What is the actual shape of the Earth? Is the earth a flat circle or a sphere? Does the South Pole exist? Such questions have been asked not only by ordinary people, but also by famous scientists and people for many years. There is no exact evidence that the Earth is spherical, so people will look for evidence until the whole hidden truth prevails.

People have a lot of questions regarding the flat earth theory. People want to find the answer: Is the earth round or flat? In any case, the Flat Earth is round, not spherical. The earth, according to the evidence of flat earthers, is round and flat in the shape of a disk or saucer.

Wolves in sheep's clothing have covered our eyes with wool. For almost 500 years, the masses of people were completely deceived by the cosmic tale of astronomical dimensions. We have been taught lies on such a scale and so cruelly that we have become blind to our own experience and common sense to see the world and the universe as it is. Through pseudoscientific books and programs, media and public education, universities and government propaganda, the world has been continually brainwashed and slowly indoctrinated over the centuries into absolute belief in the great lie of all times. “Geography textbooks teach children, when they are still too small to understand these things correctly, that the world is a huge ball revolving around the Sun. And this story is constantly repeated, year after year, until the children become adults, at which time they are so busy with other things that it no longer matters to them whether the teaching was true or false. And since they have not heard anyone refute this, they conclude that it must be true, and if not believe it, then at least accept it as a fact. Thus they tacitly assent to a theory which they would have rejected out of hand had it been originally presented to them during what we call the "years of prudence." The consequences of the devil's teaching, whether in religion or science, are much more disastrous than one might imagine, especially in a luxurious age of indulgence like ours. The mind becomes weak and consciousness becomes dry.”

Evidence for the flat earth theory

500 years ago, an elite group of Sun-worshipping cabals disseminated a nihilistic cosmology/cosmogony that the vast majority of the world unquestioningly believes in. We have been taught, against all common sense and experience, that the apparently motionless, flat Earth beneath our feet is in fact a huge moving ball, spinning through space at over 1,000 mph (1,609 km/h), rocking and tilting at 23.5 degrees off its vertical axis, while spinning around the sun at a blinding speed of 67,000 mph (107,826 km/h), interacting with the entire solar system spiraling around the Milky Way at 500,000 mph (804670 km/h), and rushing through the expanding Universe away from the “Big Bang” at an incredible speed of 670,000,000 miles per hour (1078257800 km/h). But you don’t feel or experience any of this! We were taught that the mysterious force called "gravity" is a magical magnetism responsible for keeping everything from falling and supporting the spinning globe, which is strong enough to keep people, oceans and the atmosphere so firmly on the surface, but so weak that it allows insects , it's easy for birds and planes to take off! “As we sit drinking our cup of tea or coffee, the world is supposedly spinning at great speed and there is not even a hint of ripple in our tea until you lightly tap the table with your finger and...!”

“I confess that I cannot imagine how any person in his right mind can believe that the Sun is motionless when he sees with his own eyes that it revolves around the heavens. But how can he believe that the Earth on which we stand rotates at the speed of lightning around the Sun when he does not feel the slightest movement?

We were taught that those tiny pinprick points of light in the night sky known as planets or wandering stars were actually physical, spherical, Earth-like abodes millions of miles away. We were even shown a video of supposedly one of these objects, called Mars. We were taught that the tiny pinprick points of light in the night sky known as the fixed stars were actually suns trillions of miles away, each with its own solar system, rotating moons, and Earth-like planets that are a potential haven for alien life. We have been taught that the Moon has no light of its own, that its light is simply a reflection of the light of the Sun; that some Masons from NASA walked on the Moon, that some other Masons from NASA sent an all-terrain vehicle to Mars; that satellites and space stations constantly circle in a certain position, suspended above the Earth; that Hubble telescopes take pictures of distant planets, galaxies, stars, quasars, black holes, warm holes and other fantastic celestial phenomena. We have been taught that our ignorant ancient ancestors wrongly believed for millennia that the Earth was the flat, stationary center of the universe, but thanks to modern "science" and its Masonic prophets such as Copernicus, Newton, Galileo, Collins, Eldrin and Armstrong, we now believe that the world is a huge rotating ball, covered with land and seas, rushing through endless space.

We were taught that over millions and millions of random "evolutions" and a random Big Bang, the universe began to manifest suns, planets, then water, then somehow single-celled organisms arose from dead, inactive elements, they grew and multiplied, and mutated into large, diverse organisms that continued to grow and multiply and mutate, gaining diversity and complexity (losing plausibility) to the point where amphibians came onto land, replaced gills with lungs, began to breathe air, developed into mammals, became bipedal, grew fingers , evolved into apes, and then, by a stroke of luck, a man-ape hybrid was created, and human history began.

We were taught that it was the height of stupidity and naivety that our ignorant ancestors believed that the Earth was flat, and that if any person somehow still thinks that the Earth is the fixed center of the universe, then he must be the most primitive ignoramus. By now, the "Flat Earth" tag has become a literary synonym for "dorky" and a common cliché derogatory term for insulting someone's intelligence.

