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Appendix Approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation
dated L 06 2016 No. 8U
Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION
1.1. These sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (hereinafter - SanPiN) establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors of non-ionizing nature (hereinafter - physical factors) in the workplace and the sources of these physical factors, as well as requirements for the organization of control, methods for measuring physical factors in the workplace places and measures to prevent the harmful effects of physical factors on the health of workers.
1.2. Compliance with the requirements of these SanPiN is mandatory for citizens in labor relations, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.
1.3. These SanPiNs do not apply to the working conditions of divers, astronauts, conditions for performing emergency rescue operations or combat missions.
1.4. Hygienic standards for the impact of physical factors in a production environment (hereinafter referred to as maximum permissible levels, MPL) are defined as maximum permissible levels of factors that, during daily (except weekends) work for 8 hours, but not more than 40 hours per week, throughout working experience do not cause diseases or deviations in the state of health, detected by modern research methods, in the process of work or in the long-term life of the present and subsequent generations.
1.5. Assessment of actual levels of production physical factors should be carried out taking into account measurement uncertainty 1.
1.6. Statement of requirements for physical factors in other regulatory documents regulating requirements for production facilities is permitted in the form of a reference to these SanPiNs.
SanPiN requirements apply to designed, newly commissioned, reconstructed and operated facilities from the moment SanPiN comes into force.
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1.7 Other sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors for certain sectors (sub-sectors) of the economy can be established taking into account technical feasibility, features of technological processes and equipment, specifics of work activity, subject to the development of a system of effective measures to protect the health of workers
1.8. Production control, including laboratory research and testing, over compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements and implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures in the process of production, storage, transportation and sale of products, performance of work and provision of services, as well as working conditions is carried out individually entrepreneurs and legal entities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
1.9. The requirements of these SanPiN are applied when assessing the levels of occupational health risks for workers and developing preventive measures.
II. MICROCLIMATE AT WORKPLACES
2.1. General provisions
2.1.1. Microclimate indicators must ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.
2.1.2. Hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators are established for workplaces in production premises.
2.1.3. The requirements of these SanPiNs for the microclimate indicators of workplaces of industrial premises are established taking into account the total energy consumption of the working duration of work, periods of the year and include requirements for measurement and control methods.
2.1.5. The microclimate of industrial premises is standardized for periods of the year characterized by an average daily outside air temperature of +10 °C and below (hereinafter referred to as the cold period of the year), as well as above +10 °C (hereinafter referred to as the warm period of the year).
2.1.6. The average daily outside air temperature (the average outside air temperature measured at certain hours of the day at regular intervals) is determined according to the hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring service.
2.1.7. The environmental heat load index (hereinafter referred to as THC-index) characterizes the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed, thermal radiation) on the body and is expressed as a single-digit indicator in °C.
2.1.8. Assessment of the microclimate at workplaces located in open areas in various climatic zones (regions) of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with Appendix 5 to these SanPiN
2.2. Standardized indicators and parameters
2.2.1. Indicators characterizing the microclimate in production premises are:
a) air temperature;
b) temperature of surfaces 2;
d) equivalent level of vibration acceleration, ~ Ten decimal logarithms of the ratio of the square of the equivalent acceleration to the square of the reference value of vibration acceleration.
Equivalent adjusted level of vibration acceleration per work shift, bd(8). dB is determined by the formula:
* UT| e jqO.1 /-v.i-.L
V^o (=1)
Then is the standard duration of a work shift (8 hours) 7;
Tj - duration i-ro interval of vibration exposure, h;
La.w.Ti - equivalent adjusted level of vibration acceleration, measured at the 1st interval of vibration exposure, dB;
e) current adjusted vibration acceleration, and w (t) is the root mean square value of the corrected vibration acceleration at a given time, averaged with a standardized averaging time constant 8.
4.2. Standardized indicators and parameters
4.2.1. The normalized indicator of vibration in the workplace is the equivalent adjusted vibration acceleration per work shift, A(8) 9, m-s" 2 (equivalent adjusted vibration acceleration level per work shift, L A (8b dB) 10.
4.2.2. The hygienic assessment of vibration affecting a person should be carried out by the method of integral assessment based on the equivalent adjusted level of vibration acceleration, taking into account the time of vibration exposure.
4.2.3. The maximum permissible values of the equivalent adjusted vibration acceleration for a work shift of industrial vibration are given in Table 4.1.
With a shortened working day (less than 40 hours per week), the remote control rules are applied without change.
Work under conditions of exposure to local vibration with current root-mean-square levels exceeding current sanitary standards by more than 12 dB (4 times) according to the integral assessment is not allowed.
Work under conditions of exposure to general vibration with current root-mean-square levels exceeding current sanitary standards by more than 24 dB (8 times) according to the integral assessment is not allowed.
4.2.4. The maximum permissible values and levels of vibration category 5 for workplaces in public buildings are equal to the values of the Sv category.
4.2.5. Vibration is normalized for the directions of the axes of the basiscentric coordinate system. The directions of the axes of the basiscentric coordinate system are shown in the figures in Appendix 7.
If the duration of the work shift is different from 8 hours, T 0 is taken to be equal to the actual duration of the work shift with a total work duration of 40 hours per week.
For measurements for hygienic purposes, the following standardized averaging time constants are accepted:
a) 1 s - for local vibration;
b) 10 s - for general vibration.
