What are solvents? By definition, these are volatile compounds of organic and inorganic origin that can liquefy or dissolve other materials. Such substances are also used to impart the necessary consistency and improve the properties of paints and varnishes.

Solvents can be produced on a single-component or composite basis; they can be solid, liquid and even gaseous. Liquid compositions are widely used in construction and for domestic needs. In particular, solvent 646, which we will look at in more detail.

What it is? Compound

Solvent 646 is a chemically active component used in almost any type of finishing work. The composition is designed to work with nitro-based enamels and varnishes, epoxy and glyphthalic primers. After the volatile components evaporate, the coating acquires a glossy tint.

The solvent is usually clear, but may have a yellowish tint. The mixture is multicomponent, with a sharp, characteristic odor.

The composition includes the following substances:

7% - acetone.

8% - ethyl cellosolve.

10% - butyl acetate.

10% - ethyl alcohol.

15% - butanol.

50% - toluene.

This chemical is manufactured in strict accordance with the requirements GOST behind the number 18188-72 . Currently, manufacturers are working to reduce the total concentration of acetone and toluene. This is due to the fact that these substances are often used in the manufacture of narcotic drugs.

Advantages and disadvantages

The positive characteristics of solvent 646 can be expressed as follows:

Availability. The product is sold in any hardware store and attracts attention at an affordable price.

Practicality. The operating instructions are indicated on the product packaging, so anyone can easily understand the features of the application.

Functionality. Thanks to its multicomponent composition, the solvent can interact with almost any material.

In addition, adding the product speeds up the drying of the coating and promotes the formation of a smooth, glossy surface.

The material also has significant disadvantages. In particular:

Increased level of toxicity.

Fire hazard.

Strong smell.

Special storage conditions.

Therefore, when working with a chemical solution, safety precautions must be observed.

Scope of application

Solvent 646 has a wide range of applications. In everyday life, the composition is used to remove oil and paint from hands. It is curious that the product cleans well even coloring pigments used in the textile industry. In addition, the composition is often used to clean tools after painting work.

They are also used to bring organic and chemical surfaces to the desired consistency, and are used in the production of paints and varnishes. In general, the products are equally suitable for the oil refining industry, mechanical engineering, finishing work and the needs of car repair shops.

In addition, the mixture based on petroleum products has found its application in the perfumery and cosmetics industry.

What is the difference between solvents 646 and 647?

Solvents are presented in stores in a fairly diverse assortment, but the most popular are numbers 646 and 647. At first glance, the compositions seem identical: they are produced by domestic enterprises, packaged in similar containers, and used in the same areas. However, there are minor but very important differences between the products.

A distinctive feature is the chemical composition of the solvents. We cited the components that make up 646 above, so we’ll talk about 647. This is also a multicomponent mixture, which includes the following substances:

Ethyl acetate.

• Butyl acetate.

As you probably noticed, the list of active ingredients does not include acetone. Thanks to this feature, solvent 647 is less active, so it can be used on surfaces that require careful care. The difference in chemical composition also affected the area of ​​application. In particular, 647 is intended to increase the viscosity of nitrocellulose compounds.

Specifications 646

Can the mixture be used for degreasing?

This is a very relevant question. If the surface is not degreased before painting or priming, adhesion is reduced and the coating will peel off in areas of remaining stains. The problem is different: how suitable solvent 646 is for preparatory work.

Let's start with the fact that degreasing surfaces is included in the scope of application of any thinning compositions. However, our solvent is the most aggressive among analogues. Therefore, when using a degreasing agent, you need to be careful.

Active components can damage the base and dissolve the paintwork. In addition, acetone is aggressive to plastic, so such surfaces cannot be degreased with solvent 646.

Substance consumption

If we talk about consumption per 1 m2 When degreasing, it is recommended to adhere to the following standards:

External surfaces - 0.147 kg.

Internal surfaces made of wood and metal - 120 kg.

Concrete surfaces - 0.138 kg.

If the degreased surface is exposed to moisture and other aggressive environments, the consumption rate will be 0.169 kg.

Precautionary measures

It is important to understand that the subject of our conversation belongs to the third class of chemical hazard. Therefore, when working with the composition, precautions must be taken. In particular, you will need safety glasses and gloves, and a respirator. In addition, work is carried out only in rooms with good ventilation.

If the chemical liquid gets on open areas of the body, the skin is immediately washed with warm water and soap. In case of contact with eyes or other mucous membranes, you should immediately consult a doctor.

In addition, the solvent belongs to the category of flammable and flammable substances. Therefore, there should be no open sources of fire or uninsulated electrical wiring in the premises. Smoking is strictly prohibited.

Storage Features

The mixture of volatile organic substances is stored in the original packaging or hermetically sealed container, away from open sources of fire. Outdoor storage is not allowed to avoid contact of active components with a humid environment or direct sunlight.

The temperature range of storage conditions may vary within -40/+40 degrees.

The shelf life stated by the manufacturer is 12 months, from the moment of production of the product. Provided that storage recommendations are followed.

Manufacturers

To purchase quality products, you need to take a responsible approach to choosing a manufacturer. If we talk about companies specializing in the production of solvent 646, we recommend paying attention to the products of such enterprises:

Dmitrievsky Chemical Plant. This is one of the oldest and dynamically developing companies that produces products for the food, paint, leather and rubber industries. The company's products are widely known not only in Russia, but also in 70 countries of the world.

Verkhnevolzhskaya paint and varnish company. One of the largest suppliers of paints and varnishes to countries near and far abroad. The product range includes primers, paints, enamels and solvents.

"POLIKOM". It is a leading manufacturer of industrial and household chemicals. The production line is fully automated, the products meet international requirements.

All companies pay increased attention to product quality and work in accordance with requirements GOST.

All documents presented in the catalog are not their official publication and are intended for informational purposes only. Electronic copies of these documents can be distributed without any restrictions. You can post information from this site on any other site.

1.6. Compliance of the content of fatty contaminants with the established standards is confirmed by a mark in the control route map, in the technological data sheet of the product or in other technical documentation. Based on these documents, notes are added to the product passport, for example: “The content of fatty contaminants does not exceed the standards established by GOST 12.2.052” or “degreased”.

1.7. The preparation and implementation of all degreasing work must be supervised by a responsible person appointed by written order of the administration, who must be fully responsible for compliance with degreasing technology, timely technical control and safety of work.

2. Technical requirements

2.1. Material requirements

2.1.1. Solvents or aqueous cleaning solutions should be used to degrease equipment. The need to use solvents or aqueous cleaning solutions must be indicated in the technological documentation.

2.2. Solvents

The used solvents of groups 1 and 2, used at a temperature of 10-20 ° C, depending on the detergent and physicochemical properties, are given in table. 1.

Name of solvents	Residual content of fatty contaminants, mg/m 2, no more	Application area
Group 1
Freon 113 GOST 23844
Freon 114B2 GOST 15899
Trichlorethylene GOST 9976		For products made of steel, cast iron, copper and alloys based on iron, copper and nickel
Tetrachlorethylene TU 6-01-956
Trichlorethylene GOST 9976 with stabilizer STAT-1-1% TU 6-01-927		For products made of steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum and alloys based on iron, copper, nickel, aluminum
Tetrachlorethylene TU 6-01-956 with stabilizer STAT-1-1% TU 6-01-927
Group 2
Nefras S2-80/120 and SZ-80/120 GOST 443		For products made of any metals and alloys
Nefras-S 50/170 GOST 8505 (distilled)
Gasoline solvent for the paint and varnish industry (white spirit) GOST 3134	1000	For preliminary removal of grease stains from products made of any metals and alloys

2.2.3. The quality of the solvent must fully meet the requirements of regulatory and technical documents for the solvent and is confirmed by the manufacturer’s passport certificate.

Solvents supplied for degreasing must be checked before use according to the indicators specified in the mandatory.

2.2.4. Solvent degreasing is carried out 1-2 times depending on the shape of the parts and the required quality of degreasing. When carrying out double degreasing, the residual content of fatty contaminants can be taken equal to the upper limit given in table. 1, without control.