“I remember that when I was a little boy I was taught that the Earth was a large ball revolving at great speed around the Sun; and when I expressed to the teacher my fears that the water in the ocean might overflow, I was told that the waters are protected from this by Newton's Law of Gravity, which keeps everything in the right place. I suggested that my face must have shown some signs of disbelief, and my teacher immediately added - I can show you direct evidence of this. A person can spin a bucket filled with water around his head without spilling it, and in the same way, oceans can revolve around the sun without losing a drop. This example was obviously given to exhaust the question, and then I replied that there were no more questions. One might assume that if this had happened after I had grown up, I would have responded as an adult: “Sir, I dare say that the example of a man spinning a bucket of water around his head and oceans revolving around the sun is no do not support your arguments, because the water in the two cases is placed in completely different conditions, since they are different in volume. For an argument to be valid, the conditions must be the same in both cases, and in this example they are not the same. A bucket is a hollow vessel that holds water inside, while, according to your teaching, the Earth is a sphere that is convex on the outside, and, according to the laws of nature, cannot hold any water." Source: VKontakte group "Flat Earth | ISLAM"

“(Aren’t they looking) at the Earth and how it is spread out?” (Quran, 88:20). His words “spread out” obviously (prove) that the Earth is flat, as the scholars of Sharia stand on, and not spherical, as people say, judging by its appearance (i.e. by the shape of the earth’s shadow on the Moon).

Flat Earth Map

All routes are determined by a FLAT EARTH MAP, not a spherical one... it does not take into account the movements of the Earth on its 1674.365 km/h axis and around its orbit, because the Earth does not move, on the contrary, the sun moves in circular motions above the flat Earth.

Video: How planes actually fly over a flat Earth

What does a Flat Earth look like?

Flat Earth Map

The earth is round and flat at the same time

The flat surface of the Earth, and above the ground there is a Dome that no one can overcome!

Flat Earth facts

Is there a so-called “South Pole”?

There is not a single photograph of the South Pole, but photographs of the planet “Mars” and other “false planets” exist, and from all sides. But this is just photoshop, these and other planets do not exist... space does not exist either. The stars are located under the Dome and in fact they are not large in size. But at first it’s hard to believe, because we’ve been deceived since school. If they take photos of Mars and Saturn, then it wouldn’t be difficult to take photos of the Earth... But there is not one original photograph of the south pole and the supposedly spherical Earth.

If the earth is spherical, then why does the compass show the direction of Mecca in a different direction? The South Pole does not exist. This can be proven by the fact that the compass needle always points north. Even if a person is located beyond the equator, at the point closest to the “south pole,” it still points to the north, although it would be logical for it to point to the south, since there is also a magnetic pole there.

Flat Earth Dome

In 1773, Captain Cook became the first modern explorer to sail across the Arctic Circle and reach the ice barrier. Over the course of three voyages, lasting a total of 3 years, Captain Cook and his crew sailed a total of 110,000 km along the Antarctic coast without ever finding an entrance or way through the massive ice wall!
“Yes, but we can go around the South Pole quite easily” - often said by those who do not know, the British ship Challenger, which sailed for 3 years “around” the South Pole and sailed 69,000 miles (approx. 130,000 km) - a sufficient distance to go around the South Pole 6 times, according to the spherical hypothesis. Now no one is allowed to go to Antarctica, this is controlled by the Antarctic Treaty, there are many people (climbers, etc.) with money, opportunities, etc., who have been waiting for years for permission to go there, but in vain.

I am surprised when some ignorant Muslims say, for example, that Islam is the youngest religion or that the Earth is spherical, while Islam is the oldest and only religion that comes from the Creator of the universe (all worlds), life and people, and Planet Earth is actually flat and round, not spherical.

Previously, once upon a time, “scientific” scientists believed that the Universe was infinite and unlimited! And now it is known that “science” was wrong and it has become clear that in fact the universe is limited! Should we believe “scientific” theories? We cannot believe in ASSUMPTIONS! And only the Creator, the Lord of all worlds, One Allah, is not limited by anything, He is Eternal without beginning and without end, Perfect, Wise.

Which Earth is flat or spherical?

What should lead to conviction? - Not blind adherence, but categorical texts of the Koran, hadiths in which there is not the slightest doubt or disagreement, and evidence that is felt in reality, which a person is able to verify... And in those places where it is quite difficult to verify, they lie. Allah Almighty, the Creator of all worlds, says in the Quran:

Say: “Truth has appeared and falsehood has disappeared. Truly, lies are doomed to destruction.”

Truth is the revelations that Allah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and commanded him to preach openly. The truth was revealed to him, which cannot be resisted, and therefore the lie disappeared and disappeared. And it couldn’t be otherwise, because lies are doomed to death and disappearance. Of course, sometimes lies gain strength and spread. However, this happens only when the truth does not oppose it. But as soon as the truth appears, the lie becomes silent and does not even dare to move. That is why erroneous views spread only in those countries where people forget the clear signs of their Lord.