1 For production conditions, the spectral characteristics of vibration (levels of vibration acceleration in octave (1/3-octave) frequency bands) are not standardized parameters; are considered as reference parameters that can be used for selecting PPE, developing preventive measures, resolving expert issues related to the connection of the disease with the profession, and so on; can be measured and reflected in the measurement protocol.
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Table 4.1. Maximum permissible values and levels of industrial vibration |
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Note. Wh. - frequency correction filter according to GOST 31192.1-2004. Wd, Wk - frequency correction filters according to GOST 31191.1-2004 Wm - frequency correction filter according to GOST 31191.2-2004 _| |
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4.3. Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
4.3.1. Vibration levels are measured in accordance with approved and duly certified methods.
4.3.2. Vibration measurements must be carried out with vibrometers that meet the requirements of the interstate standard and equipped with class 1 octave and one-third octave filters according to the national standard of the Russian Federation 3 4 .
V. INFRASOUND AT WORKPLACES
5.1. General provisions
5.1.1. In the hygienic standardization of infrasound in the workplace, the following terms and definitions are used:
a) infrasound - acoustic vibrations with frequencies below 22 Hz;
b) general infrasound sound pressure level (general infrasound level): sound pressure level in the frequency range 1.4-22 Hz, can be directly measured using an appropriate bandpass filter or obtained by energy summation of sound pressure levels in 2.4 octave frequency bands, 8.16 Hz;
c) equivalent sound pressure level, Lp.eqj, dB - ten decimal logarithms of the ratio of the square of the sound pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure at a given time interval.
Ws/.= 10| gf-I 7 ;- 100 " ,W
Equivalent sound pressure levels for a work shift in octave frequency bands are determined by the formula:
Then is the standard duration of a work shift (8 hours) 5;
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Tj - duration of the i-th interval of exposure to infrasound, h;
Lp.i/i.eqji - equivalent sound pressure level measured at the i-th interval, dB.
The equivalent general infrasound level for a work shift is determined by the formula:
Iо ig - ^t g \o OA ^
To is the standard duration of a work shift (8 hours) 8 ;
Tj is the duration of the i-ro interval of exposure to infrasound, h;
l-p.zi.eq.sh - replaceable equivalent general infrasound level;
Lp.zi.cqji is the equivalent total level of infrasound, measured at the i-th interval of its impact;
d) maximum sound pressure level Lp.m«x, dB - this is the highest value of the sound pressure level measured at a given time interval with standard time correction (time constant).
5.2. Standardized indicators and parameters
5.2.1. The normalized parameters of infrasound are:
a) equivalent sound pressure levels for a work shift in octave frequency bands 2.4, 8, 16 Hz - Lp.i/i.eq.sh, dB;
b) equivalent overall infrasound level for a work shift - Lp.zi.cq.8b dB;
c) maximum overall infrasound level measured with time correction S (slow).
5.2.2. The maximum permissible levels of infrasound at workplaces, differentiated for various types of work, are given in Table 5.1.
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Table 5.1. Maximum permissible levels of infrasound in workplaces |
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Notes 1. The maximum current overall infrasound level should not exceed 120 dB. 2. With a shortened working day (less than 40 hours per week), the remote control rules are applied without changes. |
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5.3. Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
5.3.1. To assess infrasound, you should use integrating-averaging sound level meters of class 1 according to the interstate standard 4, equipped with octave filters 2 Hz-16 Hz class 1 according to the national standard of the Russian Federation 6 and microphones certified for measuring sound pressure in the infrasonic frequency range. To directly measure the general level of infrasound, it is recommended to use sound level meters equipped with a bandpass filter with cutoff frequencies from 1.4 to 22 Hz.
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5.3.2. The measurement time should be at least 100 s for stationary processes (for example, such as compressor units) and at least 300 s for non-stationary processes (for example, such as vehicles in motion).
5.3.3. The maximum overall infrasound level is determined as the energy sum of sound pressure levels in the octave frequency bands 2-16 Hz or by direct measurement of the maximum sound pressure level in the frequency range 1.4-22 Hz.
5.3.4. When measuring infrasound, special attention should be paid to the influence of air currents. When air flow speeds exceed 0.5 m/s, measurements must be carried out using wind protection. When air flow speeds exceed 5 m/s, measurements should not be taken.
5.4. Sani garneau-epidemiological requirements for protection from infrasound
5.4.1. When workers are exposed to infrasound levels exceeding the normative ones, work and rest regimes and other protective measures must be applied to prevent adverse effects.
5.4.2. Reducing the intensity of infrasound generated by technological processes and equipment must be carried out through the use of a set of measures, including:
a) weakening of the power of infrasound at the source of its formation at the stage of design, construction, development of architectural and planning solutions, layout of premises and arrangement of equipment;
b) isolation of infrasound sources in separate rooms;
c) the use of observation booths with remote control of the technological process;
d) reducing the intensity of infrasound at the source by introducing special damping devices of small linear dimensions into the technological chains, redistributing the spectral composition of infrasound vibrations to the region of higher frequencies;
e) covering the equipment with casings that have increased sound insulation in the infrasound frequency range.
5.4.3. The effectiveness of measures to reduce infrasound generated by technological processes and equipment is confirmed by relevant calculations and graphic material.
VI. AIR AND CONTACT ULTRASOUND AT WORKPLACES
6.1. General provisions
6.1.1. Classification of ultrasonic vibrations according to the method of action on humans:
a) air - ultrasound, which acts on a person through air
b) contact - ultrasound, which acts on a person when hands or other parts of the human body come into contact with an ultrasound source, workpieces, devices for holding them, liquids in which ultrasonic vibrations propagate, measuring heads of medical diagnostic instruments and flaw detectors for industrial use, physiotherapeutic emitters and surgical ultrasound equipment and so on.