Permissible content of fatty contaminants

On the surface, mg/m2, no more	In solvents, mg/dm 3, no more

Compositions of aqueous cleaning solutions and degreasing modes

Compositions of aqueous cleaning solutions		Degreasing modes		Residual content of fatty contaminants, mg/m2	Application area
components of aqueous cleaning solutions and detergents	quantity, g/dm 3	temperature °C	degreasing ratio
Composition 1		from 60 to 80	twice	from 15 to 50	For products made of steel, cast iron, copper and alloys based on iron, copper and nickel
Sodium phosphate, (trisodium phosphate),
GOST 9337
GOST 201
Detergent*
Composition 2				from 10 to 50
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)
GOST 4328
GOST 22 63
GOST 9937
GOST 201
Sodium liquid glass
GOST 13078
Detergent*
Composition 2		from 60 to 80	twice	from 15 to 50	For products made of steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum and alloys based on iron, copper, nickel, aluminum
Sodium liquid glass
GOST 13078
Detergent*
Composition 4		from 55 to 60		from 10 to 50	For products made of steel, cast iron, copper and alloys based on iron, copper and nickel, with increased requirements for the absence of precipitation on their surface
Trilon-B
GOST 10652
Technical sodium nitrite
GOST 19906
Sodium phosphate (trisodium phosphate)
GOST 9337
GOST 201
Detergent*
Detergent ML-72		from 60 to 80		from 20 to 50
TU 84-348
Synthetic detergent MS-8		from 70 to 80
TU 6-15-978
Detergent KM-2		from 40 to 50			For products made of steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum and alloys based on iron, copper, nickel, aluminum
TU 6-18-5
		from 60 to 70	twice	from 20 to 50	For products made of steel, cast iron, aluminum and alloys based on iron, nickel, aluminum
TU 38-10761
Technical synthetic detergent VIMOL				from 5 to 50	For products made of copper and its alloys
TU 38-10761
Technical detergent TMS-31				from 20 to 50	For products made of steel, cast iron and alloys based on iron, nickel, aluminum
TU 38-107113
Technical detergent Vertolin-74		from 70 to 80	once	from 5 to 50
TU 38-10960
Technical detergent Vertolin-74			twice		For products made of steel, cast iron, copper and alloys based on iron, copper and nickel
TU 38-10960
			once		For products made of aluminum and its alloys
TU 6-1816
Aluminum alloy degreaser (OCA)		from 70 to 80	twice	from 20 to 50	For products made of steel, cast iron, copper and alloys based on iron, copper and nickel
TU 6-1816
Household detergents**		from 60 to 80

______________________________

*One of the following substances is used:

Surfactant Neonol AF9.6. TU 38.50724 (20 g/l) or Neonol AF9.12 TU 38.10362 (5 g/l), syntanol DS-10 according to TU 6-14-577 - 5 g/dm 3 ; nonionic drug syntamid 5 according to TU 6-02-640 - 5 g/dm3.

** When using solutions with household detergents, it is mandatory to inspect fat-free products after washing and drying. If dry residues of cleaning solutions are found, they must be removed.

2.3.3. The components of aqueous cleaning solutions must comply with the requirements of the regulatory and technical documents specified in.

2.3.4. To prepare aqueous cleaning solutions, drinking water is used in accordance with GOST 2874. The use of water from the recycling water supply system is not permitted.

2.3.5. When degreasing products made from materials other than those specified in , they should be tested for corrosion compatibility with aqueous cleaning solutions and for the achieved purity of degreasing.

2.3.6. To wash products made of ferrous metals, after degreasing with aqueous cleaning solutions, it is recommended to use water with additives of a corrosion inhibitor - technical sodium nitrite in accordance with GOST 19906 in an amount of 2 g/dm 3 of water.

3.3. When carrying out degreasing of cryogenic vessels, if the presence of a person in them is required, the requirements of the “Temporary standard instructions for organizing the safe conduct of gas-hazardous work at enterprises of the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the USSR” approved by the State Mining and Technical Inspectorate of the USSR and the MHP of the USSR must be observed. Before carrying out work on degreasing cryogenic vessels that have been in use, they must be heated to temperatures in the range of 12-30°C and ventilated. Work should be carried out only when the oxygen content in the air inside the vessels ranges from 19 to 23%.

The organization carrying out degreasing must approve instructions for carrying out this work in accordance with the established procedure.

3.4. Degreasing of individual parts by immersing them in baths of solvents should be carried out in devices with a closed or semi-closed degreasing cycle, equipped with local ventilation and preventing the entry of solvent vapors into the air of production premises. In this case, it is necessary to create continuity in the process of degreasing, drying and unloading parts. Solvent should be drained from equipment and baths into closed vessels through pipelines.

3.5. When degreasing equipment with solvents of group 1 (see), it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the equipment in which degreasing is carried out.

3.6. Air emissions after drying and blowing must comply with GOST 17.2.3.02.

3.7. Ventilation of premises must ensure compliance with the air requirements of the working area in accordance with GOST 12.1.005.

Table 4

Maximum permissible concentrations of solvents in the air

Name of solvents	Maximum permissible concentration value, mg/m 3	Hazard Class
Trichlorethylene
Tetrachlorethylene
Freon 113	3000
Freon 114B2	1000
Gasoline solvent for the rubber industry (in terms of C)
Nefras-S 50/170
White spirit (in terms of C)

When circulating the cleaning solution, the following conditions must be met:

The duration of circulation is at least 30 minutes, but not more than 2 hours;

The amount of circulating aqueous cleaning solution is not less than the volume of the products, while washing the entire degreased surface with the solution must be guaranteed;

Degreasing should be done twice with intermediate and final rinsing with hot water.

6.4. Degreasing of gasifier tanks is carried out by condensation of solvent vapors in accordance with the standard.

Evaporators are degreased using the solvent circulation method.

Degreasing ends when the content of fatty contaminants in the drained condensate is no more than 20 mg/dm 3 .

6.5. The spindle groups of fittings are degreased by wiping with aqueous cleaning solutions.

6.6. Degreasing spindle groups of fittings with solvents of group 1 of the standard is not allowed.

Degreasing evaporators with aqueous cleaning solutions is not allowed.

6.7. After degreasing, the gasifier is purged until all remaining solvent is removed. The complete removal of solvents must be verified by analysis.

The medical oxygen gasifier should be purged until there is no solvent vapor in the gas during control purging (no more than 2 mg/m3).

6.8. When using oxygen in a gasifier in accordance with GOST 6331, degreasing of the tank, fitting cabinet and pipelines is not carried out.

7. Degreasing oxygen compressors

7.1. Small parts are degreased according to the standard.

7.2. Degreasing of valves with solvents should only be done in disassembled form.

7.3. Large parts, for example, a cylinder, cover, rods, pistons, etc., are degreased in baths with an aqueous washing solution or solvent, or by wiping the surfaces with napkins moistened with low-toxic solvents (see standard) or a hot aqueous washing solution.

7.4. Shell-and-tube refrigerators, moisture separators, receivers and other containers are filled 1/3-1/2 of the volume with solvent, after which edging is performed. If parts are degreased after re-preservation, it is necessary to wash the parts two or three times with a solvent. It is recommended to degrease these devices by condensing solvent vapors or washing them with a hot cleaning solution (see standard).

7.5. Coil refrigerators are degreased with a solvent or hot washing solution using the circulation or filling method (see standard).

7.6. After degreasing, the compressor must be run in air or nitrogen for 2 hours.

7.7. Degreasing of oxygen turbocompressors is carried out in accordance with RTM 26-12-43.

8. Degreasing of pipelines and hoses

8.1. The need to degrease assembled pipelines with a pressure above 4.0 MPa (40 kgf/cm2) is determined by the technical documentation; the decision on degreasing is recommended to be made after monitoring the open ends of the pipeline, in accordance with OST 26-04-2574.

8.2. Liquid oxygen pipelines are checked for the presence of fatty contaminants at least once a year, in the event that they transport oxygen with a content of fatty contaminants higher than the requirements of GOST 6331.

Areas with the lowest flow rate are subject to a control check for the presence of fatty contaminants, and with a uniform flow - inlet areas. Control is carried out in accordance with section 5 of the standard.

If the standard OST 26-04-1362 is exceeded, the entire pipeline is subjected to degreasing.

8.3. When degreasing by immersion in baths, pipes are placed in special baths filled with aqueous cleaning solutions or solvents and maintained in accordance with the instructions of the standard.

8.4. For degreasing by circulation, the pipelines are connected to a special system equipped with a pump, through which aqueous cleaning solutions or solvents are pumped (see standard).

8.5. Degreasing the inner surface of pipes using the filling method is carried out as follows: technological plugs are installed at the ends of the pipes. Solvent is poured into the plug through the corresponding fitting, after which the fitting is closed, and the pipes or hoses are laid horizontally. The pipes should remain in a horizontal position for 10-20 minutes, during which time they should be turned 3-4 times to wash the entire inner surface with solvent. Pipes filled with solvent can also be moved in special rockers or turning mechanisms.