Most people believe that the earth is round. But, as they say in the Quran, the majority are ignorant, and the minority is on the right path.

إذا نصحت أحداً فقال لك :
When you are giving instructions to someone, and he tells you:

أكثر الناس يفعلون هذا !
Most people do this:

فقل له:
Then you tell him:

لو ﺑﺤﺜﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ «ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ » ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ
الكريم ﻟﻮﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ:
If you look for the word "most people" in the Holy Qur'an, you will find after it:

(ﻻ‌‌‌ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ — ﻻ‌‌‌ ﻳﺸﻜﺮﻭﻥ — ﻻ‌‌‌ ﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ) !
"DON'T KNOW"
"NOT GRATEFUL"
“THEY DID NOT BELIEVE.”

ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺤﺜﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ «ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ »
ﻟﻮﺟﺪﺕ بعدها:
If you search in the Holy Qur'an for the word "most of them" you will find after it:
(ﻓﺎﺳﻘﻮﻥ — ﻳﺠﻬﻠﻮﻥ — ﻣﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥ —
ﻻ‌‌‌ ﻳﻌﻘﻠﻮﻥ — ﻻ‌‌‌ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮﻥ) !
"SINNERS"
"IGNORANTS"
"TURN AWAY"
"DO NOT UNDERSTAND",
"DON'T LISTEN"!

فكن أﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ :
And you be from the small number of whom the Almighty said:
{ ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻮﺭ }.
"FEW OF MY SLAVES ARE GRATEFUL"

{ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺁﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﻻ‌‌‌ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ }.
"NOT BELIEVE WITH HIM EXCEPT A SMALL NUMBER"

{ ﺛﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ‌‌‌ﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵ‌‌‌ﺧﺮﻳﻦ }.
“A GROUP OF THE FIRST, AND A LITTLE OF THE LATER.”!

Description of the Earth in the Koran

Here is a list of Quranic verses describing the shape of the earth:

• (13:3) He is the one who spread out (Madda) the earth.
• (15:19) And We spread out the earth (Madadnaha).
• (20:53) He who made the earth a plain (Mahdan) for you.
• (2:22) who made the earth a carpet for you (Firasha).
• (43:10) who made the earth a cradle for you (Mahdan)
• (50:7) And We spread out the earth (Madadnaha)
• (51:48) And We spread the earth (Farashnaha)
• (71:19) Allah has made the earth a bedding (Bisata) for you.
• (78:6) Have We not made the earth a bed (Mihada)
• (88:20) and to the earth as it is spread out (Sutehat).
• (91:6) and the earth and what spread it (Tahaha)

📗 The Quran describes the shape of the earth in the following words:
Madda, Madadnaha, Firasha, Mahdan, Farashnaha, Bisata, Mihada, Tahaha and Sutehat.

Each one means "FLAT". It is clear that the Almighty Creator wanted to tell people in the Quran that the Earth is flat, and He used all the available Arabic vocabulary to convey this idea.

Allah said:

وَيَوْمَ نُسَيِّرُ الْجِبَالَ وَتَرَى الْأَرْضَ بَارِزَةً وَحَشَرْنَاهُمْ فَلَمْ نُغَادِرْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا

“On that Day We will make the mountains move, and you will see that the earth will become flat. We will collect them all and not leave anyone out” / QURAN SURAH “THE CAVE”

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful!

Science says that the change of day and night occurs as a result of the movement of the earth around the sun. At the same time, being on the surface of the Earth, we do not feel the movement of the globe, but can only observe it based on the apparent movement of the sun and stars relative to the Earth.

Sheikh Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) says: “The Quran and the Sunnah prove that in fact, what rotates relative to the earth is the sun. Allah says in the Quran:

“And the sun flows to its abode. This is the decree of the Glorious, the Wise!” 36:38.

He said “swimming” and attributed “swimming” to the sun. Said:

“And you see how the sun, when it rose, turned away from their cave to the right, and when it set, it passed them to the left.” 18:17.

Here it is clear that Allah attributed all four verbs to the sun, and some theories force us to distort the verse from its obvious meaning to another. Whereas these theories are a figment of the imagination.

Allah Almighty says:

• “I did not make them witnesses of the creation of the heavens and the earth and the creation of themselves.” 18:51.
• And man is not given more than a little from the sciences. A person who does not know the essence of his soul, “They ask you about (the essence of) the Spirit. Say: “The spirit is from the command of my Master. And your knowledge of what is given to you is scant!” 17:85.
• How does he try to understand a universe that is greater than his creation? “The creation of heaven and earth is greater than the creation of people, but most people do not know!” 40:57.

