Industrialists are frosty. Morozovs (merchant family)

Stolyarov S.P.

This article is written on the 100th anniversary of the death of Savva Timofeevich Morozov, a representative of the well-known Russian dynasty of industrial entrepreneurs who, over 120 years of history, rose from serfs to the Olympus of business success, became the richest people in the Russian Empire, public figures and patrons who professed principle: "The good of the Fatherland is our good." The most prominent representative of the Morozov dynasty was Savva Timofeevich, a graduate of two universities (Moscow and Cambridge), governor of the Russian merchants, a connoisseur of art, a great patriot of Russia.

Introduction.

The fundamental socio-economic transformations in Russia that began in the last decade of the 20th century were proclaimed under the slogan of improving the well-being of the Russian people. To do this, according to the liberals-young reformers, it was enough to break the planned economy and introduce market relations in all spheres of the national economy of the country.

Russia, the largest country in the world in terms of territory, with the richest natural resources, with a huge scientific, intellectual and labor potential, according to Western consultants-economists, primarily American ones, was subjected to a peculiar and cruel surgical operation - "shock therapy", then voucher privatization . The state was deprived overnight of property, it was withdrawn from economic management by 70%, the national wealth of the country decreased by more than 6 times. The social sphere has sharply narrowed: more than 80 million of the country's population has fallen below the poverty line. At the same time, about 2% of the population began to possess colossal billions of dollars. The number of billions over the past 5 years has increased 15 times. And all this was done under the guise of supposedly rational and effective postulates of American management.

The US has only two centuries of history, while Russia has more than a thousand years of history.

In modern conditions of attempts to create an effective market economy, a socially just economy, we, unfortunately, forget the richest traditions of Russian entrepreneurship, which has more than a thousand years of experience.

Only relying on entrepreneurship and private initiative, the Russian state was able to master the vast expanses of our country.

The political development of gigantic territories, carried out by the Russian state, took place in parallel with their economic development by Russian entrepreneurs, hard selfless work.

In 1918, entrepreneurship was banned on pain of death. The most important element of economic development was withdrawn from Russian life. In a few years, a layer of people-entrepreneurs was eliminated - professional organizers of the Russian economy, whom Russia has nurtured and given birth to for centuries. In 1920, more than 100 thousand entrepreneurs were physically exterminated or found themselves in forced emigration.

In the following decades, until recent years, entrepreneurship was legally regarded as a criminal offense.

The origins of Russian entrepreneurship.

Ancient Russia was called the country of cities: under Prince Vladimir there were 25 of them, before the invasion of the Horde - 271, in the reign of Ivan the Terrible - 715, under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich - 923.

Among them were very large cities at that time. It is no coincidence that Paris of the 11th century seemed to the Russian princess Anna to be a large village, several centuries later, the Englishman R. Chancellor noted in 1554 that Moscow was larger than London.

It was the cities that became the stronghold of the development of entrepreneurship, storage places in which masses of goods were concentrated, distributed both throughout the country and abroad.

Numerous trade and trade settlements arose around the cities. Merchants and other "industrialists" of that time used to come here for trade, or, as they called it then, "guests". These places are named churchyards(from the word "guest"). Later, after the adoption of Christianity, churches and cemeteries began to be built in these places. In the cellars of churches, the inventory necessary for trade (scales, measures) was stored, goods were stacked, and trade agreements were also kept. For this, the clergy charged merchants a special fee.

Merchants and entrepreneurs in Ancient Russia were not singled out as a separate class. All strata of society (including princes and boyars) took part in entrepreneurship.

The first set of laws "Russian Truth" was imbued with the spirit of entrepreneurship.

The successful growth of entrepreneurial activity in Ancient Russia is confirmed by the wide development of credit relations.

As far back as the 15th century, Russian merchants were doing a lot of trade with other countries: Lithuania, Persia, Khiva, Bukhara. The scale of Russian trade amazed foreigners who visited our country in the 17th century.

The development of entrepreneurship in Russia was largely successive. 43 percent of all merchant families have been engaged in trade and business activities for 100 to 200 years, and almost 25 percent for 200 or more years.

Of all the merchants who survived until 1917, most had entrepreneurial roots in the 17th century, or even deeper.

In the 18th century, Peter the Great staked on the use of the creative initiative and independence of the Russian entrepreneur and worker. He created favorable conditions for the realization of the best Russian qualities and was not mistaken. Ceteris paribus, Tsar Peter preferred domestic specialists and for this purpose sent them to study abroad. Peter the Great for the first time opened a wide road for industrial entrepreneurship, people from the lower classes, the so-called "folk" crafts and handicrafts of Moscow Russia.

That is why so many former blacksmiths and all sorts of "drudges" turned out to be at the head of Peter's factories and manufactories.

It is quite characteristic that most of the Russian entrepreneurs of the Petrine era, as in a later period, came from peasants or townspeople, while in Western European countries they came from nobles. And these are, first of all, the most prominent names of Russian entrepreneurs - the Morozovs, the Zimins, the Ryabushskys, the Prokhorovs, the Demidovs, the Shorygins, the Bardygins and others.

Behind each of these entrepreneurs - the organization of huge industries that supplied tens, if not hundreds of thousands of people in Russia and abroad with their products.

Private entrepreneurs received interest-free loans to set up factories and factories; they were supplied with tools and implements of production; released from public service; provided temporary exemptions from taxes and duties, duty-free importation of machines and tools from abroad; provided guaranteed state orders.

Support for popular initiative and enterprise in the 18th century followed the path of abolishing restrictions. If under Peter I there were still some restrictions and freedom of trade was hampered, then already under Catherine II the need to obtain "permissive decrees for the opening of a new enterprise and the construction of all kinds of industrial establishments was declared completely free for everyone."

Such a reasonable and fruitful state policy pursued in Russia in relation to entrepreneurs is a severe reproach for our modern rulers, who, with sophisticated bureaucratic laws and methods, not only slow down, but also stifle the development of small businesses and the creation of a middle class in our country.

At the same time, colossal economic damage is inflicted on our state. Suffice it to say that at present in the economy of each country abroad, 70-90% are small enterprises that provide jobs for more than 60 percent of the population and annually contribute more than 50 percent to GDP.

In modern Russia, small businesses make up only 10-12% and their share in GDP is less than 15%.

The reliance on the best qualities of the Russian entrepreneur and worker, the use of initiative and entrepreneurial spirit have produced amazing results in Russia, which can rightfully be called an industrial revolution.

The number of industrial enterprises in the 18th century alone increased 10-12 times.

According to a number of economic indicators, Russia has reached the most advanced frontiers. First of all, this applied to the metallurgical industry.

The Morozov dynasty as a mirror Russian entrepreneurship.