6.1.2. In the hygienic standardization of ultrasound in the workplace, the following terms and definitions are used:
a) the maximum permissible level (MAL) of ultrasound is a level that, during daily (except weekends) work, but not more than 40 hours a week, during the entire working period, should not cause diseases or abnormalities
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health, detected by modern research methods in the process of work or in the long term of life of the present and subsequent generations. Compliance with ultrasound guidelines does not exclude health problems in hypersensitive people;
b) ultrasound sources are all types of ultrasonic technological equipment, ultrasonic devices and equipment for industrial, medical, and household purposes, generating ultrasonic vibrations in the frequency range from 11.2 kHz to 100 MHz and higher. Ultrasound sources also include equipment during the operation of which ultrasonic vibrations arise as a concomitant factor;
c) contact medium - a medium (solid, liquid, gaseous) in which ultrasonic vibrations propagate during the contact transmission method;
d) time-averaged peak spatial intensity - L rl of contact ultrasound propagating from a source in a water-like helium medium - calculated from measurements of acoustic pressure p when a hydrophone (piston type) comes into contact with the controlled surface of the ultrasonic emitter through a thin layer of ultrasonic gel lubricant, approximated by the dependence 1 >ri from p in the form
Ispia=p 2 /dc, where (6.1)
p - measured acoustic pressure, Pa,
d is the density of water, kg/m3;
s is the speed of sound in it, m/s.
6.2. Standardized indicators and parameters
6.2.1. The normalized parameters of airborne ultrasound are equivalent sound pressure levels in decibels in one-third octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 12.5; 16; 20; 25; 31.5; 40; 50; 63; 80; 100 kHz, measured at a given time interval when the ultrasound source is operating.
6.2.2. The normalized parameters of contact ultrasound are the maximum values of the time-averaged peak-spatial intensity - Apia - of contact ultrasound propagating from a source in a water-like helium medium.
6.2.3. The maximum permissible sound pressure levels of air ultrasonics at workplaces are given in Table 6.1.
6.2.4. The maximum permissible levels of contact ultrasound at workplaces are given in Table 6.2.
6.3. Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
6.3.1. Measurement of sound pressure levels of airborne ultrasound should be carried out in the standardized frequency range with an upper limit frequency not lower than the operating frequency of the source.
6.3.2. Measurement of sound pressure levels of airborne ultrasound should be carried out under typical operating conditions of its sources, characterized by the highest intensity of generated ultrasonic vibrations.
6.3.3. Airborne ultrasound measurement points at workplaces should be located at a height of 1.5 m from the level of the base (floor, platform) at which work is performed with an ultrasonic source for any purpose in a standing position or at head level if work is performed in a sitting position, on at a distance of 5 cm from the ear and at a distance of at least 50 cm from the person taking the measurements.
6.3.4. To measure airborne ultrasound, you should use sound level meters-spectrum analyzers of at least class 1 according to the interstate standard 4 with one-third octave filters of at least class 1 according to the national standard of the Russian Federation 6, which provide measurement of sound pressure levels at the frequency of the ultrasonic source.
6.3.5. Determination of maximum intensity should be carried out according to
requirements of the national standard of the Russian Federation 6 measurements
acoustic pressure p upon contact of a piston-type hydrophone with the controlled surface of an ultrasonic emitter through a thin layer of lubricant (for example, ultrasonic gel), then approximating the dependence of I ip(a on p in the form 1^ = p 2 /dc, where d is the density of water and c - the speed of sound in it. As a secondary device, you can use voltmeters and oscilloscopes that have suitable characteristics.
6.4. Requirements to limit the adverse effects of ultrasound on
workplaces
6.4.1. Direct contact of a person with the working surface of the ultrasound source and with the contact medium during the excitation of ultrasonic vibrations in it is prohibited.
6.4.2. In order to avoid contact with ultrasound sources, it is necessary to use:
a) remote control of ultrasound sources;
b) automatic blocking, that is, automatic shutdown of ultrasound sources when performing auxiliary operations (loading and unloading products, linen, medical instruments, applying contact lubricants, and so on);
c) relative air humidity;
d) air speed;
e) intensity of thermal radiation.
2.2.2. Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria for the optimal thermal state of a person dressed in a set of clothes with thermal insulation of 1 clo in the cold season and 0.7-0.8 clo in the warm season. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during the work shift with minimal stress on the thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, and create the prerequisites for a high level of performance.
2.2.3. Acceptable microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the permissible thermal state of a person dressed in a set of clothes with thermal insulation of 1 clo in the cold season and 0.7-0.8 clo in the warm period of the year for the period of an 8-hour work shift. They do not cause damage or health problems, but can lead to general and/or local sensations of thermal discomfort, tension in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, deterioration of well-being and decreased performance.
2.2.4. The optimal values of microclimate parameters at workplaces in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year are given in Table 2.1.
2.2.5. Changes in air temperature in height from the floor level (0.1; 1.0; 1.5) m, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift while ensuring optimal microclimate values in the workplace should not exceed 2°C and go beyond the limits indicated in table 2.1 for individual categories of work.
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Table 2.1. Optimal values of microclimate parameters in industrial workplaces |
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2.2.6. The permissible values of microclimate parameters at workplaces in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year are given in Table 2.2.