We declare that the theory that the change of day and night occurs due to the rotation of the earth around the sun is erroneous because it contradicts the superficial meaning of the Qur'an, which is the word of the Creator Subhanahu wa Taala. And He is more knowledgeable in His creations. How will we distort the words of our Lord from the superficial meaning, due to the existence of theories, when the scientists themselves have differences in these matters. The opinion that the earth is motionless and the sun revolves around it still exists today. Allah Almighty says in the Koran that the night twists around the day and the day twists around the night, that is, they rotate. If this is so, then where does day and night come from, except from the sun? Not from where. This proves that it is the sun that revolves around the earth...”

Allah Almighty said: A sign for them is the night, which We separate from the day, and so they plunge into darkness. The sun floats to its abode. Thus the Mighty, the Knowing has ordained. We have predetermined positions for the moon until it again becomes like an old palm branch. The sun does not have to catch up with the moon, and the night does not run ahead of the day. Everyone floats in orbit. Surah Yasin Verses 37-40

Today, what we are told in schools and everywhere is the absolute “Truth” for us. Many Muslims try to adapt the verses of the Koran to science, clearly distorting their meaning. And about those verses that cannot be adjusted to Science, they are kept silent about them. For example, the verse above explains to us the signs of Allah about the movement of the sun and moon around the earth, resulting in the change of day and night.

• The Almighty said: He is the One who gave the sun radiance and the moon light. Surah Yunus, verse 5
• The Almighty said: “...made the moon bright, and made the sun a lamp” Sura 71, Ayat 16

In other words, the Sun is a luminary emitting light, responsible for day, which replaces night. The moon is naturally bright regardless of the sun; it is responsible for the night and replaces the day. Write in the comments what you think about this.

People have long known that the Earth is round, and they are finding more and more new ways to show that our world is not flat. And yet, even in 2016, there are quite a few people on the planet who firmly believe that the Earth is not round. These are scary people, they tend to believe in conspiracy theories, and it's hard to argue with them. But they do exist. So is the Flat Earth Society. It becomes funny just thinking about their possible arguments. But the history of our species was interesting and quirky, even firmly established truths were refuted. You don't have to resort to complicated formulas to dispel the flat Earth conspiracy theory.

Just look around and check ten times: the Earth is definitely, inevitably, completely and absolutely not 100% flat.

Today people already know that the Moon is not a piece of cheese or a playful deity, and the phenomena of our satellite are well explained by modern science. But the ancient Greeks had no idea what it was, and in their search for an answer, they made some insightful observations that allowed people to determine the shape of our planet.

Aristotle (who made quite a few observations about the spherical nature of the Earth) noted that during lunar eclipses (when the Earth's orbit places the planet exactly between the Sun and the Moon, creating a shadow), the shadow on the lunar surface is circular. This shadow is the Earth, and the shadow cast by it directly indicates the spherical shape of the planet.

Since the Earth rotates (look up the Foucault pendulum experiment if in doubt), the oval shadow that appears during each lunar eclipse indicates not only that the Earth is round, but also not flat.

Ships and horizon

If you've been in port recently, or just strolled along the beach, looking at the horizon, you may have noticed a very interesting phenomenon: approaching ships don't just "emerge" from the horizon (as they would if the world were flat), but rather emerge from the sea. The reason that ships literally “come out of the waves” is because our world is not flat, but round.

Imagine an ant walking along the surface of an orange. If you look at an orange from a close distance, with your nose to the fruit, you will see how the ant's body slowly rises above the horizon due to the curvature of the orange's surface. If you do this experiment with a long road, the effect will be different: the ant will slowly “materialize” into your field of view, depending on how sharp your vision is.

Change of constellations

This observation was first made by Aristotle, who declared the Earth to be round by observing the change of constellations when crossing the equator.

Returning from a trip to Egypt, Aristotle noted that “stars are observed in Egypt and Cyprus that were not seen in the northern regions.” This phenomenon can only be explained by the fact that people look at the stars from a round surface. Aristotle continued and stated that the sphere of the Earth “is of small size, for otherwise the effect of such a slight change of terrain would not have manifested itself so quickly.”

Shadows and sticks

If you stick a stick into the ground, it will provide shade. The shadow moves as time passes (based on this principle, ancient people invented sundials). If the world were flat, two sticks in different places would produce the same shadow.

But this doesn't happen. Because the Earth is round, not flat.

Eratosthenes (276–194 BC) used this principle to calculate the circumference of the Earth with good accuracy.

The higher you go, the farther you can see

Standing on a flat plateau, you look towards the horizon away from you. You strain your eyes, then take out your favorite binoculars and look through them as far as your eyes can see (using binocular lenses).

Then you climb the nearest tree - the higher the better, the main thing is not to drop your binoculars. And again look, straining your eyes, through binoculars to the horizon.

The higher you climb, the further you will see. Usually we tend to associate this with obstacles on Earth, when you cannot see the forest for the trees, and freedom for the concrete jungle. But if you stand on a perfectly clear plateau, with no obstacles between you and the horizon, you will see much more from above than from the ground.