8.6. Sections of the installed pipeline are degreased by circulating a solvent or aqueous cleaning solution.

8.7. The approximate solvent consumption required for one-time degreasing of the inner surface of one linear meter of pipe is calculated using the formula:

(2)

Where Q- solvent consumption, dm 3 /m;

D- internal diameter of the pipe, cm.

Solvent consumption for one-time degreasing of pipes is given in table. 2.

table 2

Solvent consumption for one-time degreasing of pipes

Continuation of the table. 2

Continuation of the table. 2

8.8. Small sections of pipelines can be degreased by wiping or jetting an aqueous cleaning solution using special devices.

8.9. During installation, the outer surfaces of the ends for a length of 0.5 m are wiped with napkins soaked in a solvent or aqueous washing solution and dried in the open air.

8.10. All parts intended for connecting hoses to the container must be degreased by wiping if they were possibly contaminated during storage.

8.11. The hoses of medical oxygen tanks are degreased along with the vessel.

8.12. Fat-free sections of pipelines to be stored or transported must be plugged and sealed.

8.13. Pipeline sections subjected to chemical passivation or other types of chemical surface treatment before assembly may not be degreased if the requirements of the standard are met.

8.14. Sections of pipelines and hoses that were degreased during manufacture, received for installation with plugs and have the appropriate marks in the passport, are not degreased.

8.15. Pipeline assemblies are not subject to degreasing at pressures up to 4.0 MPa (40 kgf/cm2), if sections of pipelines before assembly or pipeline assemblies were cleaned of scale, slag, etc. by etching, sandblasting and shot blasting.

8.16. Main pipelines and inter-shop oxygen pipelines, pressure up to 1.6 MPa (16 kgf/cm2), assemblies are not degreased if, before connecting individual pipes, a visual inspection confirms the absence of stains of greasy contaminants on the surface of the pipelines, for which a report must be drawn up .

9. Degreasing of fittings and devices

9.1. Degreasing is carried out after manufacturing, before installation and after repair, i.e. in cases where contamination of the fittings was possible.

9.2. The fittings are degreased in disassembled form with aqueous cleaning solutions. It is possible to pre-wipe with a cloth soaked in white spirit or kerosene. In this case, special attention should be paid to fire safety measures.

9.3. In case of technical necessity, it is allowed to degrease the fittings without disassembling. To determine the possibility of degreasing purchased fittings without disassembling, it is recommended to degrease, dry, and then disassemble and check for residual grease content. If the residual content meets the standards, according to. standard, in the future the fittings can be degreased without disassembling.

Particular attention should be paid to the oil seal and its packing.

9.4. When degreasing fittings without disassembling, one should take into account the compatibility of all materials from which the fittings are made, especially seals, with the detergents used.

9.5. The fittings are not subject to degreasing before installation if degreasing was carried out at the manufacturer (which must be confirmed by accompanying documents or appropriate branding) and the packaging is not damaged.

9.6. Gaskets made of rubber, paronite, fiber, fluoroplastic oil seal rings, parts made of fiberglass, polycarbonate and textolite are degreased by wiping with aqueous detergent solutions and rinsed with water.

9.7. Asbestos used for stuffing box fittings is degreased by calcination at a temperature of 300°C for 2-3 minutes.

9.8. Degreasing of instruments for measuring flow and pressure is carried out in accordance with OST 26-04-2158.

Appendix 3

Mandatory

Requirements for solvents

Incoming control

Indicator name	Norm	Control method
1. Appearance	Colorless, transparent liquid	Determined visually
	Must be transparent and free of foreign impurities suspended and deposited on the bottom of the cylinder	Pour the solvent into a glass cylinder with a diameter of 40-50 mm
3. Reaction of the environment	The aqueous layer should not turn pink	The solvent in an amount of 15 cm 3 is placed in a separating funnel, 40 cm 3 of distilled water is added and shaken for 3-5 minutes; after settling, the aqueous layer is drained and methyl orange 0.1% aqueous solution is added to it
	Section 2 of the standard, table. 2	According to OST 2 6-04-2574

Appendix 4

Mandatory

Preparation of baths with aqueous cleaning solutions, their control and adjustment

1. Drawing up baths

1.1. The amount of each component provided for in the recipe is calculated based on the composition of the bath and its useful capacity. The components of the solution, depending on local conditions, can be dissolved separately in auxiliary vessels or directly in the bath in which degreasing is carried out. Dissolution is carried out by heating to a temperature of 60-70°C with vigorous stirring of the solutions with mechanical stirrers or air bubbling.

1.2. After drawing up the bath, determine the total alkalinity of the freshly prepared composition according to the method given below.

2. Control and adjustment of baths

2.1. General requirements

2.1.1. Control analyzes of the composition of aqueous washing solutions in degreasing baths are carried out at least 2 times a week by determining the total alkalinity of the solution. Baths are adjusted based on the results of control tests. A general change of the aqueous cleaning solution with regular loading of the bath is carried out once a week.

2.1.2. When using baths, do not allow contamination to accumulate on the surface of the solutions. Regularly remove grease from the surface using special devices (with a holey spoon or mesh) or special grease traps.

2.1.3. Before taking a sample of the solution for control analysis, it is necessary to bring the solution to the desired level and mix.

2.2. Determination of the total alkalinity of a solution

ESZKS. Compressed air for spraying paints and varnishes. Technical requirements. Rules and methods of control

GOST 9.305-84

E S 3 KS. Metallic and non-metallic, inorganic coatings. Operations of technological processes for obtaining coating

GOST 12.1.001-83

SSBT. Ultrasound. General safety requirements.

GOST 12.1.004-85

SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements.

SSBT. Work area air. Method for measuring the concentration of harmful substances using indicator tubes.

SSBT. Work area air. Requirements for methods for measuring concentrations of harmful substances.

SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements.

GOST 12.2.052 -81

SSBT. Equipment working with oxygen gas. General safety requirements

2, 3, 20

SSBT. Production of metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General safety requirements.

SSBT. Protective equipment for workers. Classification.

GOST 12.4.026-81

SSBT. Signal colors and safety signs

Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises

GOST 201-76

Trisodium phosphate. Technical conditions.

GOST 443-76

Nefrases S2-80/120 and SZ-80/120. Technical conditions.

GOST 1770-74E

Laboratory glassware. Cylinders, beakers, flasks. Technical conditions.

31, 34

GOST 22 63-79

Technical sodium hydroxide. Technical conditions.

Gasoline solvent for the paint and varnish industry. Technical conditions.

GOST 4328-77

Reagents. Sodium hydroxide. Technical conditions.-72

Distilled water.

GOST 8505-80

Nefras-S 50/170. Technical conditions.

GOST 9293-74

Nitrogen gaseous and liquid. Technical conditions.

GOST 9337-79

Sodium phosphate 12-water. Technical conditions.

7, 8

GOST 9976-83

Technical trichlorethylene. Technical conditions.

4, 5

GOST 2533 6-82

Laboratory glassware and equipment. Type, main parameters and dimensions.

GOST 10652-73

Disodium salt ethylenediamine - N, N, N¢ , N ¢ tetraacetic acid, 2-water (Trilon-B).

GOST 13078-81

Liquid sodium glass. Technical conditions.

GOST 15899-79

Freon 114B2. Technical conditions.

GOST 19906-74

Technical sodium nitrite. Technical conditions.

8, 11

OST 26-04-13 62-75

2, 20, 24, 26

OST 26-04-2138-81

Temporary anti-corrosion protection of products.

OST 26-04-2158-78

SSBT. Flow and pressure measuring instruments. Safety requirements for use in gaseous oxygen environments.

OST 26-04-2574-80

Gases, cryogenic products, water. Methods for determining the content of mineral oils.

18, 24, 26, 30

OST 26-04-2578-80

Gases, cryogenic products. Chromatographic method for determining impurities in chlorofluoroorganic solvents.

12, 16

OST 26-04-2600-83

Cryogenic equipment. General technical conditions.

RTM 26-12-43-81

Degreasing of centrifugal oxygen compressors.

TU 6-01-927-76

Trichlorethylene stabilizer (STAT-1).

TU 6-02-640-80

Nonionic drug syntamid-5.

TU 6-09-1181-76

Universal indicator paper for determining pH 1-10 and 7-14.

TU 6-09-5171-84

Methyl orange indicator (sodium para-dimethylanino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)

TU 6-01-956-86

Tetrachlorethylene (perchlorethylene)

4, 5

TU 6-14-577-88

Detergent preparation syntanol DS-10

TU 6-15-978-76

Synthetic detergent NS-8.

TU 6-18-5-77

Drug KM-2.

TU 38.103 62-87

Surfactant NEONOL AF9.12

TU 38-10761-75

Synthetic detergent Vimol.