2.2.7. When ensuring acceptable microclimate values at workplaces:
a) the difference in air temperature in height from the floor level (0.1; 1.0; 1.5) m should be no more than 3DC;
b) the horizontal air temperature difference, as well as its changes during the shift, should not exceed:
In this case, the air temperature values should not go beyond the values specified in Table 2.2 for certain categories of work.
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Table 2.2. Permissible values of microclimate parameters at workplaces of industrial premises |
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Notes At an air temperature of 25°C and above, the maximum values of relative air humidity should be taken in accordance with the requirements of clause 2.2.8. ** At air temperatures of 26-28° C, the speed of air movement in the warm season should be taken in accordance with the requirements of clause 2.2.9_ |
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2.2.8. When the air temperature in the workplace is 25 °C and above, the maximum permissible values of relative air humidity should not exceed the following limits:
a) 70% - at an air temperature of 25°C;
b) 65% - at an air temperature of 26°C;
c) 60% - at an air temperature of 27°C;
d) 55% - at an air temperature of 28°C.
2.2.9. At an air temperature of 26-28°C, the air speed indicated in Table 2.2 for the warm period of the year must correspond to the ranges:
a) 0.1-0.2 m/s - for work category 1a;
b) 0.1-0.3 m/s - for work category 16;
c) 0.2-0.4 m/s - for category of work Na;
d) 0.2-0.5 m/s - for work categories Ib and III.
2.2.10. When using special clothing to protect against harmful environmental factors, the materials of which impair the heat and mass transfer of the body with the environment (low air and vapor permeability<50дм 3 /м 2 и <40мг/м 2 ч соответственно, низкая гигроскопичность <7%), величины температуры воздуха, соответствующие верхней границе допустимых значений в теплый период года, должны быть снижены на 2°С.
2.2.11. The permissible values of the intensity of thermal irradiation of the body surface of workers in the workplace from production sources (materials, products, etc.) heated to a temperature of no more than 600°C are given in Table 2.3.
2.2.12. The permissible values of the intensity of thermal irradiation of the body surface working from radiation sources heated to a temperature of more than 600 ° C (hot or molten metal, glass, flame, etc.) should not exceed 140 W/m 2. In this case, more than 25% of the body surface should not be exposed to irradiation, with the mandatory use of personal protective equipment, including face and eye protection.
2.2.13. In the presence of thermal radiation of workers, the air temperature in the workplace should not exceed, depending on the category of work, the following values:
2.2.14. In industrial premises where acceptable standard values for microclimate parameters cannot be established due to technological requirements for the production process, microclimate conditions should be considered harmful and dangerous.
In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate, protective measures should be used aimed at normalizing the thermal state of the working body (working clothing, personal protective equipment, recreation rooms with standardized microclimate parameters, regulation of the time of continuous stay in an unfavorable microclimate).
2.2.15. To assess the combined impact of microclimate parameters in order to implement measures to protect workers from possible overheating, the THC index is used, the standard values of which are given in Table 2.4.
The algorithm for determining the TNS index is given in Appendix 2 to these SanPiNs.
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Table 2.4. Acceptable values of the TNS index |
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2.2.16. The duration of work within a work shift in microclimate conditions with air temperatures in workplaces above or below permissible values are given in Appendix 3 to these SanPiNs. |
2.2.17. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for microclimate parameters in industrial premises equipped with artificial cooling or radiant heating systems are given in Appendix 4 to these SanPiNs.
2.3. Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
2.3.1. Measurements of microclimate parameters in order to monitor their compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements are carried out as part of production control less than once a year.
During the cold period of the year, microclimate measurements should be performed at an outside air temperature of no higher than minus 5 °C. During the warm period of the year, microclimate measurements should be performed at an outside air temperature of at least 15 °C.
The assessment of microclimate parameters is carried out using the arithmetic average values of three measurements, which must not go beyond the regulatory requirements established by this SanPiN.
If there are complaints about microclimatic conditions, measurements of microclimate parameters in cold or warm periods of the year are carried out regardless of the outside air temperature. In this case, measurements of microclimate parameters should be carried out no less than 3 times per shift (at the beginning, middle and end).
2.3.2. When choosing areas and measurement times, it is necessary to take into account all factors affecting the microclimate of workplaces (phases of the technological process, functioning of ventilation and heating systems, and others).
2.3.3. Measurements should be carried out at workplaces. If the workplace consists of several sections of the production premises, then measurements are carried out at each of them.
2.3.4. In rooms, in the absence of sources of local heat release, cooling or moisture release, areas for measuring temperature, relative humidity and air velocity should be distributed evenly over the area of the room in accordance with Table 2.5.
2.3.5. When working while sitting, the temperature and air velocity should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.0 m, and the relative humidity at a height of 1.0 m from the floor or working platform. When working while standing, the temperature and speed of air movement should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.5 m, and the relative humidity of the air - at a height of 1.5 m. The measurement results are assessed based on the largest deviations from the values indicated in tables 2.1 and 2.2 of these SanPiN.
2.3.6. If there are multiple sources of thermal radiation, the intensity of thermal radiation in the workplace must be measured from all sources. Measurements should be carried out at a height of 0.5±0.05; 1.0±0.05 and 1.5±0.05 (m) from the floor or working platform. The intensity of thermal radiation is assessed by its maximum value.
2.3.7. The temperature of surfaces should be measured in cases where workplaces are no more than two meters away from them. The temperature of each surface is measured similarly to the requirements for air temperature measurement established in paragraph 2.3.5.