The Morozov family of Old Believers became a symbol of Russian entrepreneurship in the 19th century. The ancestor of the family Savva Vasilyevich Morozov (1770-1862), a serf landowner N.G. Ryumin, went a long way from a shepherd, cab driver, hired weaver at the Konovalov factory to the owner of his own silk weaving establishment in the village of Zuevo, Bogorodsk district in 1797.

For modern Russia, which is transitioning to the principles of a market economy, the effective experience of Russian industrialists-entrepreneurs, based on the best national Russian traditions, is of extremely important interest. And first of all, this applies to the activities of the Morozov dynasty, which are a mirror of Russian entrepreneurship. It is very important for modern youth, future specialists, whose market mentality is formed in secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, to know the history, the roots of national entrepreneurship. After all, the simple truth is known that knowledge of history and the past helps a person to appreciate the present and see the prospects for the future.

For us, a team of teachers and students of the first in Russia state Orekhovo-Zuevsky Business College, named after the great patriot, outstanding industrialist-entrepreneur, public figure and philanthropist Savva Timofeevich Morozov, it is especially important to know the process of formation of Russian management during the long-term activity of the Morozov dynasty.

After all, the economic activity of the Morozovs was practically not studied by both domestic and foreign specialists.

The literary assessments and characteristics available for this period are of a superficial, non-systemic nature. They do not provide a real economic analysis of the multifaceted activities and commercial results of the Morozovs' entrepreneurial activity.

The initial period of the history of the Morozovs from 1797 to the first half of the 19th century generally belongs to the field of family traditions.

And only the period of activity of the Morozov firm from 1873 to 1916. enough to fully meet the modern requirements of economic microanalysis.

The founder of the family company, Savva Vasilievich Morozov, in 1820, together with his sons (Elisei, Zakhar, Abram and Ivan), was redeemed from the serfs to freedom for huge money at that time - 17 thousand rubles. The youngest son Timofey, the father of Savva Timofeevich Morozov, was born already a free non-serf man. In the 1820-1840s, the Morozovs created four cotton factories, which were already estimated at 200-300 thousand rubles. In the second half of the 19th century, factories grew into four huge firms: Savva Morozov's Association of Savva Morozov's Manufactory, Son and Co., Vikula Morozov's Manufactory Association with Sons in the town of Nikolskoye, and Bogorodsko-Glukhovskaya Manufactory of Paper Products. Before the revolution of 1917, the equity capital of the Morozov family was already more than 110 million rubles. The Morozovs' enterprises employed 54,000 workers, who annually produced products worth about 100 million rubles. In terms of industrial potential at that time, Orekhovo-Zuevo ranked third after Moscow and St. Petersburg.

In 1830, on the banks of the Klyazma, which territorially belonged to the Vladimir province, S.V. Morozov completed the construction of a goods and finishing factory with hand weaving. With it, in fact, the history of the Nikolskaya manufactory begins, the name of which appeared a little later.

In the middle of the 19th century, S.V. Morozov became the largest producer of paper yarn in Russia.

In the town of Novo-Zuevo, later called Nikolskoye, two factories settled, which belonged to different Morozov firms. Contemporaries predicted a bright future for them.

In the early 1850s, due to his advanced years, Savva Vasilievich (he was already over 80 years old) transferred all the functions of organizing and managing production and trade to his youngest son Timofey, who was 27 years old.

In 1871 T.S. Morozov renamed the family firm into the trading house "Savva Morozov's son and Co." From that moment on, he becomes the main owner of this enterprise.

The Nikolskaya manufactory was one of the enterprises whose production was constantly expanding. Simultaneously with the growth of the fixed assets of the Nikolskaya manufactory, there was a constant increase in the working capital of the company.

General growth index for the period 1882. to 1911 amounted to 313%. At the same time, the number of workers decreased by 1.7 times. According to the results of economic activity, the Partnership of the Nikolskaya Manufactory turned out to be one of the most successful for the entire period of industrial upsurge at the end of the 19th century. After the crisis of the early 1880s. and the protracted depression that followed, which engulfed the economy of the Russian Empire, already in 1886. with the arrival of Savva Timofeevich Morozov to the management of the company, the situation begins to improve.

Russian Orthodox folk ethics, which still has pre-Christian roots, created an atmosphere of reverence for the ideals of goodness, soul, justice, truth and non-acquisitiveness. Its essence was the predominance of spiritual and qualitative motives of life behavior over material ones.

Work in the Orthodox ethics of a Russian person is an unconditional virtue, the fulfillment of which is the highest pleasure in life.

The main thing is that such an attitude to their work was typical for Russian entrepreneurs. And not without reason the most prominent Russian entrepreneurs of the XIX - XX centuries. came from the Old Believers, who largely managed to preserve the ideals and traditions of Holy Russia. These ideals and the life principles embedded in them contributed to the creation of giant family firms of the Old Believers Morozov and Ryabushinsky.

Everything that has come down to our times is associated with a specific restructuring of the Russian industrial potential of the late 19th century - early 20th century...

In Russia, there was a feeling of uplift, creative enthusiasm.

In terms of growth in industrial output and in terms of labor productivity growth, Russia came out on top in the world, ahead of the rapidly developing United States. For 1880-1910. Russia's industrial output growth rate exceeded 9% per year. Trade and catering in Russia were among the most developed in the world.

Such were the fruits of Russian entrepreneurship, which promised a great harvest in the future. On the basis of an analysis of the dynamics of Russia's development, the French economist E. Terry confidently predicted: "By the middle of the current twentieth century, Russia will dominate Europe both politically and economically and financially."

Among the galaxy of Russian entrepreneurs who made a significant contribution to the development of the Russian economy at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, a special role belongs to the Morozov dynasty.

The history of the Morozovs is the history of the transformation of self-taught serfs into highly skilled businessmen, true intellectuals and refined connoisseurs of the arts.

In the harsh and difficult Russian conditions, characterized by an almost complete lack of legal protection, the Morozovs, with their daily work, entrepreneurial acumen and enormous intellectual exertion, created gigantic for those times, at a high technical level, their enterprises, participated in the construction of railways, the establishment of banks, in the economic development outskirts of Russia. Along with this, as true patriots of their Fatherland, they became famous for their charitable deeds, the creation of theaters, outstanding museum collections, educational institutions, hospitals, churches, almshouses.

The history of the Morozovs as an entrepreneurial dynasty, their history of entrepreneurial and social activities can serve as a kind of model for the subject study of the history of entrepreneurship in Russia that has begun.

An outstanding industrialist-entrepreneur and patriot of Russia - Savva Timofeevich Morozov.

Savva Timofeevich Morozov (1862-1905) was undoubtedly the most outstanding, brightest personality in this remarkable Morozov family. and charitable activities of a large family.