TU 8-10960-81

Technical detergent Vertolin-74.

TU 38-107113-78

Technical detergent TNS-31.

TU 38.50724-84

Surfactant NEONOL AF9.6

TU 6-1816-82

Degreaser for aluminum alloys OCA.

9, 10

TU 84-348-73

Detergent ML-72.

White spirit is a product obtained from the distillation of petroleum and the corresponding purification of the resulting substance, better known as a solvent. But this is not the only area of ​​its application. To have a more complete understanding of white spirit, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with its features.

What does it represent? Somewhat oily, colorless (sometimes with a yellowish tint) liquid. The feedstock is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds.

Main characteristics

There is no point in considering them all in detail, especially since not every one of us is familiar with the special terminology (and the meaning of individual parameters for everyday use).

All data is indicative, since there is no exact (standard) chemical composition. Solvents from different manufacturers may differ in both individual ingredients and their proportions. General requirements for the finished product are reflected in GOST No. 3134 of 1978.

Temperature (minimum, ºС):

• ignition – 33;
• boiling - 1,600.

Volatility degree (xylene) – 4.

Density (g/cm³) at room temperature – 0.76.

Toxicity level is low.

Application – universal.

The optimal consumption (per 1 m²) is in the range from 100 to 145 g.

Container – glass or plastic.

It makes no sense to use white spirit (as well as to purchase it) made more than 3 years ago, since during this time it loses almost all of its properties, regardless of storage conditions.

Scope of application

On an industrial scale - for the production of:

• antiseptics;
• paints, varnishes:
• drying oils;
• priming agents;
• various mastics, pastes (grinding, for example).

At home

• For preliminary preparation of the base - degreasing.
• For a thick consistency.
• For cleaning materials from deposits. For example, white spirit is popular among numismatists, who use it to “reanimate” old coins, giving them their original appearance.

Safety precautions

• Work - in skin protection products.
• If the substance is used in a closed space, then in addition - a respirator + effective ventilation (ventilation).
• Storing the solvent away from heat sources (especially open fire).
• In case of fire, water must not be used to extinguish.

Price

Depends on the manufacturer, so this is just an example (in rubles/l):

• imported white spirit – from 265;
• domestic – from 105.

Note! The main difference between foreign-made white spirit is the absence of a specific, rather pungent odor. How relevant this is when used in certain conditions is up to you, dear reader, to decide. For example, is it worth overpaying just for the brand if the work is carried out outdoors? It should also be taken into account that some domestic varieties of white spirit, made using modern technologies, are also practically odorless. You just need to look for the appropriate products.

What is white spirit solvent?

White spirit solvent is a petroleum product that is extracted as a result of distillation and purification of oil. This substance, obtained from the synthesis of synthetic carbons during oil refining, is widely used in every branch of construction work. This name white-spirit was taken from the English words White and Spirit. White - means white and colorless color and spirit - means spirit. In the construction world, this solvent is usually called white spirit as nefras C4-155/200. A simpler name is “Stoddard” solvent from the English. phrases Stoddard solvent.

As for the smell, white spirit has a sharp smell, something like kerosene. It can be felt already at a distance of several meters. White spirit vapors are extremely toxic, which is why they can cause a high degree of intoxication in humans. Therefore, when starting to work with such things, always wear a respirator and other protective clothing.

What does white spirit consist of?

As such, there is no direct formula for this solvent. The basis for the production of white-spirit is usually a mixture of aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon bonds.

Manufacturers often indicate their percentage:

• 14% - aroma components;

Characteristics of white spirit

As was written earlier, white spirit is a transparent-viscous substance that resembles motor oil with a specific odor. Modern European technologies allow us to avoid the imperfections of solvents. We would like to give you an average table of indicators for high-quality white-spirit? By which you can easily determine in the future whether the solvent is of high quality:

• 3.5-5 - volatility level;

Pros and cons of White-spirit

If we take our domestic white-spirit and its foreign analogue for comparison, we can conclude that the imported one may not have a specific odor, but ours greatly benefits in the effectiveness of its direct task, since it is better able to clean surfaces from greasy components.

Therefore, we advise you to buy domestically produced white-spirit solvents, because it’s all about proportions. In imported white-spirit solvents, the mass fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons is significantly lower than in domestic ones, and therefore they are inferior in dissolving ability. Solvent power is much more important than unpleasant odor. To do this, just stock up on a respirator and skin protection and you will no longer be afraid of dangerous chemical factors.

• rapid weathering;
• adequate cost;

Using white spirit

• as a substance for pre-cleaning surfaces before painting.

You can learn how to perform this procedure from the video below.

Application process

Degreasing with white spirit

The degreasing process with white-spirit is also very simple. Often they like to use white spirit to clean painting areas, to increase the adhesion of paint to the surface. To do this, apply a small amount of the solution to the treatment area and rub it with a cloth, leaving the solvent there for a few minutes, and then wipe until completely dry. The main rule that you should follow during this procedure is the use of gloves; without them, you risk harming the skin of your hands, since the solvent is a very caustic substance. Do not forget about the volatility of this substance; always work with it in an open, well-ventilated area. Regarding the rules for storing white-spirit, follow the rules that apply to flammable substances.

1. Work with solvents only in special clothing designed for contact with chemicals. Do not forget about gloves and respirators, as volatile vapors from the solvent can cause poisoning of the body, itching and even drug addiction.

All solvents, including white-spirit, are classified as hazard class 4 when in contact with humans. Therefore, handle it with extreme caution, adhering to all the above rules and regulations.

Bottom line

White-spirit is a kind of “veteran” in the solvent market. In addition to this solvent, there are also many chemicals for cleaning and degreasing the surface, which are also obtained during the oil refining process. These are all kinds of benzene solvents. They can boast the same properties as whitr-spirit (small component composition, relatively high boiling point, low toxicity, excellent diluting ability when working with film-forming, coloring and extractable substances, a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in their composition).

However, white spirit is still the most popular solution for cleaning, thinning and degreasing in the construction world, even with the emergence of more modern alternatives. This is achieved due to the fact that no other analogue is still able to boast such impressive performance when used in relation to a reasonable price. The main rule for the high-quality use of white-spirit solvent is the competent and strict fulfillment of all the required conditions for working with the solvent specified in the instructions. Only in this case will you be able to achieve maximum performance without the slightest harm to your health.

bouw.ru

spirit - technical characteristics and areas of application

White spirit is a product obtained from the distillation of petroleum and the corresponding purification of the resulting substance, better known as a solvent. But this is not the only area of ​​its application. To have a more complete understanding of white spirit, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with its features.

What does it represent? Somewhat oily, colorless (sometimes with a yellowish tint) liquid. The feedstock is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds.

Main characteristics

There is no point in considering them all in detail, especially since not every one of us is familiar with the special terminology (and the meaning of individual parameters for everyday use).

All data is indicative, since there is no exact (standard) chemical composition. Solvents from different manufacturers may differ in both individual ingredients and their proportions. General requirements for the finished product are reflected in GOST No. 3134 of 1978.

Temperature (minimum, ºС):

• ignition – 33;
• boiling - 1,600.

Volatility degree (xylene) – 4.

Density (g/cm³) at room temperature – 0.76.

Toxicity level is low.

Application – universal.

The optimal consumption (per 1 m²) is in the range from 100 to 145 g.

Container – glass or plastic.

It makes no sense to use white spirit (as well as to purchase it) made more than 3 years ago, since during this time it loses almost all of its properties, regardless of storage conditions.

Scope of application

On an industrial scale - for the production of:

• antiseptics;
• paints, varnishes:
• drying oils;
• priming agents;
• various mastics, pastes (grinding, for example).

At home

• For preliminary preparation of the base - degreasing.
• For diluting paint and varnish compositions of thick consistency.
• For cleaning materials from deposits. For example, white spirit is popular among numismatists, who use it to “reanimate” old coins, giving them their original appearance.

Safety precautions

• Work - in skin protection products.
• If the substance is used in a closed space, then in addition - a respirator + effective ventilation (ventilation).
• Storing the solvent away from heat sources (especially open fire).
• In case of fire, water must not be used to extinguish.

Price

Depends on the manufacturer, so this is just an example (in rubles/l):

• imported white spirit – from 265;
• domestic – from 105.

Note! The main difference between foreign-made white spirit is the absence of a specific, rather pungent odor. How relevant this is when used in certain conditions is up to you, dear reader, to decide. For example, is it worth overpaying just for the brand if the work is carried out outdoors? It should also be taken into account that some domestic varieties of white spirit, made using modern technologies, are also practically odorless. You just need to look for the appropriate products.

masterim.guru

Solvent consumption p 646 per 1 m2

Over the years, as well as now, solvents are in great demand. New species are constantly appearing. They are designed to dissolve various substances. In addition, they are used to improve performance, as well as to obtain paints and varnishes of the desired consistency.