2.3.8. Temperature and relative humidity in the presence of sources of thermal radiation and air currents in the workplace should be measured
devices protected from direct influence of thermal radiation and flow of moving air.
III. NOISE AT WORKPLACES
3.1. General provisions
3.1.1. Based on the nature of the noise spectrum, the following are distinguished:
a) tonal noise, in the spectrum of which there are pronounced tones. The tonal nature of noise for practical purposes is established by measuring sound pressure levels in 1/3-octave frequency bands in the frequency range 25-10,000 Hz by exceeding the level in one of the 1/3-octave bands over neighboring ones by at least 10 dB or by exceeding the total level of two adjacent 1/3-octave bands, the levels of which differ by less than 3 dB, above the adjacent ones by at least 12 dB;
b) broadband noise that does not contain pronounced tones.
3.1.2. According to the temporal characteristics of noise there are:
a) constant noise, the sound level of which changes by no more than 5 dBA over an 8-hour working day or during the measurement time in the averaging mode of the sound level meter S (slow);
b) non-constant noise, the sound level of which changes by more than 5 dBA over an 8-hour working day, work shift or measurement time when measured with the averaging time constant of the sound level meter S (slowly);
c) impulse noise, consisting of one or more sound events, each lasting less than 1 s, and the sound levels Lp.Aimax and Lp.ASm”, measured respectively with time corrections 1 (impulse) and S (slow), differ by no less than by 7 dB.
3.1.3. The following terms and definitions are used in hygienic standards for noise in workplaces:
a) sound pressure level, T>, dB is ten decimal logarithms of the ratio of the square of the sound pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure equal to 20 μPa;
b) equivalent sound pressure level, C. count t, dB - these are ten decimal logarithms of the ratio of the square of the sound pressure to the square of the reference sound pressure at a given time interval;
c) sound level with frequency correction A (sound level A), dBA - ten decimal logarithms of the ratio of the square of the root mean square sound pressure, measured using the standardized frequency correction A, to the square of the reference sound pressure. To determine the nature of the noise, sound levels A are measured with time corrections S (slow, φ = 1 s) and I (pulse, φ = 40 ms);
d) equivalent sound level with frequency correction A (equivalent sound level A), Lp"Acq.T' dBA - ten decimal logarithms of the ratio of the square of the root-mean-square sound level A to the square of the reference sound pressure at a given time interval, which is calculated by the formula:
f) maximum sound level A, bp.lthe dBA - this is the highest value of the sound level measured at a given time interval with standard time correction;
g) the time correction function is a standard exponential function of time for the square of instantaneous sound pressure during the operation of averaging over time (according to the interstate standard) 4. Sound level meters use standard time corrections S (slow, φ ~ 1 s), F (fast, φ = 125 ms), I (pulse, φ = 40 ms). They are also called averaging time constants;
h) Peak C-weighted sound level (C-weighted sound level), Lp.cpeik, dBS is the ten decimal logarithms of the ratio of the square of the peak sound pressure measured using a standardized frequency weighting to the square of the reference sound pressure.
3.2. Standardized indicators and parameters
3.2.1. Standardized noise indicators in workplaces are 5.:
a) equivalent sound level A per work shift,
b) maximum sound levels A, measured with time corrections S and I,
c) peak sound level C.
Exceeding any normalized parameter is considered to be exceeding the maximum limit.
3.2.2. The standard equivalent sound level at workplaces (except for workplaces specified in clause 3.2.6) is 80 dBA.
3.2.3. Equivalent sound levels at workplaces, taking into account the intensity and severity of the labor process, are presented in Appendix 6 to these SanPiNs.
3.2.4. For shortened working hours (less than 40 hours per week), the maximum permissible levels apply without change.
3.2.5. The maximum sound levels A, measured with time corrections S and I, shall not exceed 110 dBA and 125 dBA, respectively. Peak sound level C should not exceed 137 dBS.
3.2.6. For certain sectors (sub-sectors) of the economy, an equivalent noise level in the workplace is allowed from 80 to 85 dBA, subject to confirmation of an acceptable risk to the health of workers based on the results of an assessment of the occupational risk to the health of workers, as well as the implementation of a set of measures aimed at minimizing risks to the health of workers.
1 For a work shift duration other than 8 hours, T 0 is taken to be equal to the actual duration of the work shift with a total work duration of 40 hours per week.
4 GOST 17187-2010 (IEC 61672-1:2002) “Sound level meters. Part 1. Technical requirements" GM.: Standardnform, 2012).
5 Sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies 31.5; 63; 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2,000; 4,000; 8,000 Hz are not standardized parameters; are considered as reference parameters that can be used for selecting PPE, developing preventive measures, resolving expert issues related to the connection of the disease with the profession, and so on; can be measured and reflected in the measurement protocol.
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If the noise level in the workplace exceeds 80 dBA, the employer must conduct an assessment of the risk to the health of workers and confirm the acceptable risk to the health of workers.
Work under conditions of exposure to equivalent noise levels above 85 dBA is not allowed.
When exposed to noise within the range of 80-85 dBA, the employer must minimize possible negative consequences by taking the following measures:
a) selection of working equipment with lower noise characteristics;
b) informing and training the worker in such modes of operation with equipment that ensures minimal levels of generated noise;
c) use of all necessary technical means (protective screens, casings, sound-absorbing coatings, insulation, shock absorption);
d) limiting the duration and intensity of exposure to acceptable risk levels;
e) carrying out production monitoring of vibroacoustic factors;
f) restricting access to work areas with a noise level of more than 80 dBA for workers not associated with the main technological process;
g) mandatory provision of personal hearing protection to workers;
h) annual medical examinations for persons exposed to noise above 80 dB.
33. Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
3.3.1. Measurements of noise levels are carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.3.2. Sound level measurements must be carried out with integrating or integrating-amplifying sound level meters of the 1st or 2nd accuracy class. To measure sound pressure levels, sound level meters must be equipped with octave and one-third octave filters of class 1 according to the national standard of the Russian Federation 6. Measuring instruments must be included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments.
IV. VIBRATION AT WORKPLACES
4.1. General provisions
4.1.1. According to the method of transmission per person, they are divided into:
1) general vibration transmitted to the body through supporting surfaces: for a standing person - through the feet, for a sitting person - through the buttocks, for a lying person - through the back and head;
2) local vibration transmitted through the hands, feet of a sitting person and to the forearms in contact with vibrating working surfaces.
4.1.2. According to the source of vibrations, they are distinguished:
1) local vibration transmitted to a person from hand-held power tools (with engines), manual controls of machines and equipment;
2) local vibration transmitted to a person from a manual
non-mechanized tools (for example, straightening hammers), fixtures and workpieces;
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crews of aircraft, self-propelled and trailed vehicles, vehicles when moving across terrain, agricultural land and roads (including during their construction). Sources of transport vibration include: agricultural and industrial tractors, self-propelled agricultural machines (including combines); trucks (including tractors, scrapers, graders, rollers, etc.); snow plows, self-propelled mining rail transport;
4) general vibration of category 2 - transport and technological vibration affecting a person at the workplace of machines moving on specially prepared surfaces of production premises, industrial sites, and mine workings. Sources of transport and technological vibration include: excavators (including rotary), industrial and construction cranes, machines for loading (charging) open-hearth furnaces in metallurgical production; mining combines, mine loading machines, self-propelled drilling carriages; track machines, concrete pavers, floor-mounted production vehicles;
5) general vibration of category 3 - technological vibration affecting a person at workplaces of stationary machines or transmitted to workplaces that do not have sources of vibration. Sources of technological vibration include: metal and woodworking machines, forging and pressing equipment, foundry machines, electrical machines, stationary electrical and power plants, pumping units and fans, equipment for drilling wells, drilling rigs, machines for livestock farming, grain cleaning and sorting (including dryers), equipment for the construction materials industry (except for concrete pavers), installations for the chemical and petrochemical industries and other equipment.
1) at permanent workplaces of industrial premises of enterprises;
2) in workplaces in warehouses, canteens, utility rooms, duty rooms and other industrial premises where there are no machines that generate vibration;
3) at workplaces in plant management premises, design bureaus, laboratories, training centers, computer centers, health centers, office premises, workrooms and other premises for mental workers.
4.1.3. The following terms and definitions are used in the hygienic regulation of vibration at workplaces:
a) corrected vibration acceleration, a", m-s" 2 - the value of vibration acceleration measured using standardized frequency correction;
b) adjusted level of vibration acceleration, L 7 w, dB - ten decimal logarithms of the ratio of the square of the corrected acceleration to the square of the reference value of vibration acceleration, equal to 10" 6 m-s" 2;
c) equivalent vibration acceleration - the root mean square value of acceleration at a given time interval.
The equivalent corrected vibration acceleration per work shift, A(8), m-s” 2 is determined by the formula:
Go - standard duration of a work shift (8 hours) 4;
Ti is the duration of the i"-th interval of vibration exposure, h;
Qw.Ti - equivalent (rms) value of correlated vibration acceleration, measured at the i"-th interval of vibration exposure, m-s” 2;
GOST R 54500.1-2011 / ISO/IEC Guide 98-1:2009 “Measurement uncertainty. Introduction to the Guide to Measurement Uncertainty" (M.: Sgandarginform, 2012), GOST R ISO 10576-1 - 2006 "Guide to assessing compliance with established requirements" (M.: Standartinform, 2006; IMS, No. 7, 2011).
The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, floors), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or devices enclosing it, is taken into account.
GOST ISO 8041 -2006 “Vibration. Impact of vibration on humans. Measuring instruments" (M.: Standartinform. 2008; IUS, .4" 7,2009; IUS, No. 2,2016).
GOST R 8.714-2010
If the duration of the work shift is different from 8 hours, T 0 is taken equal to the actual duration of the work shift with a total work duration of 40 hours per week.
GOST R IEC 61161-2009 GSI “Ultrasound power in liquids. General requirements for measurement techniques in the frequency range from 0.5 to 25 MHz" (M.: Standartinform, 2010).
GOST R 8.714-2010 (IEC 61260:1995) “Octave and sub-octave bandpass filters. Technical requirements and test methods" (M.: Standartinform, 2012).