Just a listing of the titles of S.T. Morozov characterizes his multifaceted and active work at the turn of two centuries of Russian history: manufactory adviser, hereditary honorary citizen, merchant of the first guild, managing director of the Association of the Nikolskaya manufactory "Savva Morozov son and Co", member of the Moscow branch of the Council of Trade and Manufactories, chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod trade fair committee, founder of the Russian-German chemical JSC "S.T. Morozov, Krell and Ottoman", founder of the Russian Trade and Industrial Bank, the largest shareholder and patron of the Moscow Art Theater, holder of two highest orders of Russia (St. Anna 3rd degree and St. Anna of the 2nd degree, the motto of which sounded: "To those who love the truth, piety, fidelity, and gave the right to personal nobility."

At 29, T.S. Morozov became elected to the Moscow Exchange Society, "the most significant, most influential representative organization of trade and industry in Moscow and throughout Russia." Immediately after his election to this position, he became a man who moved the issue of establishing closer trade relations between Russia and the Balkan countries. During the reign of S.T. Morozov Nikolskaya manufactory Orekhovo-Zuyevo became the third center in Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg in terms of concentration of industrial potential.

S.T. Morozov, who stood out for his strength of mind, high education and erudition, firmness of life views, business enterprise and inexhaustible energy, could successfully manage at the age of 24 such an industrial colossus as the Nikolskaya manufactory, which employed more than 30 thousand workers and employees. He was the leader of the merchants and industrialists of Russia ("Merchant Governor"), chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair Committee, which allowed him to exert a great influence on the industrial development of Russia: to provide real material support and assistance in the spiritual and moral development of Russia: to solve specific issues of social cooperation between entrepreneurs and workers; develop state projects for the development of health care and education of the people. Savva Morozov, the thirty-year-old chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair Committee, clearly showed his broad views and state foresight in 1896 in his speeches at official ceremonies.

In terms of the pace of industrial development in the last decade of the 19th century, Russia overtook all the countries of Europe and was on a par with the United States.

It was at the trade and industrial congress that the outstanding qualities of Savva Morozov as a subtle politician, an industrialist on a state scale, who from his colleagues intended to educate the third estate, like the French bourgeoisie, manifested themselves with particular force.

S. Morozov said: “I am firmly convinced of one thing: the commercial and industrial estate in Russia is strong not only with its powerful, but also with the mind. Not only with capital, but also with the mind ... One misfortune is that there is little culture! dignity, class solidarity!..."

A pupil of two universities (Moscow and Cambridge), a man of broad erudition, a connoisseur of art, Savva Timofeevich Morozov philosophically critically perceived the Russian reality around him, saw the deep social contradictions and abominations of Russian life, but believed in both talent and the spiritual potential of the Russian people.

Savva Morozov surprised Maxim Gorky with the boundless respect of the Russian people: “You can consider me sentimental, insincere - your business. But I love the people ... I love the people not the way you writers write about it, but simple physiological love, as people sometimes love his family, sisters, brothers. Our people are amazingly talented! Amazing talent has always helped us out, helps us out and will help us out. I see that he is lazy, dying from drunkenness, syphilis and, mainly, from the fact that he is not taught to work. And he is talented amazing. It takes very little for the Russians to get wiser."

The responsibilities of Savva Timofeevich Morozov included issues of social policy, which our modern oligarchs do not even think about. Constant attention to the life of workers, knowledge of their needs and aspirations allowed the Morozovs to maintain a calm environment for a long time, saving production from unnecessary shocks. Savva Timofeevich believed that the success of the company was created by the hands of the workers. He was sure that the successful growth of industry and the people's well-being depended on the conditions of life in the factory, and the strength and power of the state and its industry lies in the enlightenment of ordinary people. Therefore, Savva Timofeevich considered it his duty as a manufacturer to create the necessary conditions for high-quality work, to give workers the opportunity to receive education and improve their skills, to do everything necessary to create a comfortable life and good rest.

Not once in all 18 years of work as director of the board Savva Timofeevich has not compromised these rules.

February 9, 1905 S.T. Morozov, based on fresh impressions of the events of Bloody Sunday on January 9, 1905, at a meeting of the Board of the Association of the Nikolskaya Manufactory, made a statement on a working issue, which was planned to be submitted to the Committee of Ministers. But the board members did not support the statement of Savva Timofeevich and refused to sign. However, he, as director of the board and head of factories, was given the right to submit a memorandum with his signature.

In the conclusion presented by S.T. Morozov of the document states, in particular: “It is necessary to introduce universal compulsory education with the expansion of the program of existing public schools and the establishment of a simplified procedure for opening all kinds of educational institutions, libraries, reading rooms, educational institutions, societies, because the education of the people is the strength and power of the state and its industry (as it modernly echoes Decree No. 1 of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Priority of Education", unfortunately not implemented in Russia, with complex and negative consequences ensuing in the future).

At the All-Russian Industrial Exhibition and Fair in Nizhny Novgorod, the chairman of the fair committee, S.T. Morozova, delivered a speech in which there were words that sounded like a testament to posterity: “I see Russia as a huge accumulation of potential energy, which is time to turn into kinetic energy. It’s time. the Russian land and the generously gifted Russian people should not be tributaries of a foreign treasury and a foreign people ... Russia, thanks to its natural wealth, thanks to the exceptional sharpness of its population, thanks to the rare endurance of its worker, can and should be one of the first industrial countries in Europe " .

Conclusion.

In the prime of his creative powers May 26, 1905. (May 13, old style) the life of Savva Timofeevich Morozov ended in Cannes (France). However, the outstanding accomplishments of one of the brightest representatives of Russian entrepreneurship did not go unnoticed.

All this multifaceted humane and enlightened activity, which was based on the principle "The good of the Fatherland is our good", is a vivid example of the social responsibility of our countrymen, great patriots, industrial entrepreneurs Morozovs to their people.

The concrete embodiment in our modern life of the principles of socially-oriented management of the Morozov dynasty and their further development is the implementation of the large-scale national program of the Academy of Management and Market "Morozov project", which provides for the training of a "critical" mass of specialists of new market thinking in the amount of 3 million people.

This project provided for the creation in the regions of Russia of about 100 training and business centers (UCCs), which should train personnel for the development of small business. The mission of the Morozov project was to ensure the economic and spiritual development of the regions of Russia.

Among the first, a regional educational and business center "SAVVA" was created on the basis of the first in Russia state Business College in the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo, in the homeland of the Morozov dynasty.

At present, a multi-profile and multi-level business education center has been formed here, including:

1. School of a young manager (training of high school students from schools in Orekhovo-Zuyevo).

2. Business College (secondary special education).

3. Branch of the Moscow International Higher School of Business - MIRBIS Institute (higher education).

4. Regional training and business center "SAVVA" of the Morozov project (postgraduate education).

The dynamics of the development of our educational institution from an ordinary technical school to the first in Russia state Business College and the regional educational and business center "SAVVA" is a typical reflection of the implementation of the Morozov project, which is a unique phenomenon in the reform of the Russian economic system both in terms of efficiency, efficiency, national spirit, and moral, ethical and socio-economic positive consequences of the revival of the Russian people.