For the production of solvents both based on one component and using many substances. Solid, liquid, and gaseous components can be used for production. Most solvents are liquid.

To evaluate solvents, attention is paid to many criteria.

Depending on the manufacturing process as well as the quality of the components, some special characteristics depend. We are talking about toxicity, acidity level, what level of chemical additives, fire hazard, etc.

Solvents have found applications in instrument making, machine manufacturing, the chemical industry, leather goods, footwear, laboratory research, and medicine.

Types of solvents

Depending on the type of work, you need to select a specific solvent. If bitumen, glyphthalic varnishes and paints are used, xylene, turpentine, and solvent are best suited. The best option when working with oil paints is white spirit, gasoline or turpentine. Acetone is better suited for perchlorovinyl coatings. When working with adhesive or water-dispersion paints, the best option is multicomponent solvents.

Characteristics of solvent P646

For many decades they have been used to dilute paint and varnish products. At the moment, these thinning compositions have found their use not only for diluting paintwork materials, but also for cleaning tools, removing stains, degreasing and much more.

The most popular is multicomponent solvent 646. P646 is produced. This substance is produced using substances such as toluene, ethanol, as well as acetone and some other components. Solvent 646 is used at almost all stages of finishing work, the consumption depends on what kind of work needs to be done.

Its main advantages are that it has unique properties in terms of physical and chemical indicators. With its help, you can save a lot on the solvent consumption rate of 646 per 1 m2.

It has been specially developed for use with certain special substances created for the protective functions of the surfaces of objects and equipment made of various materials. When the substance evaporates, additional shine is added. Grade P646 is the most active when compared with other multi-component types. Therefore, during use you need to be very careful so that the lowest layer of paintwork on the surface is not damaged.

Positive sides

• Before considering what the solvent is made of, it is necessary to talk about the advantages.
• It is very easy to use. On the packaging you can find detailed instructions for use.
• Its cost is not high. This type of solvent can be easily purchased at any specialty hardware store.
• If you use it, the drying period will be significantly shorter. Another advantage is that the surface will be shiny.
• Can be used in many industries.
• Low consumption per m2.

GOST 18188-72, which contains the requirements for this substance, states that this solvent can be yellowish or completely colorless, with a pungent odor. It can be successfully used both for industrial purposes and for household purposes when thinning paints and varnishes or degreasing surfaces. It can successfully cope with the tasks of cleaning instruments and removing stains.

What are the consumption rates for 1 sq.m2

When you want to use it, you need to know exactly what varnishes and paints it can be used with, and how much you need to add. It is important to understand that the consumption when degreasing surfaces, as well as diluting varnishes and paints, differs significantly. Moreover, the solvent consumption will not be the same when diluting different types of varnishes and paints.

To determine the optimal consumption per m2, you need to take into account the technical conditions, as well as the standards of paints and varnishes. Experimental studies are being carried out. The general degree of dilution of paintwork materials determines the solvent consumption rates for a particular substance.

In order to properly dilute nitrocellulose putty NTs-00-7, according to state standards, you will need to use 1.23 kg/t of solvent. To dilute nitroglyphthalic enamels NTs-132 and NTs-1200, you will need 1.17 and 0.85 kg/t, respectively.

Since solvent 646 is one of the most effective when compared with other multicomponent substances, it is in high demand in the construction of special-purpose facilities, as well as in the repair and maintenance of complex equipment.

HV-784 varnish and EP-00-10 putty are used for industrial purposes, as well as to ensure reliable protection of the internal surfaces of tanks and pipelines. They are highly effective, but can only be used if diluted with solvent 646. For such substances, 0.086 kg/m2 should be used.

If equipment or mechanisms are used in unfavorable atmospheric conditions, constant contact with oil products or salt water, they must be painted with NTs-11 enamel. In order to dilute it, solvent 646 is also suitable. It will require 0.528 kg per square meter.

The outer surfaces of metal mechanisms, which are also used in conditions of adverse atmospheric influences, constant contact with salt water or petroleum products, must be coated with NTs-1200 enamel diluted with solvent 646. It will require 0.147 kg per square meter.

When using NC-25 enamel, which is intended for painting indoor wood and metal surfaces, it must also be diluted with this solvent. For such purposes, the P-646 norm is 0.120 kg per square meter.

To protect the surface of concrete structures from the negative effects of aggressive substances such as acids and alkalis with a pH level of 6.0 - 10.0, it is necessary to use EP-00-10 putty. But it will protect effectively only if you use solvent 646 in an amount of 1.2 kg/m2.

In order to create effective protection for the interior of equipment such as pipelines, oil settling tanks and cooling towers, EP-5116 Enamel is used. It is suitable for the protective purpose of steel and concrete structures from atmospheric influences, moisture, as well as aggressive substances such as alkalis, solutions of phosphoric and nitric acids, saline solutions, etc. Solvent 646 is perfect for diluting enamel. It will require 0.169 kg per square meter.

You can buy high-quality solvent from our company that fully complies with the requirements of state standards. The price of the product is more than affordable.

www.uzli.info

White spirit solvent: characteristics, consumption, application

1 226 0 Date: 03/29/2017

In various industries and construction, various solvents are used to obtain the desired consistency of consumable liquid materials and to pre-treat the surface. One of the most popular options is white spirit, all the technical characteristics and rules of use of which you will learn from this article.

What is white spirit?

White spirit is a substance obtained by distilling and refining petroleum. At its core, it is one of the fractions of high-boiling gasoline.

Important! Today you can buy white spirit of both domestic production and imported brands. Moreover, the second option is distinguished mainly by the complete absence of an unpleasant pungent odor. The price of white spirit will vary not only by brand, but also depending on the volume of packaging capacity

White spirit composition

There is no single exact formula for this solvent. The basis for its production is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.

For many manufacturers, the percentage corresponds to:

• 16% - aromatic substances;
• 0.025% - mass fraction of sulfur matter.

  Important! Regardless of the proportions of components used and the raw material processing technology, the finished white spirit solvent must meet the technical characteristics in accordance with the requirements of GOST 3134-78.

Technical characteristics of white spirit

In appearance, white spirit is a relatively viscous transparent substance, similar in consistency to machine oil. In addition, it has a very pronounced sharp odor of kerosene or does not have it, which is typical for improved modern versions of this solvent.

There are white spirits on sale today, the technical characteristics of which correspond to the following indicators:

• 3-4.5 - degree of volatility;
• 33°C - minimum combustion temperature;
• 0.79 g/cm3 - density parameters at a temperature of 20C;
• 1650°C is the standard initial boiling point of the solvent;
• 100-150 g/m2 is the recommended consumption of the substance.

  Important! The permissible maximum shelf life from the date of release of the white spirit solvent is no more than 3 years. Packing can be carried out in glass bottles of various capacities - from 0.25 to 1 dm3. All bottles are packed in boxes made of polymer materials, cardboard or wood.

Advantages of white spirit solvent

White spirit has several advantages. Among the most significant, regarding its value, note:

• low level of toxicity in comparison with analogue materials;
• rapid odor dissipation;
• low price;
• wide range of applications.

Application of white spirit

This solvent has very wide capabilities. It is recommended to be used in the following areas:

• production of paints and varnishes;
• production of antibacterial solutions for wood processing;
• production of drying oils, primers;
• as a cleaning agent for parts of industrial equipment and automobiles;
• for degreasing metal surfaces;
• for the preparation of bitumen, slate, rubber roofing and automotive mastics;
• in the production of polishing and grinding pastes;
• as a substance for preliminary preparation of various types of surfaces before painting.

  Important! White spirit is also excellent for cleaning coins, including collectibles. Find out how to perform this procedure correctly from the video below.

Application technology

The purchased solvent is already ready for use. The technology for its use is very simple:

1. Add a small amount of solvent to the desired material.
2. Mix thoroughly until smooth.
3. Repeat as necessary until the desired consistency of the main consumable is obtained.

Safety rules for use

Despite the not very high toxicity threshold compared to other materials in the solvent group, white spirit requires caution from the user and careful adherence to safety rules:

1. Always work with solvent in protective clothing - gloves and a respirator, as vapors can cause intoxication, body poisoning, skin allergies, and even drug addiction with frequent prolonged use.
2. Well ventilate the room in which work was carried out using white spirit.
3. During storage, limit exposure of containers to direct sunlight - ignoring this rule can lead to the accumulation of electrostatic charge and fire.
4. It is strictly unacceptable to work with this solvent near an open fire, and artificial lighting must comply with explosion safety standards.
5. To open containers, it is unacceptable to use tools that can produce a spark upon impact.
6. White spirit cannot be pumped or drained using compressed air equipment.
7. If the solvent catches fire, extinguish it with all special means, but do not use water to extinguish the fire.

