental activity and at 90-100 dB to loss of hearing
Electromag. change of electromagnetic properties of the medium (from power lines, radio and
Netty
television, industrial installations, etc.) leads to global and local
geographical anomalies and changes in thin biological structures
Radiation excess of the natural level of content in the medium of radioactive substances
Biological penetration of ecosystems and technological devices of animal species and
Plants, alien to these communities and devices
. The biotic spread of unwanted biogenic substances where they were not previously observed
Microbiological
a) the emergence of a large number of microorganisms associated with their reproduction
in anthropogenic environments, changed during human economic activities;
b) the acquisition of a previously harmless form of microorganisms of pathogenic properties.
Sources of the pollution of the atmosphere
2Sources of the pollution of the atmosphere
- industrial enterprises, first of all,
chemical
petrochemical
and
Metallurgical plants;
- heat generating plants (thermal
power plants,
Heating
and
Production boiler rooms);
- Transport, first of all, automotive.
Emissions of energy facilities have to
About 60%, Trans-Port 20-25%, Industry
15-20%.
The consequences of air pollution
3The consequences of air pollution
Sanitary and hygienic consequences. Since the air is medium in
which a person is throughout life depends on his health,
The presence in the air of even small concentrations of harmful substances can
adversely affect the person, lead in irreversible consequences and
Even to death.
Environmental consequences. Air is an essential element of the surrounding
environments in continuous contact with all other elements of alive and
Dead nature. The deterioration of air quality due to the presence in it
various pollutants lead to the death of forests, crops of agricultural
crops, herbal cover, animals, pollution of reservoirs, as well as
Damage to cultural monuments, building structures, various kinds
structures, etc.
Economic consequences. Dust and gas supply
Individuals leads to a decrease in labor productivity. In
Many industries The availability of dust in the air worsens the quality
products, accelerates equipment wear. In the production process, mining,
Transportation of many types of materials, raw materials, finished products Part of these
substances go into dusty state and is lost, polluting at the same time
environment.
Characteristics of dusty air pollutants
4Characteristics of dusty air pollutants
Dust and other aerosols.
Cyanides.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Nitrogen oxides are a mixture of nitrogen compounds in their different ratio. Quite
Common harmful substances are allocated in the production of nitric acid,
fertilizer production, with explosive
Hydrocarbons of the aromatic series.
Lead (PB).
Mercury (HG).
Manganese (Mn)
Zinc (Zn).
Chrome (CR).
Nickel (NI)
Carcinogenic substances.
Radioactive substances.
Microorganisms
Dust and other aerosols.
5Dust and other aerosols.
Air quality, its impact on the body, as well as equipment and technological processes in many ways
due to the content of suspended particles in it, mainly dust.
Dust of technological origin is characterized by a large variety of chemical composition,
the size of the particles, their form, density, the nature of the edges of the particles, etc., respectively, the impact
Dust on the human body and the environment.
Dust causes harm to organism as a result of mechanical impact (damage to the respiratory organs
sharp edges of dust), chemical (poisoning of poisonous dust), bacteriological (together with dust in
The body penetrate pathogenic microorganisms).
According to hygienists, dust particles of 5 microns and less can deeply penetrate into the lungs
Up to Alveol. Doodles of 5-10 microns are mainly delayed in the upper respiratory tract,
Almost not penetrating into the lungs. Dust has a harmful effect on respiratory organs, eyesight, leather, and when
Penetration into the human body is also a digestive tract.
The most severe consequences cause a systematic inhalation of dust containing free dioxide
SiO2 silicon. As a result, silicosis occurs. This is one of the forms of the disease of the lungs associated with inhalation.
Drained air - pneumoconiosis. The effects of dust on the organ of view causes conjunctivitis, on the skin -
dermatitis.
Dust in industrial premises has adverse effects on equipment, causing
For example, its intensive wear. Deposition of dust on the surface of heating and cooling impairs the conditions
heat exchange, etc. Deposition of dust on electrical equipment can lead to a violation of its operation,
To accidents.
Organic dust, for example, flour, can be a nutrient medium for the development of microorganisms.
Dust particles can be a core of condensation for vapors of liquids. Together with dust into the room can
penetrating substances causing intensive corrosion of metals, etc. With air, many dust form
Explosive mixtures.
Carbon Oxide (CO)
6Carbon Oxide (CO)
- Colorless gas, odorless. High-toxic substance. Density towards
Air 0,967. It is formed as a result of incomplete combustion of carbon (carbon combustion
In conditions of lack of oxygen). Selection CO occur in the foundry,
thermal, blacksmith shops, in boiler houses, especially working on coal
fuel, Co contains in the exhaust gases of cars, tractors, etc. Through the lungs
SO
penetrate
at
blood.