It's all about the curvature of the Earth, of course, and this wouldn't happen if the Earth were flat.

Flying an airplane

If you've ever flown out of the country, especially somewhere far away, you might have noticed two interesting facts about airplanes and the Earth:

Planes can fly in a relatively straight line for a very long time without falling off the edge of the world. They can also fly around the Earth without stopping.

If you look out the window on a transatlantic flight, most of the time you will see the curvature of the earth on the horizon. The best kind of curvature was on the Concorde, but that plane is long gone. From a new plane, the horizon should be completely curved.

Look at other planets!

The Earth is different from others, and that is undeniable. After all, we have life, and we have not yet found planets with life. However, all planets have similar characteristics, and it would be logical to assume that if all planets behave in a certain way or exhibit specific properties - especially if the planets are separated by distance or formed under different circumstances - then our planet is similar.

In other words, if there are so many planets that formed in different places and under different conditions, but have similar properties, most likely our planet will be one. From our observations, it became clear that the planets are round (and since we knew how they formed, we know why they are shaped that way). There's no reason to think our planet won't be the same.

In 1610, Galileo Galilei observed the rotation of the moons of Jupiter. He described them as small planets orbiting a large planet - a description (and observation) that the church did not like because it challenged the geocentric model in which everything revolved around the Earth. This observation also showed that the planets (Jupiter, Neptune, and later Venus) are spherical and revolve around the Sun.

A flat planet (ours or any other) would be so incredible to observe that it would overturn almost everything we know about the formation and behavior of planets. This will not only change everything we know about the formation of planets, but also about the formation of stars (since our Sun must behave differently to accommodate the flat Earth theory), the speed and movement of cosmic bodies. In short, we don't just suspect that our Earth is round - we know it.

The existence of time zones

In Beijing it is now 12 am, midnight, no sun. It's 12 noon in New York. The sun is at its zenith, although it is difficult to see under the clouds. It's one thirty in the morning in Adelaide, Australia. The sun will not rise very soon.

This could only be explained by the fact that the Earth is round and rotates around its own axis. At a certain point, when the sun is shining on one part of the Earth, it is dark on the other end, and vice versa. This is where time zones come into play.

Another point. If the sun were a "spotlight" (its light shining directly on a specific area) and the world was flat, we would see the sun even if it wasn't shining above us. In much the same way, you can see the light of a spotlight on a theater stage while remaining in the shadows. The only way to create two completely separate time zones, one of which will always be in the dark and the other in the light, is to have a spherical world.

Center of gravity

There's an interesting fact about our mass: it attracts things. The force of attraction (gravity) between two objects depends on their mass and the distance between them. Simply put, gravity will pull toward the center of mass of objects. To find the center of mass, you need to study the object.

Imagine a sphere. Because of the shape of the sphere, no matter where you stand, there will be the same amount of sphere underneath you. (Imagine an ant walking on a glass ball. From the ant's point of view, the only sign of movement will be the movement of the ant's legs. The shape of the surface will not change at all). The center of mass of a sphere is at the center of the sphere, meaning gravity pulls everything on the surface towards the center of the sphere (straight down), regardless of the object's location.

Let's consider a plane. The center of mass of the plane is at the center, so the force of gravity will pull everything on the surface towards the center of the plane. This means that if you are on the edge of the plane, gravity will pull you towards the center, and not down, as we are used to.

And even in Australia, apples fall from top to bottom, not from side to side.

Photos from space

Over the past 60 years of space exploration, we have launched many satellites, probes, and people into space. Some of them returned, some continue to remain in orbit and transmit beautiful images to Earth. And in all the photographs the Earth (attention) is round.

If your child asks how we know the Earth is round, take the trouble to explain.

The shape of the Earth - our home - has worried humanity for quite some time. Today, every schoolchild has no doubt that the planet is spherical. But it took a long time to get to this knowledge, going through church anathemas and the courts of the Inquisition. Today people are wondering who proved that the Earth is round. After all, not everyone liked history and geography lessons. Let's try to find the answer to this interesting question.

Excursion into history

Many scientific works confirm our thoughts that before the famous Christopher Columbus, humanity believed that it lived on a flat Earth. However, this hypothesis does not stand up to criticism for two reasons.

1. discovered a new continent, and did not sail to Asia. If he had dropped anchor off the coast of real India, he could have been called the man who proved the sphericity of the planet. The discovery of the New World does not confirm the round shape of the Earth.
2. Long before Columbus's epoch-making voyage, there were people who doubted that the planet was flat and presented their arguments as proof. It is likely that the navigator was familiar with the works of some ancient authors, and the knowledge of the ancient sages was not lost.

Is the Earth round?

Different peoples had their own ideas about the structure of the world and space. Before answering the question of who proved that the Earth is round, you should familiarize yourself with other versions. The earliest theories of worldbuilding claimed that the earth was flat (as people saw it). They explained the movement of the heavenly bodies (sun, moon, stars) by the fact that it was their planet that was the center of the Cosmos and the Universe.