Following the traditions of S.T. Morozov, the staff of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky Business College systematically provides all possible charitable assistance to city and district secondary schools, sports and cultural organizations, the regional historical and local history society "Radunitsa", in carrying out restoration work on the family burial of the Morozov dynasty on Rogozhsky cemetery in Moscow.

The active and fruitful work of the Business College staff over the years to develop business education, educate young people and promote the best traditions of Russian entrepreneurship was highly appreciated. Governor of the Moscow Region B.V. Gromov Decree No. 64-PG dated April 19, 2004 in order to perpetuate the memory of our fellow countryman, an outstanding Russian industrialist-entrepreneur, public figure and philanthropist Savva Timofeevich Morozov, he named the Orekhovo-Zeuvsky State Business College after him. This is a high assessment of the work of our team for 60 years of its fruitful activity. May 28, 2004 Our team at their own expense erected the first memorial wall in Russia near the Business College building, on which a granite plaque with a portrait of Savva Timofeevich Morozov with the inscription:

"Name the Orekhovo-Zuyevsky Business College after SAVVA MOROZOV.

Governor of the Moscow Region B.V. Gromov"

And below is the motto of the Morozov dynasty:

"The good of the Fatherland is our good."

The greeting of the President of the Academy of Management and Market, Professor V.P. Groshev says:

"Today the Business College and Training and Business Center "SAVVA" is one of the most reputable training centers for business education in the Russian Federation.

The intellectual charge that you transfer to students and listeners is a weighty proof of the ability of the Educational and Business Center "SAVVA" not only to keep pace with the times, but also to be at the forefront of solving important socio-economic problems."

Such a high appraisal of the activities of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky Business College named after Savva Morozov and UDC "SAVVA" inspires our team and is a powerful incentive to improve the efficiency of our work in the Moscow Region in the implementation of the high mission of the Morozov project, the revival of the best traditions of Russian business.

In his Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, in particular, said:

"In Russia, law and morality, politics and morality have traditionally been recognized as close and comparable concepts.

At all costs, the level of morality both in tsarist Russia and in Soviet times was a significant school and criterion for the reputation of people, both in the workplace and in everyday life. And it can hardly be denied that such values as strong friendship, mutual assistance, trust, comradeship and reliability have remained immutable and enduring values on Russian soil for many centuries.

It was these high values that guided the representatives of the Morozov dynasty for two centuries. And first of all - its most prominent representative - Savva Timofeevich Morozov.

It is on the basis of the revival of high value orientations that "Russia will be the largest European nation."

To paraphrase the words of the poet, I would like to say to our students, future financiers and entrepreneurs: "To a young man who is considering doing life with whom: Do it without hesitation, with Savva Timofeevich Morozov."

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Vyzhletsov G.P. and others. "Man and the spiritual and cultural foundations of the revival of Russia", St. Petersburg: "Publishing house of St. Petersburg University", 1996.

2. Morozova T.P., Potkina I.V. "Savva Morozov", M.: "Russian book", 1998

3. Nikoruk M.V. and others. "Morozov project - to the regions of Russia", M.: "Logos", 2003.

4. Platonov O.A. "1000 years of Russian entrepreneurship", M.: "Sovremennik", 1995.

5. Potkina I.V. "On the Olympus of business success", Moscow: "Publishing house of the Main Archive of Moscow", 2004.

6. Putin V.V. "Message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation", M.: "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", 04/26/2005.

7. Rusinov F.M., Razu M.L. "Management (modern Russian management)", M.: ID FBK-PRESS, 1999.

Bibliographic link

Stolyarov S.P. ENTREPRENEURS MOROZOVS - FOUNDERS OF RUSSIAN MANAGEMENT // Modern problems of science and education. - 2006. - No. 2.;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=180 (date of access: 04/27/2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

Whose intelligence and perseverance became the basis of a vast industrial empire.

The rise of the Morozovs' fortune was helped by Napoleon, or rather, burned Moscow: the destruction of all textile manufactories that were in the capital led to an urgent need for fabric. Savva Vasilyevich set up production and quickly earned capital on this. As a result, a whole cotton manufactory grew from one workshop.

The sons of Savva Vasilyevich, there were 5 of them, continued the business and expanded the industry, taking possession of almost the entire textile market.

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Morozov family tree

The Morozovs are famous not only as merchants. This family helped the development of the Russian economy and culture. Representatives of the family have never been indifferent to ordinary people and the life of the country, so they constantly donated money to charity.

At the expense of Vikula Eliseevich Morozov, a children's clinical hospital No. 1 was built, and Timofey Savvich financed the creation of a gynecological clinic. Their brother, David Ivanovich, was engaged in the publication of such newspapers as Russkoye Delo, Golos Moskvy, and Russkoye Obozreniye. Through his efforts, a railway from Belgorodsk to Glukhovo was also built.

A huge contribution to the religious life of the country was made by Arseniy Ivanovich Morozov. Being one of the most famous and influential Old Believer church and public figures, Arseny Ivanovich was engaged in the improvement of the life of workers. With his money, 15 churches, a hospital and a real school were built. He took care of the publication of textbooks for Old Believer schools and was in charge of the choir, which was recognized throughout Russia.

Another branch of the Morozov family was glorified by Varvara Alekseevna, who spared no effort and finances for charity. Thanks to her investments, a psychiatric clinic was built in Moscow and Shanyavsky University was organized. In addition, Varvara Alekseevna published the newspaper Russkiye Vedomosti, sponsored the Museum of Handicrafts in Moscow and was the chairman of the women's club.

A contribution to the cultural heritage of the country was made by Mikhail Abramovich Morozov, who is the author of works on history and a collector. Throughout his life, Mikhail Abramovich managed to collect the most beautiful works of both Russian and European artists. According to the bequest of the patron, all the paintings became the property of the Tretyakov Gallery.