Entering
at
compound
with
hemoglobin
Forms
Carboxygemoglobin. At the same time, the supply of an organism with oxygen is disturbed. AT
Heavy cases are choking.
Cianida
7Cianida
Cyanides include: cyanic (sinyl) 1 acid (HCN), its salts (KCN, NACN,
CH3CN) and others. HCN is a colorless liquid with a smell of bitter almond. Cianida
Sodium and potassium - colorless crystals, weakly smell with blue acid.
Sinyl Acid is used in the production of nitrile rubber, synthetic
Fibers and organic glass, when removing noble metals from ores, etc.
Sodium and potassium cyanides are used in galvanic workshops when coating metals
Copper, brass, gold, pharmacological production.
Sinyl Acid can enter the body through mucous membranes
respiratory tract and digestive tract, in minor quantities through
Skin. Silic acid salts in the body penetrate in the form of dust through the mouth
cavity. Sinyl Acid and its compounds are highly toxic. Cyanides received
In the body, the blood circulation and the supply of an organism with oxygen is disrupted.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
8Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- Colorless gas with smell of rotten eggs. Boiling point 60,9 ° C, density
Relation to air 1.19. Lights with a blue flame with the formation of water and dioxide
sulfur.
Occurs when processing, receiving or using sulfur barium,
sodium sodium, antimony, in the leather industry, in the beetroot
Production, in factories of artificial silk, during the extraction of oil and its processing
and other industries. Enters the body through the lungs in small quantities
Through the skin. It has high toxicity. Threshold of smell sensation 0,012 ... 0.03 mg
/ m3, a concentration of about 11 mg / m3 is hard tolerable even for her usual.
Harvested the central nervous system, violates the blood supply to the body. For
Low concentrations have an irritant effect on the mucous
Eye shell and upper respiratory tract.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2 sulfur gas)
9Sulfur dioxide (SO2 sulfur gas)
- Colorless gas with sharp odor. Density with respect to air 2,213.
It occurs when burning fuel containing sulfur, in boiler houses, forge,
Foundry production, in the production of sulfuric acid, on copper-smelting
factories, in the skin-in-law production and a number of others. Very common harmful
substance
organism
Enroll
through
respiratory
Ways.
Renders
strong
An irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, the upper respiratory tract. For
Big concentrations may be more severe effects up to loss.
Consciousness, pulmonary edema.
Nitrogen oxides
10Nitrogen oxides
are a mixture of nitrogen compounds in their different ratio. Quite
Common harmful substances are allocated in the production of nitric acid,
in the production of fertilizers, with explosive works, etc. Enroll in the body through
Airways. With small concentrations and small content in the mixture
Nitrogen dioxide irritation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory
ways. With a large content in a mixture of nitrogen dioxide and large concentration
The mixtures in the air occur the phenomena of suffocation.
Hydrocarbons of the aromatic series.
11Hydrocarbons of the aromatic series.
In production, benzene, toluene, xylene is widely used. They are obtained during distillation
Stone coal at coke-chemical plants and distillation of oil.
AT
Conventional conditions they are in a liquid state. Boiling temperature
benzene (C6H6) 80.1 ° C; toluene (C6H5SH3) 110.8 ° C; xylene ((CH3) 2C6H4) 144 ° C.
Enroll in the body through the respiratory tract and the skin. The most dangerous is
benzene. Aromatic hydrocarbons act on the blood-forming organs and on
central nervous system.
Metals.
12Metals.
Lead (PB). Lead and its compounds enter the air in enterprises by
Flaming lead, for the production of batteries, lead paints, in production
fractions and others. Lead enters the body mostly through the respiratory tract, and
Also through the digestive tract.
Lead violates the work of the blood circulation organs and the central nervous system,
Digestive system, metabolic processes in the body. Can accumulate in
various organs (bones, brain, liver, muscle), sowing lead from the body
happens for a long time (months, years).
Metals.
13Metals.
Mercury (HG). Mercury is used in the production of measuring instruments (
of animals, barometers), runday mercury, mercury rectifiers, getting gold from
ore and so on. in the body in the conditions of production of a couple of mercury come through organs
breathing. If mercury gets into the body is affected mainly nervous
System and gastrointestinal tract, kidneys. Mercury can accumulate in
The body is mainly in the liver and kidneys. Fine-dispersed mercury can
fall into pores of materials (plasters, wood, etc.) and allocate for a long time
Couple mercury.