FEDERAL SERVICE FOR SUPERVISION IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION
CONSUMER RIGHTS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING
CHIEF STATE SANITARY DOCTOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ON APPROVAL OF SANPIN 2.2.4.3359-16
"SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PHYSICAL
FACTORS IN THE WORKPLACE"
In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, Art. 1650; 2002, N 1 (Part 1), Art. 2; 2003, N 2, article 167; N 27 (part 1), article 2700; 2004, N 35, article 3607; 2005, N 19, article 1752; 2006, N 1, article 10; N 52 (Part 1), Article 5498; 2007 N 1 (Part 1), Article 21; N 1 (Part 1), Article 29; N 27, Article 3213; N 46, Article 5554; N 49, Article 6070; 2008, N 24, Article 2801; N 29 (Part 1), Article 3418; N 30 (Part 2), Article 3616; N 44, Article 4984; N 52 (Part 1), Article 6223; 2009, N 1, Article 17; 2010, N 40, Article 4969; 2011, N 1, Article 6; N 30 (Part 1), Article 4563; N 30 (Part 1), Article 4590; N 30 (part 1), Article 4591; N 30 (Part 1), Article 4596; N 50, Article 7359; 2012, N 24, Article 3069; N 26 , Article 3446; 2013, N 27, Article 3477; N 30 (part 1), Article 4079; N 48, Article 6165; 2014, N 26 (Part I), Article 3366, Article 3377 ; 2015, N 1 (part I), article 11; N 27, article 3951; N 29 (part I), article 4339; N 29 (part I), article 4359; N 48 (part 1), Art. 6724) and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 N 554 “On approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295; 2004, N 8, art. 663; N 47, art. 4666; 2005, N 39, art. 3953) I decree:
1. Approve sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace” (appendix).
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 “Electromagnetic fields in industrial conditions”, approved by Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 02/19/2003 N 10 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 03/04/2003, registration number 4249);
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.2490-09 "Changes No. 1 to SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 "Electromagnetic fields in industrial conditions", approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 03/02/2009 N 13 (registered Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation 04/09/2009, registration number 13725);
Appendix 3 to the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03 "Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work", approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 06/03/2003 N 118 (registered by the Ministry Justice of the Russian Federation 06/10/2003, registration number 4673).
3. Introduce sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace” from January 1, 2017.
The federal mechanism for compliance with labor safety is implemented in SanPiN 2.2 4.3359 16, which regulated the standards for the conditions of the work process and ensuring the protection of the working environment. In addition to legal acts at the federal level, the regulation of key parameters of labor protection is carried out through the adoption of sanitary and epidemiological standards and rules.
At the moment, new standards are subject to application that significantly change the list of requirements for permissible factors in the field of production activities, as well as for methods and means of measurement, control and preventive measures to identify indicators of a negative impact on the health of citizens.
From the beginning of 2017, the Decree of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016 No. 81 is subject to application. This act approved the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules SanPiN 2.2 4.3359 16, which are recognized as a single fundamental document for determining a number of standards and parameters of the labor process that are subject to control by measuring objective work factors citizens.
The use of these rules is recognized as mandatory for individuals and enterprises involved in the field of labor relations.
This document formed a set of standards and methods for measuring the following indicators:
- microclimate factors at the site of the labor process;
- spectral and temporal standards for permissible noise levels, including infrasound, airborne and contact ultrasound;
- production vibration standards;
- indicators and standards of magnetic, electromagnetic and electric radiation fields;
- laser and ultraviolet radiation factors and standards;
- maximum permissible levels of lighting during the labor process.
As the basic principle for carrying out control and measurement activities to identify factors affecting the health of citizens, maximum permissible levels are established for each category of negative factors, based on the standard duration of a work shift of 8 hours, and a working week of no more than 40 hours. Such maximum levels should not have a negative impact on health not only during the current employment relationship, but also in future life spans.
SanPin 2 2 4 3359 16 summarized and systematized the norms and requirements of a number of independent rules and regulations used by employers when assessing working conditions.
Despite an attempt to streamline the activities of organizations and entrepreneurs providing services in the field of safety and labor protection of citizens, this document significantly changes the requirements for the procedure for carrying out control activities, as well as for methods of acceptable measurements of labor factors.
The requirements of these rules apply to all types of facilities, including those being designed or put into operation.
Download Sanpin on occupational safety
Changes in standardization of labor activity factors
For almost every category of parameters and factors regulated by SanPiN 3359 16, serious changes have occurred that directly affect the order of their measurement.
Since January 2017, a rule has been established on assessing the actual level of physical factors, taking into account measurement uncertainty. The document itself contains only a general description of this measurement method, while the accuracy parameters are not given in the text of the resolution and the profile GOST R 54500.1-2011.
In addition, there is no unambiguous definition of the specific parameters to which this measurement method is applicable. It is obvious that this provision of SanPiN is subject to detailed regulation in subsequent methodological recommendations for its application.
The regulated noise factors in production are brought into compliance with the current standards for measuring instruments, and the standard itself contains definitions of labor factors in the following positions:
- equivalent A-adjusted sound level for a standard work shift installed at the enterprise;
- maximum sound levels assessed by the “slow” and “impulse” characteristics;
- peak sound level in the workplace.
In addition, the measurement of sound pressure parameters of constant noise for a production environment is excluded from the list of standards. Constant and intermittent noise factors are subject to rationing according to a similar scheme, and the procedure itself allows the use of only criteria for the intensity and severity of work activity.
The rules on the maximum noise level in SanPiN 3359, which prohibit recruitment to work, are brought into line with international standards, and special factors for the noise characteristics of ventilation systems are excluded from the list of standards.
The following indicators are excluded from the requirements for determining vibration parameters in the workplace:
- vibration speed standards;
- separate regulation of general vibration in certain frequency bands was canceled with the introduction of SanPiN.
The meaning of the parameters for the types of frequency corrections is formulated in accordance with GOST indicators, and the introduced concept of the maximum current acceleration value will be detailed in subsequent guidelines.