Savva Timofeevich Morozov (February 3 (15), 1862, Zuevo, Bogorodsky district, Moscow province, Russian Empire - May 13 (26), 1905, Cannes, France)

Savva Timofeevich Morozov

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1880s Portrait of the Morozov family. In the center stands Savva Timofeevich Morozov

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1900s Olga Morozova (daughter of Abram Savvich Morozov) poses for the artist S. Chechelev on the terrace in the Odintsovo-Arkhangelskoye estate

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1900s The family of merchants Morozov in the Odintsovo-Arkhangelskoye estate

1900s Varvara Morozova (wife of Abram Abramovich Morozov) on the terrace in the Odintsovo-Arkhangelskoye estate

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1901. Entrepreneur and philanthropist Savva Morozov at the construction site of the Moscow Art Theater

1903. Children of Savva Morozov - Maria and Savva

1903. Children of Savva Morozov - Maria and Timofey

1903. Zinaida Grigoryevna Morozova with her daughters Maria and Lyulyuta

1903. Maria Feodorovna with her granddaughter

1903. Portrait of Zinaida Grigoryevna Morozova with children Timofey, Maria, Lyulyuta

Zinaida Morozova is expecting her first child, Timofey. 1888

1903. Portrait of Zinaida Grigoryevna Morozova with her daughter Maria and son Savva

Z. G. Morozova in Pokrovsky-Rubtsovo after her husband's funeral. May 1905

1904. Mika Morozov

Portrait of Mika Morozov, Valentin Serov, 1901

Mikhail Mikhailovich Morozov (Mika) lived a fruitful life. Known as an outstanding connoisseur of art, Shakespeare. V. A. Serov managed to capture in the 4-year-old Mika restlessness, interest in the world around him and childish spontaneity - those qualities that remained with the depicted for life.

1904. Savva Timofeevich Morozov with his son Savva

Savva Timofeevich Morozov with children

Portrait of Lyulyuta, daughter of Savva Timofeevich Morozov

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Portrait of Savva Timofeevich Morozov with children

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Portrait of the Morozov family. From left to right: Maria, Maria Fedorovna, Timofey, Savva and Lyulyuta

Portrait of E. S. Morozova. 1908
Valentin Serov

Evdokia Sergeevna Kladovshchikova (based on the scene of Lozenbek) (1885-1959) - wife of Ivan Abramovich. Singer, actress. We met in 1901 at Yar. Wed secretly in 1907.

Mikhail Abramovich Morozov 1902
Valentin Serov

The dynasty of Morozov merchants begins with Savva Vasilyevich Morozov, whose mind and perseverance became the basis of a huge industrial empire.

Savva Morozov was born in 1770 in a rather poor family. To pay off the army, he had to take a large loan from the merchant Kononov, for whom he worked. No one expected that Morozov would be able to repay the debt, since it was an unbearable amount for his family. However, having made considerable efforts, Savva Vasilievich managed to pay everything for 2 years, after which he opened his own workshop, where he was engaged in silk weaving.

The sons of Savva Morozov, there were 5 of them, continued the business and expanded the industry, taking possession of almost the entire textile market.

Morozov family tree

Morozov patrons

Members of the Morozov family in portraits

Mikhail Mikhailovich Morozov (Mika) lived a fruitful life. Known as an outstanding connoisseur of art, Shakespeare. V. A. Serov managed to capture in the 4-year-old Mika restlessness, interest in the world around him and childish spontaneity - those qualities that remained with the depicted for life.

Mikhail Abramovich is an art collector, philanthropist. He is the only one from the Morozov family who was very pleased with the work of V.A. Serov, although many contemporaries considered the portrait partly parodic.

Ivan Abramovich was a well-known connoisseur and collector of Western European art. On the portrait of V.A. Serov, he is depicted against the background of his painting by Mathis.

Margarita Kirillovna Mamontova (Morozova) - the wife of Mikhail Abramovich, is known for her patronage and participation in the religious and philosophical societies of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century.

Art historians suggest that there are other portraits of V.A. Serov depicting members of the Morozov dynasty. Perhaps they are not known to the general public, because. are kept in private collections.

The Morozov dynasty is considered one of the most famous in Russia. Occupying the first places in the development of the textile industry, representatives of the great family spared no expense to improve the lives of ordinary people, which served as the basis for good fame and respect.

Born in the village of Zuevo, Bogorodsk district, Moscow province. Grandson of the founder of the Morozov dynasty, Savva Vasilyevich Morozov. The son of a major textile manufacturer, the founder of the Nikolskaya cotton manufactory, an Old Believer Timofey Savvich Morozov and Maria Fedorovna, nee Simonova.

He received his primary education at the 4th Moscow Gymnasium. Then he studied at the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University, from which he graduated in 1885. He continued his studies at Cambridge in England, where he studied chemistry, was going to defend his dissertation, but returned to Russia to head the family business.

Upon his return, he took over the management of the family Nikolskaya manufactory. He was the director of the Trekhgorny Brewing Association in Moscow, headed the committee of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, was a member of the Moscow branch of the Council of Trade and Manufactories and the Society for Promoting the Improvement and Development of the Manufactory Industry. "For useful activity and special works" he was awarded the Orders of St. Anne of the 3rd and 2nd degrees.

S.V. Morozov is one of the largest patrons of the Moscow Art Theater, to whose cause he devoted a lot of time and soul. Stanislavsky recalled: “This remarkable man was destined to play in our theater an important and wonderful role of a patron of art, able not only to make material sacrifices to art, but to serve it with all devotion, without pride, without false ambition and personal gain.”

Savva Timofeevich was married to the daughter of a Bogorodsk merchant of the second guild, G.E. Zimina Zinaida Grigorievna Zimina. In her first marriage, she was Morozov's cousin, Sergei Vikulovich Morozov, whom she divorced and a few years later married Savva Morozov. Their romance made a lot of noise in Moscow, and caused a storm of protests in the family. Divorce, marriage to a divorced woman is a terrible sin in the Old Believer environment. Nevertheless, Morozov insisted on his own and the wedding took place. For his beloved wife, Savva Timofeevich built according to the project of F.O. Shekhtel luxury house on Spiridonovka. Had four children: Maria - married to I.O. Kurdyukov; Elena; Timothy; Savva.

The merchant Morozov gave all kinds of support to the revolutionary forces of Russia: he gave money for the publication of Iskra, smuggled printing typefaces, hid the revolutionary Bauman from the police, himself delivered forbidden literature to his factory, but most importantly, he provided considerable financial assistance to the revolutionaries. He was a close friend of M. Gorky. Towards the end of his life, he tried to break ties with the Bolsheviks by reconsidering his political views.

In 1898, Morozov met Maria Fedorovna Zhelyabuzhskaya, nee Yurkovskaya, an actress of the Moscow Art Theater with the stage name Andreeva. This was Morozov's last strong passion, which ended in a tragic break for him - in 1904, the actress Andreeva became the common-law wife of M. Gorky.

In 1905, Savva Timofeevich was in the deepest spiritual crisis. Rumors circulated in Moscow about his madness. The family decided to send him to France. In Cannes, in a hotel room on May 13, 1905, at four in the afternoon, Morozov was found dead. The official version - shot himself. Currently, there are two versions of what actually happened in Cannes: Morozov committed suicide due to harassment by the Bolsheviks, or he was killed by the Bolsheviks themselves.

The body was transported to Moscow and buried at the Old Believer Rogozhsky cemetery. In Moscow, a rumor spread that the coffin was lowered into the ground empty, and Morozov was alive and hiding somewhere in the depths of Russia.