Metals.
14Metals.
Manganese (Mn) - silver metal with a red tint. Melting temperature
1210 ... 1260 ° C, Boiling point 1900 ° C. A manganese compounds are common:
Manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, manganese chloride.
WITH
manganese
have to
face
at
Metallurgical
Industry
(production of high-quality steels), glass and chemical industries,
welding, mining and processing of manganese ores, etc.
Manganese and its compounds enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract in
The form of dust. They affect the central nervous system.
Metals.
15Metals.
Zinc (Zn). Harmful substance is zinc oxide - white loose powder. Oxide
zinc can be obtained when the zinc oxidation when he heated above
Melting temperature (939 ° C).
When zinc heated above the melting point (939 ° C), zinc pairs are formed,
which, connecting with oxygen, form zinc oxide (ZnO).
Contact with zinc oxide can occur in the manufacture of zinc blees, casting
Brass, its cutting, etc. Zinc oxide in the form of dust enters the body through
Airways. The effects of zinc oxide on the body - phenomena
Fever. Zinc is mainly postponed in the liver, pancreas.
Metals.
16Metals.
catalyst
for
production, etc.
Nickelovania
Metal
Products
at
galvanic
Metals.
17Metals.
Chrome (CR). Chrome - solid shiny metal. Melting point 1615 ° C,
Boiling point 2200 ° C. Chromium compounds are used: chromium oxide, dioxide
Chromium, chrome potassium and sodium alum and other chrome and its connections
used in metallurgy, chemical, leather, textile, paintwork,
Matching and other industries. They come through the respiratory tract in
the form of dust, fog vapor, through the gastrointestinal tract, absorbed through the skin in
The form of solutions. Can be postponed in the liver, kidneys, endocrine system, lungs,
Hair and others. Chrome and its compounds are affected by the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs,
The gastrointestinal tract, causes ulcers on the skin. Like allergens, they
cause a disease of the type of bronchial asthma.
Metals.
18Metals.
Nickel (Ni) - silver white metal with brown tint. Temperature
Melting 1425 ° C, Boiling point 2900 ° C. Finds use in production
nickel and chromonichel steel, alloys with copper, iron, as
catalyst
for
Nickelovania
Metal
Products
at
galvanic
production, etc.
AT
Nickel's body and its compounds come through the respiratory tract in the form of
dust. Nickel and its compounds cause the respiratory lesion, skin
Pokrov.
Carcinogenic substances.
19Carcinogenic substances.
A number of substances applied in industry are able to cause malignant
Tumors in different parts of the body. Such substances are chrome, arsenic, nickel,
Asbestos, beryllium, soot, resin, pitch, mineral oils and a number of others. These
neoplasms may occur through a significant period (several years) after
termination of work with the corresponding substances.
Quite
Specific
Harm
present
by himself
Unpleasant
odors
sources of which are gases and aerosol particles, usually in small
The quantities are in the air. Smells adversely affect
the human body causing increased fatigue, nervous excitement or,
On the contrary, depression. With unpleasant smells you have to meet in areas
location of chemical enterprises, as well as enterprises where occurs
Processing
Agricultural
Meat processing plants, tobacco factories, etc.
Organic
raw
eg,
near 20
AT
Recent decades have a new type of air pollution -
Radioactive substances. Development of nuclear energy and industry
and the processing of nuclear energy carriers is associated with entering the surrounding
Wednesday radionuclides. These substances are distinguished by a large variety of
The intensities of the WHO action on the human body and animals, on the environment,
And the same time of its existence - from the fraction of a second to millennia.
AT
Aircraft also contains microorganisms - bacteria and viruses.
The nutrient medium for their breeding and development is biological
Processes occurring both in industry and agriculture.
The main properties of aerosol
21The main properties of aerosol
Dispersion
Sedimentary particle diameter
Density
Specific surface area
Madridness of dust
Fruit dust
Dynamic corner of natural slope
Gigroscopic dust
Wetting dust
Electrical properties of dust
Specific electrical resistance (WES)
Electric dust charge
Flammability and explosive dust
Harmful gases and couples
22Harmful gases and couples
Water classification and properties of water dispersed systems
23Water classification and properties of water dispersed systems
Classification of industrial waste
243031Hydromechanical
Cleaning processes
Gas emissions 32
Processes
Mass exchange 33
Catalytic processes
Atmospheric protection
air 34
Physical and chemical
Protection processes
atmospheric air 35
Heat processes
Atmospheric protection
air