In Ancient Egypt, the Earth was represented as a disk resting on four elephants. They, in turn, stood on a giant turtle floating in the sea. The one who discovered that the Earth is round has not yet been born, but the theory of the sages of Pharaoh could explain the causes of earthquakes and floods, the rising and setting of the sun.

The Greeks also had their own ideas about the world. In their understanding, the earth's disk was covered with celestial spheres, to which stars were tied by invisible threads. They considered the moon and the sun to be gods - Selene and Helios. Nevertheless, the books of Pannekoek and Dreyer contain the works of ancient Greek sages who contradicted the generally accepted views of that time. Eratosthenes and Aristotle were the ones who discovered that the Earth is round.

Arab teachings were also famous for their accurate knowledge of astronomy. The tables of star movements they created were so accurate that they even raised doubts about their authenticity. The Arabs, with their observations, pushed society to change its ideas about the structure of the world and the Universe.

Evidence of the sphericity of celestial bodies

I wonder what motivated the scientists when they denied the observations of the people around them? The one who proved that the Earth is round drew attention to the fact that if it were flat, then the luminaries would be visible in the sky at the same time for everyone. But in practice, everyone knew that many of the stars that were visible in the Nile Valley were impossible to see above Athens. A sunny day in the Greek capital is longer than, for example, in Alexandria (this is due to the curvature in the north-south and east-west directions).

The scientist who proved that the Earth is round noticed that an object, moving away while moving, leaves only its upper part visible (for example, on the shore, the masts of a ship are visible, not its hull). This is only logical if the planet is spherical and not flat. Plato also considered the fact that a ball is an ideal shape to be a compelling argument in favor of sphericity.

Modern evidence for sphericity

Today we have technical devices that allow us not only to observe celestial bodies, but also to rise into the sky and see our planet from the outside. Here's some more evidence that it's not flat. As you know, during the blue planet closes the night star with itself. And the shadow is round. And the various masses that make up the Earth tend downward, giving it a spherical shape.

Science and the Church

The Vatican admitted that the Earth is round rather late. Then, when it was impossible to deny the obvious. Early European writers initially rejected this theory as being contrary to Scripture. During the spread of Christianity, not only other religions and pagan cults succumbed to persecution. All scientists who conducted various experiments, made observations, but did not believe in one God, were considered heretics. At that time, manuscripts and entire libraries were destroyed, temples and statues, and objects of art were destroyed. The Holy Fathers believed that people do not need science, only Jesus Christ is the source of the greatest wisdom, and the holy books contain enough information for life. The geocentric theory of the structure of the world was also considered by the church to be incorrect and dangerous.

Kozma Indicopleustes described the Earth as a kind of box, at the bottom of which rested a stronghold inhabited by people. The sky served as a “lid”, but it was motionless. The moon, stars and sun moved like angels across the sky and hid behind a high mountain. Above this complex structure rested the Kingdom of Heaven.

An unknown geographer from Ravenna described our planet as a flat object surrounded by an ocean, an endless desert and mountains, behind which the sun, moon and stars are hidden. Isidore (Bishop of Seville) in 600 AD in his works did not exclude the spherical shape of the Earth. Bede the Venerable built on the work of Pliny and therefore stated that the Sun is larger than the Earth, that they are spherical, and that space is not geocentric.

Let's sum it up

So, returning to Columbus, it can be argued that his path was not based solely on intuition. Without wanting to diminish his merits, we can say that the knowledge of his era should have brought him to India. And society no longer rejected the spherical shape of our house.

The first idea about the Earth-sphere was expressed by the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes, who already measured the radius of the planet in the fourth century BC. The error in his calculations was only one percent! He tested his guesses in the sixteenth century, making his famous Who proved that the Earth is round? Theoretically, this was done by Galileo Galilei, who, by the way, was sure that it was she who was spinning around the sun, and not vice versa.

At the end of September, the domestic program “The Most Shocking Hypotheses” aired on REN-TV, which excited the public.

For a whole 45 minutes, in all seriousness, specialists, experts and even a whole former NASA employee prove to the viewer that planet Earth actually flat.

If you don't believe me, here's the show, enjoy:

Ask any schoolchild what shape our planet is. Average answer: spherical. And why all?

- Yes, they teach us that at school.

Stop fooling us! With the light hand of REN-TV, more and more people are beginning to believe in a flat Earth.

Earth figure

Any child will say that the Earth is round. Almost. Officially, our planet has the shape of a geoid, that is, a ball slightly flattened at the poles.

Adherents of revolutionary theory deny this. Among them it is believed that we live on a flat disk with curved edges, which is covered with a dome on top. The North Pole is located in the center of the disk, and the South Pole does not exist as such. This is a kind of ice wall that protects us.

Doesn't remind you of anything?

In Game of Thrones, for example, the world is also flat. And the border is a huge wall, beyond which wildlings live, and white walkers rule the roost. Who knows, maybe this is not fiction, but real story.