Nemirovich-Danchenko left some comprehension of the tragic end of Savva Timofeevich: “Human nature cannot stand two equivalent opposing passions. The merchant does not dare to get carried away. He must be true to his element, the element of endurance and calculation. Treason will inevitably lead to a tragic conflict ... And Savva Morozov could be passionately carried away. Until love. Not a woman - this did not play a role for him, but a person, an idea, a public .... He ... gave significant sums to the revolutionary movement. When the first revolution broke out in 1905 and then a sharp reaction, something happened in his psyche, and he shot himself.

The name Morozov eventually became almost a household name - such a huge contribution was made by representatives of this dynasty to the development of industry, the financial sector, science, education, culture, healthcare and the spiritual potential of Russia.
Although the term "entrepreneur" itself appeared only in the 18th century in France and meant a person who takes on the risk associated with the organization of a new enterprise or the development of a new idea, a new product or a new type of service offered to society, the history of Russian entrepreneurship is almost a millennium old. His anniversary could be celebrated together with the millennium of Russia, these concepts are so inextricably linked with each other.
For many centuries, the Russian state developed vast territories due to the fact that it relied on entrepreneurship and private initiative. That is, in parallel with the political development, there was an economic development, which was provided by the hard and selfless work of entrepreneurs, not always supported by the state.
The history of the Morozov dynasty is the clearest confirmation of this.