Conclusion

White spirit does not lose its position of popularity among consumers, despite the appearance of newer solvents on the market. This is mainly due to its excellent technical characteristics combined with an affordable price. The main condition for the correct use of this solvent is strict adherence to all safety regulations. In this case, you will be able to get the desired result of the quality of the work performed and not harm your own health.

__________________________________________________

trestusc.ru

Construction machines and equipment, reference book

Car refinishing

Removal of corrosion products and degreasing

To remove corrosion products (rust) from the surface of metals, mechanical and chemical methods are used. In the first case, they use various mechanized tools or clean the metal manually with steel brushes, scrapers, sandpaper or other abrasive material. This treatment must be done very carefully, since corroded metal is fragile and easily damaged. Mechanical cleaning usually begins with removing rust from easily accessible places. Hard-to-reach areas, gaps, cracks, places where parts are joined by welding and bolts are cleaned of rust with scrapers and steel needles.

Removing rust mechanically is a difficult and time-consuming process. To make it easier, car enthusiasts come up with various tools. For example, a simple method has been proposed for manufacturing a device for cleaning rust from hard-to-reach areas of the body. For this purpose, a piece of steel cable with a diameter of 10 and a length of 500 mm is cut off. The cable is inserted into a pipe with a diameter of 14 and a length of 500 mm so that 25 mm of cable protrudes from both sides of the pipe, after which the ends of the pipe are clamped in a vice (Fig. 2). Naturally, the dimensions of the cable and pipe in the manufacture of devices of the described type can be very different.

Light rust is removed manually using coarse (coarse-grained) sandpaper. To facilitate work and reduce dust formation, “wet” cleaning can be performed. In this case, the surface of the metal to be cleaned must be moistened with white spirit or kerosene, and then polished as usual. A freshly cleaned metal surface easily rusts, so it is not recommended to leave cleaned surfaces for a long time without a protective coating.

The process of removing oxides and hydrates of metal oxides from the surface of a metal by chemical methods is called etching. It is usually carried out by treating products with solutions of acids or acid salts.

Using chemical rust removers makes the job much easier. However, it must be remembered that if, after treatment with preparations containing acid, their residues are not thoroughly removed, then in the future they themselves can contribute to the development of corrosion.

Before etching, the surface must be degreased, because residual grease and fat impair its wettability and etching proceeds unevenly. The etching process consists of the following operations: degreasing, treatment with an acid-containing composition, rinsing with water, rinsing with a neutralizing composition, rinsing with water, drying.

Stores sell ready-to-use compositions for removing rust from metal surfaces. The most common is “Omega-1 Auto Rust Cleaner”. It is a mixture of orthophosphoric acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, aerosil and a corrosion inhibitor. Before use, the cleaner must be mixed well, and then applied with a spatula or brush in a layer of 1-3 mm to the rusty surface and left on it for 5-30 minutes (depending on the thickness of the rust layer). After this, remove the cleaner with a dry cloth or brush and wipe the surface dry. Cleaner consumption is 0.8-1.2 kg per 1m2. Walrus paste has similar properties.

Rice. 1. Device for cleaning metal from rust

The composition is applied to the car body with a brush, kept for 3-5 minutes at a temperature of 20-25 ° C, after which it is washed off with warm water. Residues of acid are removed with neutralizing composition No. 107, consisting of 47.5% ethyl alcohol, 2.5% ammonia and 50% water.

Etching pastes based on hydrochloric acid have become widespread.

To obtain pastes, you must first dissolve cellulose derivatives in water, then add liquid glass and paper pulp. Slowly pour acids and formaldehyde into the resulting suspension with constant stirring.

The composition is applied to the surface to be cleaned with a brush or wooden spatula in a layer of 1-3 mm and left on it for 20-40 minutes. The surface is periodically inspected, for which the paste is removed in certain places with a spatula.

The etching paste is also removed from the surface with a spatula, and for final cleaning, the surface is washed with water from a hose. After this, an inhibitor paste is applied to it, which acts as a passivator. It is applied and removed from the surface in the same way as etching paste. The holding time of the inhibitor paste on the surface at room temperature is 30 minutes. After removing the inhibitor paste, the surface is washed with water, wiped dry and immediately primed.

The inhibitor paste has the following composition (in parts by weight): potassium chromate 9, cellulose sulfite lye (50% solution), water 95, infusorial earth 80. It is prepared as follows. Potassium chromate is dissolved in water, then cellulose sulfite lye and infusor soil are added to the solution with stirring. The paste must be homogeneous and viscous.

Mixed rust cleaning is most effective. It consists in the fact that the surface is first cleaned by mechanical means, and then the rust residues in the metal pores are treated with etching compounds.

Removing corrosion products is one of the most labor-intensive operations when preparing a surface for painting. It can be significantly alleviated by the use of rust converters, which make it possible to transfer it to an inactive state. Rust converters are divided into 2 groups. The first includes the converters themselves, which only convert corrosion products into more stable compounds. Usually these are aqueous-alcohol or aqueous-acetone solutions of phosphoric acid with the addition of tannin, hydroquinone, various corrosion inhibitors, etc. They are applied to the surface without first removing the rust, and after 12-24 hours the surface is considered ready for applying a primer.

The second group is converting primers, i.e. compositions that not only transform rust, but also form a whip on the metal surface, which is a primer sublayer for subsequent layers of protective coating.

Of the compositions of the first group, the most commonly sold ones are “Auto-converter of rust-1”, “Auto-converter of rust lignin”, “Rust neutralizer VSN-1” and “Buvanol”.

It should be noted that rust converters do not interact with scale, and the maximum thickness of the rust layer, as a rule, should not exceed 80-100 microns. Therefore, if you do not first remove thick layers of loose rust, then the converters will penetrate only into the outer layers of the rusty surface, and the corrosion process will unhindered develop deeper already under the layer of converted products. In addition, it is necessary to strictly maintain the duration of the transformation, otherwise the unreacted acid itself will become a source of corrosion.

A typical representative of the first group of modifiers is “Autoconverter-1 rust” - a product of the interaction of phosphoric acid with sodium chromate and zinc oxide. In appearance it is a clear orange or orange-green liquid. The autoconverter is non-flammable and low-toxic, and its consumption is 100-130 g/m2.

Before applying the converter, the metal surface must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and loose rust must be scraped off with a wire brush. Then degrease with white spirit, dry and after 20-30 minutes with a hard brush, thoroughly shading and rubbing into the surface, apply a rust converter. After a day, the surface should be slightly moistened with water, and after 4-5 days, primer GF-021 or FL-03K should be applied.

To transform rust and transfer it to an inactive state, “Rust Neutralizer VSN-1”, produced in the form of an aqueous solution, is intended. It is applied in the same way as “Auto-converter-1 rust”. After about 30 minutes, the surface acquires a whitish-gray color, after which it must be washed with water, dried and primed. The drug effectively converts rust at 10-30 ° C and retains its properties after freezing and thawing.

“Auto-converter of rust lignin” is a mixture consisting of aminolignin, phosphoric acid, emulsifier, coagulator and water. In appearance, it is an oily liquid paste of dark brown color with the smell of fruit essence. Non-flammable and low toxic. It has thixotropic properties and is easily adhered to vertical and ceiling surfaces. Consumption 120-150 g/mg. Converts a layer of rust up to 150 microns thick. At room temperature, the rust conversion process takes place in 16-20 hours, at 100-110 C in 15-20 minutes. It is allowed to apply the converter to a damp surface. It can be applied by brush, roller or spray gun. After treatment with a converter, the metal surface can be from gray to dark brown in color (depending on the grade of steel and the nature of rust) without swelling or peeling. This product converts rust into water-insoluble, chemically resistant compounds that are firmly bonded to the metal surface.

“Rust modifier P-1T” is designed to stabilize rust and transfer it to an inactive state. It is a solution of the following composition (in % by weight): orthophosphoric acid (30%) – 10H5; tannin 8-HO; butyl alcohol 5-HO; ethyl alcohol 9H0; acetone 9-HO; zinc chromate 9-10; barium carbonate<Н-10; вода – остальное, до 100 %.

The P-1T modifier is recommended for treating surfaces with a rust layer of up to 100 microns. It is applied with a brush and diluted (when thickened) with water. Drying time at room temperature is 3 hours. In the initial state, the modifier has a dark brown color, and after application to the surface and drying it becomes dark blue.