In terms of standardized factors, a new principle for determining the level of infrasound is regulated, which eliminates the discrepancy between the standards of measuring instruments and the requirements of rules and regulations. Also, measuring the level of infrasound is now provided not only for stationary production conditions, but also for vehicles.
New rules and regulations - new problems
Significant changes in a number of measurement parameters in the new SanPiN create certain problems for business entities accredited to provide services in the field of labor protection. In particular, the vast majority of electromagnetic field meters that comply with the established federal GOSTs are completely or partially unable to provide the appropriate level of control measurements.
If control measurements of electric or magnetic field levels are to be made, the practical use of many accredited instruments is completely or partially precluded.
To update the instrumentation and hardware base to the required SanPiN indicators, it is necessary to carry out their official accreditation in the prescribed manner, the period of which is 90 days. Re-equipment with radiation meters will require not only additional costs for business entities, but also significant time costs for approval of documentation for new equipment in the Federal Accreditation Service.
Many norms and requirements of the new SanPin are formulated only in general concepts and characteristics, which creates uncertainty in their practical application. However, the general focus of the new rules and regulations on bringing them into line with international labor safety standards will ensure a new level of compliance with labor safety rules.
I General provisions and scopeII Microclimate at work places
2.1 General provisions
2.2 Standardized indicators and parameters
2.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
III Noise at work places
3.1 General provisions
3.2 Standardized indicators and parameters
3.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
IV Vibration in workplaces
4.1 General provisions
4.2 Standardized indicators and parameters
4.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
V Infrasound in the workplace
5.1 General provisions
5.2 Standardized indicators and parameters
5.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
5.4 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for protection from infrasound
VI Air and contact ultrasound in workplaces
6.1 General provisions
6.2 Standardized indicators and parameters
6.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
6.4 Requirements to limit the adverse effects of ultrasound in the workplace
VII Electric, magnetic, electromagnetic fields in the workplace
7.1 General provisions
7.2 Standardized indicators and parameters
7.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
VIII Laser radiation in workplaces
8.1 General provisions
8.2 Standardized indicators and parameters
8.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
8.4. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for laser radiation sources, requirements for personnel, as well as for signs and inscriptions
IX Ultraviolet radiation
9.1 General provisions
9.2 Standardized indicators and parameters
9.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
X Lighting in workplaces
10.1 General provisions
10.2 Standardized indicators and parameters of illumination in the workplace
10.3 Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring parameters
Appendix 1. Characteristics of individual categories of work
Appendix 2. Algorithm for determining the THC index
Appendix 3. Duration of work when the air temperature in the workplace is above or below permissible values
Appendix 4. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for microclimate parameters in industrial premises equipped with artificial cooling or radiant heating systems
Appendix 5. Assessment of the microclimate at workplaces located in open areas in various climatic zones (regions) of the Russian Federation
Appendix 6. Equivalent sound levels at workplaces for work activities of different categories of intensity and severity, dBA*
Appendix 7. Direction of axes when measuring vibration
Appendix 8. Rules for determining maximum permissible levels when the eyes and skin are simultaneously exposed to laser radiation of different wavelengths
Appendix 9. Requirements for workplace lighting
Appendix 10. Groups of administrative districts by light climate resources
Appendix 11. Standardization and organization of control of the level of geomagnetic field attenuation
Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016 N 81
"On approval of SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace"
SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 “Electromagnetic fields in industrial conditions”, approved by Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 02/19/2003 N 10 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 03/04/2003, registration number 4249);
Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.2490-09 "Changes No. 1 to SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 "Electromagnetic fields in industrial conditions", approved # by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 03/02/2009 N 13 ( registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 04/09/2009, registration number 13725);
- Appendix 3 to the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03 “Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work”, approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 06/03/2003 N 118 (registered Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation 06/10/2003, registration number 4673).
3. Introduce sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace” from January 1, 2017.
|
A.Yu. Popova |
Registration N 43153
New sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace” have been approved. They come into force on January 1, 2017.
Requirements have been established for physical factors of a non-ionizing nature in the workplace and the sources of these physical factors, as well as requirements for the organization of control, methods for measuring them in the workplace and measures to prevent the harmful effects of such factors on the health of workers.
SanPiN is mandatory for compliance by citizens in labor relations, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities in Russia. Their effect does not apply to the working conditions of divers, astronauts, conditions for performing emergency rescue operations or combat missions.
Hygienic standards for the impact of physical factors in the working environment are defined as maximum permissible levels of factors that, during daily (except weekends) work for 8 hours, but not more than 40 hours per week, during the entire working period, do not cause diseases or deviations in condition health detected by modern research methods.
The frequency of production control over compliance with hygienic standards for the levels of physical factors specified in SanPiN is determined based on the characteristics of the technological process and production equipment, the materials and raw materials used, the results of previously conducted studies (tests) and measurements of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, as well as employee proposals.
Issues related to microclimate have been resolved; noise; vibrations; infrasound; contact and air ultrasound; electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields; laser and ultraviolet radiation and lighting in workplaces.
From January 1, 2017, SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 “Electromagnetic fields in industrial conditions” and the methodology for instrumental monitoring and hygienic assessment of the levels of electromagnetic fields in the workplace (Appendix No. 3 to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03) are no longer in force. .
Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016 N 81 “On approval of SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in the workplace”
Registration N 43153
This resolution comes into force 10 days after the day of its official publication
SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16, approved by this resolution, will come into force on January 1, 2017.