Why don't we know anything

There is an opinion that NASA is constantly misleading us ordinary people.

In the program “The Most Shocking Hypotheses,” ex-NASA employee Matthew Boylan himself claims that the Earth is flat and its real appearance can be seen on the UN flag.

For several years he painted a blue round planet and passed it off as reality. So, in his opinion, the department exists only to promote the theory of the sphericity of the planet.

The only way to check is to get a job in the department.

Curvature

Scientists came up with the curvature parameter. In reality, neither architects, nor militaries, nor planners ignore the fact that the planet is spherical. When calculating, it is assumed that the Earth is stationary and flat. And everything works out: the shells fall where they should, the buildings are not destroyed. If we live on a geoid, then why doesn’t this fact count?

In practice I can give an example: The city of Chicago is visible across the bay from a distance of 140 km, which contradicts science.

If the Earth were a ball, the city would sink about 1.5 km down relative to the observer.

Check it out for yourself

In May 2017, American Darryl Marble was able to simply and easily prove the flat-earther hypothesis while flying on an airplane.

If the Earth is spherical, then the ship should fly along a curved trajectory; thus, at certain intervals, the pilot needs to lower the nose of the aircraft so that it does not fly into space or into the upper atmosphere.

Darryl took a building level with him on the flight. However, throughout the 23 minutes or 326 km of travel, the plane never lowered its nose. Means, it flies exactly in a horizontal straight line, and the Earth is flat.

Try it too. Launch the construction level on your phone during your next flight.

What about space flights?

Everything is set up! The filming was edited, fortunately technology allows it. In fact, humanity has never left the near-Earth dome.

Pictures are taken using a Fisheye lens. So any straight object in the photo will become spherical. The videos are generally all edited using chromakey technology. Attentive observers notice air bubbles, studio lighting, and reflections in spacesuits.

Is everything we know a myth?

You will say that ships sooner or later disappear on the horizon. Yes, but this does not happen because the surface is curved. We simply cease to clearly distinguish objects due to the density of the atmosphere.

They say gravity doesn't exist either. Our disk simply flies upward with an acceleration of 9.8 m/s 2 and thus keeps us on the surface. True, it is not yet entirely clear why birds remain in the air, for example.

Admit it, you didn’t hold a “candle” in space. There is no 100% evidence that the Earth is spherical. This year we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite. Did this really happen? Was the satellite really launched into space? Or is everything rigged and we are being deceived?

It’s up to you to believe long-proven truths or become supporters of a shocking hypothesis. As they say, “trust but verify”! Whose side are you on?

https://www.iphones.ru/iNotes/747643?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fzen.yandex.com

If someone seriously says to a normal person accustomed to living in the modern news paradigm that space does not exist, planet Earth is flat, and the sun is actually much smaller than we used to think, most likely this citizen will twirl his finger at his temple. Especially if the speaker supplements his conclusions with the opinion that NASA is financed by a secret Masonic organization, and no one has ever landed on the Moon.

The statements seem absolutely crazy, and it is all the more surprising that all these theories have many supporters around the world. These people are convinced of the correctness of the flat Earth theory: for them it is an immutable truth, and not the anti-scientific fabrications of ignoramuses.

Adherents of the theory conduct experiments and publish research papers, providing evidence that humanity does not live on a rotating ball flying through space at enormous speed (30 km/s). According to these people, the earth is a flat disk covered with a transparent dome.

Despite the seeming madness of this theory, it continues to excite minds. Flat Earth theorists can immediately ask the following questions: why doesn’t water from the oceans overflow from the “disk” where the Sun hides at night, where tens of thousands of photographs of the spherical planet come from? We have dedicated this article to the answers to these and other questions.

History of the Flat Earth Theory

School education provides a clear guideline: - this is a fairy tale invented by our ancestors, who did not have the opportunity to carry out serious scientific work. The ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, and Chinese agreed that the Earth was flat. The Sumerians and Scandinavians “agreed” with them in absentia. In mythological cosmogenesis, the ancient Vedas and the Bible, our planet is clearly called flat. The same can be said about Buddhist and Hindu practices.

If we talk about an earlier time in relation to us, then there were plenty of flat Earth theorists in the Middle Ages. A categorical breakdown occurred during the Renaissance, and in our time everyone knows that our planet is round. The scientific research of our ancient ancestors was ostracized and thrown to the margins of history.

But this does not mean that everyone agrees with the ideological dictates of modern science. There were people who did not believe the textbooks and began to study ancient treatises in all seriousness.

In the 19th century. in England, the British scientist and inventor S. Rowbotham organized the Flat Earth Society. Rowbotham conducted hundreds of scientific studies that proved, in his opinion, that the Earth is flat.

Hiding under the fictitious name "Parallax", Rowbotham published the brochure "Zetetic Astronomy", which contained descriptions of his experiments and presented evidence of the impossibility of the existence of a spherical earth. Samuel argued that the planet was flat and the ocean was completely flat.