After treatment with the P-1T modifier, the surface must be coated with primer GF-021 or FL-03K before painting.

“Rust modifier 444” contains phosphoric acid, tannin, borax, sodium metasilicate and a number of other substances. It has high penetrating power and can transform rust up to 150 microns thick. It is applied by spraying or brushing. The modifier is non-flammable and does not lose its properties at low temperatures.

The protective properties of coatings applied to surfaces treated with rust converters are, as a rule, lower than coatings applied to rust-free metal.

When applying rust converters, it is necessary to ensure that they do not come into contact with surfaces where the paint and varnish coating has been removed, since the phosphoric acid and complexing agents they contain, which have not reacted with metal oxides, reduce the adhesion of coatings.

To remove traces of organic oils and other fatty contaminants from the surface, which impair its wetting and reduce the adhesion of coatings, it is degreased. All degreasing compositions can be divided into three groups: aqueous alkaline solutions, organic solvents and emulsion compositions. The latter are emulsions of solvents in water, stabilized by surfactants. The advantage of such compositions is their non-flammability, lower toxicity than individual solvents, as well as the high efficiency of the degreasing process due to the simultaneous dissolution and emulsification of contaminants. The following is one of the emulsion degreasing compositions (% by weight):

In industry, especially in serial and mass production, aqueous 5-10% solutions of synthetic detergents are usually used: KM-1, Lobamid-101, MS-15, MS-17, etc. These compositions are produced in the form of powders. They are based on soda ash, trisodium phosphate, surfactants, and defoamers. The average consumption of detergent compositions is 2-6 g/m2.

When carrying out repair painting in an unequipped garage, it is better to use white spirit or purified gasoline for degreasing. Degreasing is carried out by wiping the metal surface with a brush or cotton rag moistened with a solvent, followed by air drying. It is necessary to ensure that no fabric lint remains on the surface during the degreasing process. It is not recommended to use kerosene for degreasing, since, although it cleans the surface of grease and oil, it leaves a film on it that impairs the adhesion of paint and varnish coatings.

Trichlorethylene is a very effective degreaser, but can only be used on ferrous metals. It is not allowed to degrease products made of aluminum and its alloys, as explosive mixtures may form. Trichlorethylene should also not be used to degrease parts wetted with aqueous solutions or emulsions, because this may result in the formation of an insoluble sticky mass.

When choosing degreasing compounds, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the subsequent surface treatment. So, if after degreasing the product will be treated with an aqueous solution, for example phosphating, then it is better to use aqueous alkaline compounds for degreasing.

To check the cleanliness of the surface before painting for the absence of grease, dust and moisture, wipe it with clean filter paper. If traces of grease or dirt remain on the filter paper, the surface must be thoroughly rinsed again with a solvent.

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Determining the consumption of solvent 646 per m2 of surface – DHZ LLC

Solvents are inorganic and organic volatile compounds that allow the dissolution of various types of substances. They are also used to improve the characteristics and obtain the desired consistency of paints and varnishes.

General characteristics of solvents.

Solvents are manufactured both on the basis of one component and using several components. It may contain liquid, solid and gaseous substances, but in most cases, solvents are produced in liquid form.

Solvents are generally rated based on the following characteristics: water percentage, appearance, volatility, and density. The manufacturing technology and quality of the compositions are determined by some special characteristics, such as: toxicity, acidity, the presence of chemical additives, flammability and other indicators.

Solvents are used in instrument and mechanical engineering, in many branches of the chemical industry, in leather goods and footwear production, in laboratories and the medical industry.

Types of solvents.

Each type of work requires the use of a specific type of solvent composition:

• For glyphthalic and bitumen varnishes and paints, turpentine, xylene, and solvent are used.
• For oil paints - white spirit, turpentine, gasoline.
• For perchlorovinyl paints and varnishes – acetone.
• For water-based and adhesive paints, multicomponent solvents can be used.

Solvent 646 - general characteristics.

Back in the last century, solvents began to be produced and used, the main purpose of which was to dilute nitro enamels and nitro varnishes. Today, such thinning compositions are used not only for diluting paintwork materials, but also for cleaning tools, removing stains, degreasing and other purposes. The most popular is the multicomponent solvent brand 646. It contains toluene, acetone, ethanol and other components that are used in almost all types of finishing work. This solvent not only has excellent physical and chemical properties, it will also allow significant savings on such an indicator as the consumption rate of solvent 646 per 1 m2.

Solvent 646 is designed for use with nitro varnishes and nitro enamels, glyphthalic and epoxy primers. After evaporation in these compositions, it gives them additional shine. It is this brand of solvent that is considered the most active among other multicomponent analogues, so during its use you need to be careful so as not to accidentally damage the lowest layer of paintwork on the surface.

The main advantages of solvent 646.

Before moving on to considering the composition of the solvent, we will first dwell on its main advantages:

• Easy to use. Instructions for use are indicated on the packaging.
• Low price and availability. This composition can be purchased at any hardware store.
• Accelerates the drying time of the paint and varnish coating, and also creates a smooth and shiny film on the surface.
• Wide range of use.

If you look at GOST 18188-72, it says that solvent 648 is a yellowish or completely colorless liquid that has a sharp, specific odor. It is widely used both in industry and in everyday life for thinning paints and degreasing surfaces. It can also be used to clean instruments and remove stains.

Solvent consumption rates 648?

When using a solvent of this brand, it is very important to know which paintwork materials can be diluted with it, and how much of it needs to be added. For example, when using solvent 646, the consumption when degreasing and diluting paintwork materials will be completely different. It will also differ in the case of dilution of various paint and varnish compositions - primers, enamels, putties and other materials.

Solvent consumption rates are established on the basis of technical specifications and standards for paints and varnishes, as well as experimental studies. These solvent consumption rates are determined based on the overall degree of dilution of paintwork materials. This data is provided in special reference books.

For example, to dilute nitrocellulose putty NTs-00-7, according to GOST 18188-72, you will need 1.23 kg/t of solvent. To dilute nitroglyphthalic enamels NTs-132P and NTs-1200, 1.17 kg/t and 0.85 kg/t of solvent are needed, respectively.

Since 646 solvent is considered one of the most effective among other multicomponent compositions, it is often used in the construction of special-purpose facilities and repair of complex equipment. Let's look at some examples of solvent 646 consumption per 1 m2.

Solvent consumption rates when using XV-784 varnish and EP-00-10 putty. These compounds are very often used in various manufacturing enterprises and plants to protect the internal surfaces of decarbonizing water tanks, surfaces of decarbonizer clarifiers, chemical water treatment tanks, wash water tanks, condensate storage tanks, mechanical tanks of alkali regeneration solutions of chemical treatment and water desalination pipelines. These varnishes can only be used with solvent 646, the consumption rate of which for these purposes will be 0.086 kg/sq.m.

Metal surfaces that operate in atmospheric conditions, sea water and oil products are painted with NTs-11 enamel. To dilute it, solvents 645, 646, 6468 are used, the total consumption rate of which is 0.528 kg/m2.

External surfaces, which are also used in atmospheric conditions, conditions of sea water and oil products, are processed using NTs-1200 enamel. To dilute it, solvent 646 is used, the consumption rate of which is 0.147 kg/m2.

NTs-25 enamel, when used for painting metal and wooden surfaces (indoors), is diluted with 646 solvent. In this case, the consumption rate of solvent 646 is 0.120 kg/m2.

To protect concrete surfaces from the effects of aqueous solutions of acids and alkalis pH 6.0-10.0, putty EP-00-10 is used. However, it can only provide its performance characteristics if it is diluted with solvent 646. To dilute the putty, you will need 1.2 kg/m2. To protect the inner surface of clarifiers; mechanical and Na-cationite filters; clarifier tanks, decarbonized chemically purified, washing water, alkali regeneration solution tanks, sodium hydroxide tanks (40%), sodium hydroxide solution tanks, hydrazine hydrate storage tanks and other equipment, epoxy putty EP-00-10 is also used. In this case, the solvent consumption will be 0.138 kg/m2.

EP-5116 enamel is used to protect the internal surface of equipment (pipelines, cooling towers, oil settling tanks), as well as steel and concrete structures from exposure to the atmosphere, moisture and aggressive environments (alkali solutions, weak solutions of nitric and phosphoric acids, saline solutions, etc.) . This enamel is diluted with solvents R-4, R-5 and 646, and the liquid consumption will be 0.169 kg/m2.

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application, composition, GOST, consumption per 1 m2

What is dissolving white spirit?