The Morozov family of Old Believers became a symbol of Russian entrepreneurship in the 19th century. The ancestor of the famous dynasty was a serf in the Moscow province Savva Vasilievich Morozov, who was born in 1770 in a family of Old Believers. As a child, he helped his father run the household, but quickly realized that a small piece of cultivated land could only feed a family - nothing more.
Work in the Orthodox ethics of a Russian person is an unconditional virtue, and such an attitude towards one’s work was characteristic of many Russian entrepreneurs, first of all and especially for the Old Believers, who to a large extent managed to preserve the Old Russian ideals and traditions. Savva Morozov brilliantly proved this throughout his life.
Savva, as a teenager, began to engage in silk weaving, having hired a weaver at a small silk factory Kononov, receiving 5 rubles in banknotes a year on the master's grub. When the lot fell on Morozov to become a soldier, he paid off his military service by borrowing a large sum of money from his master. Kononov dreamed of enslaving a good worker in this way for life, but he attracted the whole family to weaving, switched to piecework wages and ... paid off the debt in two years.
Encouraged by the result achieved, Savva started his own enterprise in his native village of Zuevo in 1797 with an initial capital of five (!) Rubles. For fifteen years, the business developed, but it developed extremely slowly, only the great Moscow fire of 1812, which destroyed the entire capital's weaving industry, gave a strong impetus forward. Immediately after the war, there was a huge demand for linen and cotton products, calico and chintz. The Morozovs' enterprise began to grow rich quickly.
The business gradually expanded and went so well that in the early 1820s, Savva Vasilyevich bought from his owner, the landowner Ryumin, a free one for himself and his family for 17 thousand rubles at a time (huge money at that time). 40 people already worked at the Morozov enterprise.
Miracle? Not at all. In Russia, there has long been a group of energetic entrepreneurs, Old Believers, who had a habit of helping each other. Moreover, the peasants who entered their enterprises, having become workers, also accepted the Old Believers, because for this they were entitled to a soft loan for a quick exit from serfdom and for buying receipts to get rid of recruitment. Morozov is an exception in this regard - the owner gave him money to pay off the army.
In 1830, having returned his debts, Morozov founded a small Bogorodsk-Glukhov cotton manufactory in the city of Bogorodsk. A few years later, in 1838, one of the largest at that time in Russia in size, the Nikolskaya Mechanical Weaving Factory, was opened, which was located in a large multi-storey stone building. Nine years later, a huge spinning mill was built nearby.
In 1850, already at a very advanced age, Savva Vasilievich retired from business, transferring control to his sons. He died in 1860.
Savva Vasilyevich had five sons: Timofey, Elisha, Zakhar, Abram and Ivan. Little is known about the fate of the latter, and the first four were the creators of the four main Morozov manufactories and the founders of the four branches of the Morozov family. There was no family enterprise, each branch managed its own manufactory in its own way. As a result, before the revolution of 1917, the total capital of all the Morozov families was more than 110 million rubles, and about 54 thousand workers worked at their enterprises.
The very first - Bogorodsk manufactory - passed to the third son, Zakhar. Gradually expanding the business, in 1847 he built a mechanical weaving factory, and in 1855 he approved the share partnership "Company of Bogorodsk-Glukhovskaya Manufactory". After his death in 1857, his sons, Andrei and Ivan Zakharovichi, were in charge of all affairs, under whom the business expanded and flourished even more. The descendants of Abram became the owners of the Tver manufactory.
And the time for entrepreneurial activity in Russia was the most suitable. The country had a significant reserve of domestic funds to invest in industry if necessary. From 1876 until 1913, Russia had a continuous active balance.
In terms of growth in industrial output and in terms of labor productivity growth, Russia came out on top in the world, ahead of the rapidly developing United States. During 1880-1910, the growth rate of Russia's industrial output exceeded 9% per year. Trade and catering in Russia were among the most developed in the world.
Such were the fruits of Russian entrepreneurship, which promised a great harvest for the future. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of Russia's development, the French economist E. Théry confidently predicted:
“By the middle of the current 20th century, Russia will dominate Europe both politically and economically and financially.”
It didn’t work out… The First World War, revolutions, civil war… But in any case, it’s time to finally stop considering pre-war Russia as a backward, impoverished and semi-literate country, inferior in all respects to the rest of the “civilized world”. History has no subjunctive mood, but if the foreign policy conditions of Russia at the beginning of the twentieth century were the same as those of Europe and the United States, it is not known who would now be the world leader and a model of progress.
However, I digress.
More successful than the rest of the brothers was Timofei Savvich, who first founded the company Savva Morozov's Commodity House Son and Co., and in 1873 established a share partnership under the same name. The office of the partnership was in Tver, but the main efforts were made to develop and modernize the Zuevskaya factory, located in the village of Nikolsky (now the city of Orekhovo-Zuevo).
This was a manufactory in the full sense of the word, fully equipped with the latest English machines, using high-quality American cotton and imported dyes. The factory's products, often sold directly from warehouses, fully complied with international standards and annually brought several million rubles in net income.
Morozov spent this money with great knowledge of the matter: he invited not only experienced English masters and talented Russian engineers, whom, if necessary, he sent to study abroad. The city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo resembled, according to contemporaries, "the specific principality of the Morozovs." The entire population of 15,000 worked at the manufactory and was completely dependent on it. Even the police were supported by the Morozovs. It can be said that the Morozov Manufactory became the first city-forming enterprise in Russia.
But not everything was so pastoral-beautiful. Timofei Savvich was a formidable and cruel master. He - also the first in Russia - introduced a draconian system of fines for the slightest violation. Even exemplary workers lost up to 15% of their earnings on fines, some even had a measly penny left for extradition. It is no coincidence that it was at the Zuevskaya manufactory in 1885 that the first organized strike of workers in Russia took place.
She slightly improved the situation of the workers, but turned out to be fatal for the owner: Timofey Savvich, having received a nervous shock, fell ill for a long time, retired and died in 1889. The business was inherited by his son, Savva Timofeevich, who is still considered the brightest and most controversial figure in the world of Russian entrepreneurship.
Savva's childhood and youth were spent in Moscow in the parental mansion in Bolshoi Trekhsvyatsky Lane. Parents firmly adhered to the traditions of the Old Believers, but at the same time the children had governesses and tutors, they were taught secular manners, music and foreign languages.
At the age of 14, Savva was assigned to the 4th city gymnasium, where, by his own admission, he learned to “smoke and not believe in God,” which is completely unthinkable for an Old Believer.
After graduating from the gymnasium in 1881, Savva entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow University. After attending a four-year course, he left for England and entered Cambridge, where he successfully and deeply studied chemistry and was even going to defend his dissertation, but the need to head the family business forced him to return to Russia.
Since 1887, he was already the de facto head of the Nikolskaya manufactory and, first of all, liquidated the oppressive measures introduced by his father: he abolished fines, built many new barracks for the workers, and provided exemplary medical care. He carried out all these improvements as a manager.
In the true sense of the word, he was never the owner of the manufactory, since after the death of Timofey Savvich most of the shares passed to his widow, Maria Fedorovna, a very domineering woman with a great mind and independent views, who outlived her famous son and died in 1911 at the age of 80 years, leaving behind 30 million net worth.
Morozov's personal life was also peculiar. According to Gorky, who knew them well, “Savva’s personal needs were very modest, one might even say that he was stingy with himself, walked at home in worn-out shoes, and sometimes appeared on the street in patched shoes.” But his wife, Zinaida Grigorievna, was completely different: she was fond of the most fashionable toilets, which became the talk of the town in Moscow and beyond, she loved to go to fashionable, expensive resorts, even persons of the royal family envied her departure, with many of whom she was " on short legs. You can’t even talk about such trifles as your own box in the theater and an impressive collection of jewelry, although the tastes of Mrs. Morozova herself are best evidenced by a luxurious mansion in an unprecedented Gothic-Moorish style, built in 1896 in Moscow on Vozdvizhenka.
Some, however, believe that the mansion was built by order of another Morozov - Arseniy Abramovich - after visiting Spain and Portugal. Indeed, the mansion is a miniature medieval castle in the spirit of the Portuguese Renaissance architecture of the Manueline style, which widely uses picturesque decor details - shells, ship ropes, horseshoe-shaped and lancet arches.
The facade of the building is decorated with a solemn entrance in the form of a horseshoe and two
romantic towers with a lacy attic and a lattice balcony.
The interiors of the mansion were made in different styles:
Chinese, Italian, Mauritanian. All this is more in line with the extravagant tastes of Zinaida Grigoryevna.
Savva Timofeevich did not refuse his wife anything, but his own interests lay in a completely different area. Morozov was the leader of the merchants and industrialists of Russia ("Merchant Governor") and Chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair Committee. The second position allowed him to directly influence the industrial development of Russia, to solve specific issues of social cooperation between entrepreneurs and workers, and even to develop state projects for the development of health care and education of the people.
The thirty-year-old chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair Committee clearly showed his modern views and outstanding foresight in 1896 in his speech at the official opening ceremony of the fair.
“I am firmly convinced of one thing: the commercial and industrial estate in Russia is strong not only with its powerful, but also with a mind. Not only with capital, but also with the mind ... One problem - there is not enough culture! Our class has not yet developed a consciousness of its own dignity, class solidarity! .. But the theses about the small number and weakness of the Russian bourgeoisie, about its illiteracy and lack of talents are a manifestation of either blatant ignorance or a malicious distortion of the truth.
Later, at the All-Russian Trade and Industrial Congress, the outstanding qualities of Savva Morozov as a subtle politician, an industrialist on a state scale, who from his colleagues intended to educate the third estate, like the French bourgeoisie, manifested themselves with particular force.
Savva Morozov surprised Maxim Gorky himself with his boundless respect for the Russian people:
“You can consider me sentimental, insincere - your business. But I love the people... I love the people not in the way that you, writers, write about it, but with a simple physiological love, as one sometimes loves people of one's own family: sisters, brothers. Our people are amazingly talented! Amazing talent has always helped us out, helps us out and will help us out. I see that he is lazy, dying from drunkenness, syphilis, and mainly from the fact that he is not taught to work. And he is amazingly talented. The Russians need very little to make them wiser.”
Speaking about the political situation in Russia, Morozov said:
“There is something wrong with us everywhere: in factories, in mills, and especially in the brains!
More precisely, perhaps you can not say.
Savva Timofeevich also offered a concrete way out of this situation:
“It is necessary to introduce universal compulsory schooling with the expansion of the program of existing public schools and the establishment of a simplified procedure for opening all kinds of educational institutions, libraries, reading rooms, educational institutions, societies, since in the education of the people lies the strength and power of the state and its industry.”
But his call, unfortunately, was never heeded. And Gorky became so friendly with Morozov that he also surprised him: he took away his mistress, the aristocratic actress Maria Andreeva. More precisely, the mistress preferred the romantic Petrel of the Revolution to her sponsor.
All Morozovs were engaged in charity work. For example, Alexey Vikulovich Morozov devoted his leisure time to collecting porcelain, engraved portraits and ancient Russian painting. His collection of porcelain served as the basis of the porcelain museum in the Sheremetev Palace in Kuskovo. The Morozovs' donations were used to create, among many other things, an institute for the treatment of cancerous tumors at Moscow University, several psychiatric clinics, the Morozov Children's Hospital, a city maternity hospital and an almshouse. Savva Timofeevich was no exception, perhaps even surpassing his relatives.
However, when choosing an object of charity, he was guided by some considerations known to him alone. For example, Morozov did not donate a penny to the Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts) created by Professor Tsvetaev, although the project was truly popular.
This is all the more strange because Savva Timofeevich, regardless of any expenses, supported everything in which he foresaw an important influence on national culture. In this sense, his attitude to the Moscow Art Theater is indicative, in the creation of which Morozov's merit is no less than that of Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko.
The establishment of the theater required significant funds. Neither Stanislavsky nor Nemirovich-Danchenko had them. Having received a refusal from the government, they began to turn to patrons or, as they would say now, look for sponsors. Morozov from the very beginning in 1898 gave 10 thousand rubles to the theater. In 1900, when serious complications arose in the activities of the troupe, he bought out all the shares and undertook to finance the current expenses alone.
For three years, he kept the theater afloat, saving its leaders from exhausting financial troubles and giving them the opportunity to focus entirely on the creative process. According to Stanislavsky, "he took over the entire economic part, he delved into all the details and gave the theater all his free time." Morozov was very keenly interested in the life of the Moscow Art Theater, went to rehearsals and predicted "that this theater would play a decisive role in the development of theatrical art."
Under his leadership, the building was rebuilt and a new hall for 1300 seats was created. This construction cost Morozov 300 thousand rubles, and the total amount spent by him at the Moscow Art Theater approached half a million. As a result, the absolutely unprofitable theater, doomed to an early death, became one of the leading theaters in Russia. So it would be more appropriate to call it the "Savva Morozov Theatre".
Morozov was ruined by the fact that at the beginning of the 20th century he became keenly interested in politics. In his mansion, for example, semi-legal meetings of the Cadets took place. This, however, was still not surprising, since many big industrialists gravitated towards the constitutional democrats at that time. But Savva Morozov was a maximalist and a radical, so the half-hearted reforms that the liberals were going to carry out in Russia did not suit him at all. His search ended in close contact with a party adhering to the most extreme socialist orientation. It is known that Morozov gave money for the publication of Iskra. At his expense, the first legal Bolshevik newspapers Novaya Zhizn in St. Petersburg and Borba in Moscow were founded.
All this gave Witte the right to justly accuse Morozov of "feeding the revolution with his millions." Morozov did even more: he smuggled printing type, hid the revolutionary Bauman from the police, and delivered banned literature to his factory himself. In fairness, it should be noted that he hardly imagined what consequences this “sponsorship” would lead to, and he himself did not see these consequences.
After the events of January 1905, which literally shook Morozov, he drew up his own program of social and political reforms. In particular, it dealt with the abolition of autocracy, the establishment of a parliamentary system with universal direct elections, freedom of speech, the press and associations, the inviolability of the person and home ... The program put an end to Morozov's relations with the Social Democrats: they categorically rejected it because for "excessive bourgeois".
On February 9, 1905, Morozov made a statement on a working issue at a meeting of the Board of the Association of the Nikolskaya Manufactory, which, in particular, said:
“The existing legislation and the method of its development do not correspond to the needs of the population and Russian industry, in particular, it is necessary for the development of legislative norms to involve representatives of all classes of the population, including persons elected by industrialists and workers. The participation of these same representatives is also necessary in the discussion of the budget, because the latter is a powerful engine in the hands of the state in resolving the industrial problems of the country.
The application was supposed to be submitted to the Cabinet of Ministers. But the Board members did not support Savva Timofeevich's statement as "too revolutionary" and refused to sign it. In fact, this was a real large-scale program for the democratization of Russia, the implementation of which could defuse the socio-political crisis, prevent the social upheavals of 1905 and 1917, and put Russia on the path of civil democratic civilized development.
It was not possible to find a common language with either the industrialists or the revolutionaries.