White spirit solvent is a petroleum product that is extracted as a result of distillation and purification of oil. This substance, obtained from the synthesis of synthetic carbons during oil refining, is widely used in every branch of construction work. This name "white-spirit" was taken from the English words White and Spirit. White - (means white and colorless color) and spirit - (means spirit or you can also say soul). In the construction world, this solvent is usually called white spirit as nefras C4-155/200. A simpler name is “Stoddard” solvent from the English. phrases Stoddard solvent.

First of all, this substance (white-spirit) is used in the field of paints and varnishes for stirring and diluting all kinds of varnish and oil paints, including alkyd. This procedure allows you to reduce the cost of varnishing materials without compromising quality. White-spirit also performs a secondary task - it perfectly dissolves vegetable oils and fats. In general, it performs the function of degreasing. This solvent is also used for cleaning engines.

As for the smell, white spirit has a sharp smell, something like kerosene. It can be felt already at a distance of several meters. White spirit vapors are extremely toxic, which is why they can cause a high degree of intoxication in humans. Therefore, when starting to work with such things, always wear a respirator and other protective clothing.

Buying white-spirit these days is not difficult. In the modern market you can find both foreign and domestic brands. As for pricing policy, it’s up to everyone to decide what is more important – smell or money.

What does white spirit consist of?

As such, there is no direct formula for this solvent. The basis for the production of white-spirit is usually a mixture of aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon bonds.

Often, manufacturers indicate their percentage:

• 14% - aroma components;
• 0.035% - mass fraction of the sulfur component.

Important! Regardless of the proportions and technologies used for preparing the substance, the white-spirit solvent as a finished product must comply with the standards of GOST 3134-78.

Characteristics of white spirit

As was written earlier, white spirit is a transparent-viscous substance that resembles motor oil with a specific odor. Modern European technologies allow us to avoid the imperfections of solvents. We would like to give you an average table of indicators for high-quality white-spirit? By which you can easily determine in the future whether the solvent is of high quality:

• 3.5-5 - volatility level;
• 32°C - minimum temperature for fire to occur;
• 0.69 g/cm. cube - density of the substance at a temperature of 20 degrees;
• 1590°C is the average temperature for the solvent to start boiling;
• 110-160 g/m2 - recommended consumption.

Important! Do not store white-spirit solvent for more than 3 years.

The solvent is produced in containers from 0.30 l to 1.0 l. Each batch of products is packaged in boxes made of polymer and wood material.

Pros and cons of White-spirit

If we take our domestic white-spirit and its foreign analogue for comparison, we can conclude that the imported one does not have a specific odor, but ours greatly benefits in the effectiveness of its direct task, since it is better able to clean surfaces from greasy components.

Therefore, we advise you to buy domestically produced white-spirit solvents, because... it's all about proportions. In imported white-spirit solvents, the mass fraction of aroma hydrocarbons is significantly lower than in domestic ones, and therefore they are inferior in dissolving ability. Solvent power is much more important than unpleasant odor. To do this, just stock up on a respirator and skin protection and you will no longer be afraid of dangerous chemical factors.

The main advantages of using white-spirit for degreasing and diluting are:

• low chemical hazard coefficient compared to other similar solvents;
• rapid weathering;
• adequate cost;
• Wide range of uses for cleaning and degreasing.

Using white spirit

White spirit has a wide range of applications. It is most often used in the following areas:

• in the production of varnishing substances;
• in the production of antimicrobial substrates for wood finishing;
• in the production of soil substances;
• for cleaning machine parts and industrial equipment;
• for removing grease from metal surfaces;
• when preparing mastics for cars, bitumen and shale;
• during the production of polishing and grinding pastes;
• as a substance for pre-cleaning surfaces before painting.

Important! White-spirit is widely used by collectors to clean antique metal items.

Application process

The purchased solvent is already ready for use. The application process is very easy:

1. Place the required amount of white-spirit solvent into the required substance.
2. Mix thoroughly until you have a homogeneous mass.
3. Repeat the procedure if necessary to add white-spirit solvent.

Degreasing with white spirit

The degreasing process with white-spirit is also very simple. Often, white spirit is used to clean painting areas to increase the adhesion of paint to the surface. To do this, apply a small amount of the solution to the treatment area and rub it with a cloth, leaving the solvent there for a few minutes, and then wipe until completely dry. The main rule that you should follow during this procedure is the use of gloves; without them, you risk harming the skin of your hands, since the solvent is a very caustic substance. Do not forget about the volatility of this substance; always work with it in an open, well-ventilated area. Regarding the rules for storing white-spirit, follow the rules that apply to flammable substances.

Safety standards when working with solvents

Even though white-spirit has a fairly low level of toxicity compared to other possible solvents, this solvent still requires delicate handling and compliance with safety standards:

1. Work with solvents only in special clothing designed for contact with chemicals. Don't forget about gloves and respirators, because... volatile vapors from the solvent can cause poisoning of the body, itching and even drug addiction.
2. Always ventilate the room in which you work with white-spirit solvent.
3. Do not expose solvent containers to direct sunlight. Failure to comply with this rule may result in a fire.
4. Under no circumstances should you work with white-spirit solvent near fire sources, this also applies to sources of artificial lighting.
5. During depressurization of the container, do not use objects that can create a spark.
6. Under no circumstances should you pump or drain white-spirit using devices with compressed air, such as pumps.
7. In the event of a solvent fire, use all available means (foam, carbon dioxide, sand) except water to extinguish.

All solvents, including white-spirit, are classified as hazard class 4 when in contact with humans. Therefore, handle it with extreme caution, adhering to all the above rules and regulations.

Bottom line

White-spirit is a kind of “veteran” in the solvent market. In addition to this solvent, there are also many chemicals for cleaning and degreasing the surface, which are also obtained during the oil refining process. These are all kinds of benzene solvents. They can boast the same properties as whitr-spirit (small component composition, relatively high boiling point, low toxicity, excellent diluting ability when working with film-forming, coloring and extractable substances, a small amount of aroma hydrocarbons in their composition).

However, white spirit is still the most popular solution for cleaning, thinning and degreasing in the construction world, even despite the emergence of more modern analogues. This is achieved due to the fact that no other analogue is still able to boast such impressive performance when used in relation to a reasonable price. The main rule for the high-quality use of white-spirit solvent is the competent and strict fulfillment of all the required conditions for working with the solvent specified in the instructions. Only in this case will you be able to achieve maximum performance without the slightest harm to your health.

In various industries and construction, various solvents are used to obtain the desired consistency of consumable liquid materials and to pre-treat the surface. One of the most popular options is white spirit, all the technical characteristics and rules of use of which you will learn from this article.

White spirit is a substance obtained by distilling and refining petroleum. At its core, it is one of the fractions of high-boiling gasoline.

Important! Today you can buy white spirit of both domestic production and imported brands. Moreover, the second option is distinguished mainly by the complete absence of an unpleasant pungent odor. The price of white spirit will vary not only depending on the brand, but also depending on the volume of the packaging container.

White spirit composition

There is no single exact formula for this solvent. The basis for its production is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.

For many manufacturers, the percentage corresponds to:

Technical characteristics of white spirit

In appearance, white spirit is a relatively viscous transparent substance, similar in consistency to machine oil. In addition, it has a very pronounced sharp odor of kerosene or does not have it, which is typical for improved modern versions of this solvent.

There are white spirits on sale today, the technical characteristics of which correspond to the following indicators:

Advantages of white spirit solvent

White spirit has several advantages. Among the most significant, regarding its value, note:

Application of white spirit

This solvent has very wide capabilities. It is recommended to be used in the following areas:

• production of paints and varnishes;
• production of antibacterial solutions for wood processing;
• production of drying oils, primers;
• as a cleaning agent for parts of industrial equipment and automobiles;
• for degreasing metal surfaces;
• for the preparation of bitumen, slate, rubber roofing and automotive mastics;
• in the production of polishing and grinding pastes;
• as a substance for preliminary preparation of various types of surfaces before painting.
  

  Important! White spirit is also excellent for cleaning coins, including collectibles. Find out how to perform this procedure correctly from the video below.
  

Application technology

The purchased solvent is already ready for use. The technology for its use is very simple:

Safety rules for use

Despite the not very high toxicity threshold compared to other materials in the solvent group, white spirit requires caution from the user and careful adherence to safety rules:

Conclusion

White spirit does not lose its position of popularity among consumers, despite the appearance of newer solvents on the market. This is mainly due to its excellent technical characteristics combined with an affordable price. The main condition for the correct use of this solvent is strict adherence to all safety regulations. In this case, you will be able to get the desired result of the quality of the work performed and not harm your own health.