Then Savva Timofeevich decided to single-handedly carry out serious transformations at his factory, which were supposed to give the workers the right to a part of the profits. But his mother, who had a decisive voice in the board, removed him from managing the business in general, not understanding "new-fangled trends and godless undertakings."
In principle, one can understand her: one of her close relatives, Vera Vikulovna Morozova, married the Moscow furniture manufacturer Pavel Alexandrovich Shmit. When her eldest son Nikolai headed his father's factory in December 1904, he donated all his fortune to the RSDLP, and was arrested for participating in the 1905 revolution and died in prison.
Apparently, the decision of the mother caused a severe nervous breakdown. Morozov began to avoid people (he had not had mutual understanding with his wife for a long time), spent a lot of time in solitude, did not want to see anyone.
A council of doctors convened in April at the insistence of his wife and mother stated that Savva Timofeevich had a "severe general nervous breakdown" and recommended that he be sent abroad. Morozov went to Cannes and here in the Royal Hotel on May 13, 1905 he shot himself.
The revolution of 1917 did not bypass the Morozov family. The eldest son Timofei Savvich (11/15/1888 - 02/21/1921), who graduated from the mathematical faculty of Moscow University, and was a trustee of the Moscow Old Believer Institute and the Commercial School, was shot in 1921 by the Bolsheviks. One of the daughters, Maria, drowned in the Oka under unclear circumstances, and the second daughter, Elena, emigrated to Brazil. The youngest son, Savva, graduated from the Institute of Transport Engineers. Was repressed. Later he worked as a translator in Mostrans, a bridge engineer and died in 1964.
The grandson of Savva Timofeevich Morozov, his full namesake Savva Timofeevich Morozov was the oldest Moscow journalist and writer. Member of the Great Patriotic War, honorary polar explorer of the USSR, author of the novel "Ice and People" and the story "Grandfather died young." He visited Orekhovo-Zuyevo several times, met with the public of the city, performed at the museum and the Winter Theater. He died in Moscow in 1995.
The history of the Morozovs is the history of the transformation of self-taught serfs into highly educated businessmen, true intellectuals and connoisseurs of the arts. Belonging to a class that had dominant economic positions, but was deprived of political power, the Morozovs unsuccessfully sought a way out of the socio-political crisis that was ripening in the country, trying, on the one hand, to reach an agreement with the top, and on the other, even going to support of the revolutionary parties, although they could not imagine how this support would turn out.
P.S. In 1993, the so-called "Morozov project" was initiated - a large-scale program for training personnel of a new formation to work in a market economy and support small business in Russia. The core of the project is the educational and business center "Savva", created and actively operating on the basis of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky Chemical and Economic College - in the homeland of the dynasty of industrialists - entrepreneurs Morozov.
On the 10th anniversary of the Morozov project, in his report, the President of the Academy of Management and Market, Professor V.P.
In the welcome telegram, in particular, it was said:
“Today, the SAVVA Business College and Educational and Business Center is one of the most reputable educational and business centers for business education in the Russian Federation.
The intellectual charge that you transfer to students and listeners serves as a weighty proof of the ability of the Educational and Business Center "SAVVA" not only to keep pace with the times, but also to be at the forefront of solving important socio-economic problems.
Wide and active joint activities in the center and in the regions, sponsorship of organizations participating in the Morozov project - all this made it possible to create an extensive system for training a new generation of entrepreneurs and supporting small businesses, which has its own representative offices in the form of training and business centers in more than 60 regions of the Russian Federation. Federation.
Being a non-state system, the Morozov project has won state, public and international recognition, has become a significant component of the national infrastructure for supporting small businesses, a national phenomenon, the personification of that new, which gradually, step by step, was asserted in Russian reality.
Finally, the emergence and development of the Morozov project should be considered in the context of the revival of the historical continuity of the best traditions of Russian civilized entrepreneurship, which have not lost their relevance today.
I think Savva Timofeevich would be pleased.

Bibliographic link

Morozov family tree

Morozov patrons

Members of the Morozov family in portraits

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