The brochure went through many reprints during Rowbotham's lifetime, and each time it became thicker: Parallax added more and more chapters to it. The number of supporters of the flat Earth theory also grew rapidly.

Samuel Rowbotham was not without marketing talent; he always took money for lectures. The researcher was so confident in his theory that he could attack with his fists those who expressed doubts about his conclusions.

Very soon, adherents of the flat Earth theory appeared all over the world. There were especially many of them in Europe and the United States. Among the followers of this trend there are also very unexpected personalities, for example, Adolf Hitler.

Surprisingly, the number of followers of the flat earth theory is growing every year. In some countries, this idea even caused some semblance of a social split. Adherents of the Earth-disk theory categorically reject the arguments of modern scientists and provide their own evidence, which seems to them the only correct one.

To understand how serious the dispute with flat Earth supporters is, just open the Yandex search engine. At the very first request, an abyss of articles, photographs, videos, forums and heated debates dedicated to Rowbotham’s theory will open in front of you.

Before we begin to familiarize ourselves with the most popular evidence of flat Earth adherents, we will study their key postulates.

Parallaxists imagine the Earth as a disk with the North Pole at the center. The diameter of the planet coincides with official scientific data - 40 thousand km. The disk is covered with a dome, behind which the Sun and Moon are visible. Thanks to these heavenly bodies, there is day and night on the planet. Gravity is something fundamentally different from the phenomenon that modern science studies.

According to Rowbotham and his followers, the South Pole does not exist in principle. There is no Antarctica either. The entire circumference of the earth's disk is surrounded by a wall of ice.

Photographs from space have been declared a clever photoshop and a fake. In general, astronautics is a complete deception and scam. Rockets, devices for transporting and lifting ships are skillfully executed props. Space travel and videos from the ISS are filmed on Earth by professional filmmakers.

The spherical nature of the planet was declared by Rowbotham's supporters to be a lie spread by conspiratorial Freemasons. Scientists, NASA specialists and astronauts know the truth, but they receive money from the Masons and therefore remain silent.

Flat Earth

What is the Solar System?

The idea of ​​flat Earth adherents about the structure of the solar system is also interesting. At school they teach that several planets revolve around the sun; the Earth occupies the third orbit from the Sun, located between Venus and Mars. Is it possible for such a system to exist? Rowbotham's followers answer unequivocally: no.

In their opinion, a model with a stationary Sun is impossible, if only because there is constant movement in the Universe. If the generally accepted version of the solar system were correct, the star would fly through space at incredible speed, carrying the planets with it. In this case, oval orbits of the planets would be impossible, only spiral ones.

Another interesting argument concerns the forces of repulsion and attraction, thanks to which balance is achieved in the solar system: the planets do not fly away from the star and do not collide in space. Proponents of the flat Earth theory point out that all planets have different masses. If the solar system were as described in textbooks, large planets would be located closer to the sun, and small ones would be further from the sun. After all, an object with a smaller mass simply does not have enough repulsive force to “escape” from the sun. According to the calculations of Rowbotham's adherents, in the paradigm accepted by official science, the Earth would be in the sixth orbit. This is determined by its mass. Such a distance from the Sun would make life on the planet impossible: eternal cold would reign here.

Evidence base

Of course, the most interesting thing about the flat Earth theory is the evidence collected by Parallax supporters. With a planet diameter of 40 thousand km, the planet rotates in 24 hours. These data allow you to calculate the rotation speed: more than 400 m/s. That is, according to official science, the Earth rotates at a speed of 0.5 km/sec.

Rowbotham's adherents ask the question: how can planes land exactly on the runway under such conditions? The earth is round and constantly rotating! According to the calculations of supporters of the theory, the runway will shift due to the rotation of the planet, and the plane will not be able to land.

Another proof: if we agree that the Earth is spherical, a cannonball fired from the muzzle of a cannon in the direction from West to East will be in the air 2 times less than it actually is. If you shoot from a cannon from East to West, the cannonball will travel twice as far due to the rotation of the Earth in the opposite direction.

However, neither the first nor the second phenomenon is observed, which, according to Rowbotham's adherents, exposes the generally accepted opinion that the Earth is a spherical rotating body.

Supporters of the theory also point out: if you shoot upward, the flight of the cannonball will continue for a certain time, during which the location of the gun will shift relative to the projectile by 5-6 kilometers, but this is not observed.

These simple conclusions evoke a feeling of triumph among Rowbotham's supporters. Traditional science answers: do not forget about the atmospheric column, which rotates with the planet and “drags” everything that gets into it. Adherents of the earth-disk put forward a counterargument that is striking in its boldness: in their opinion, atmospheric pressure simply does not exist.

Official film about the real shape of the Earth from Terra Convexa

At the end of the film, experts from official science summarize the experiments carried out and give an authoritative conclusion regarding the tests performed.

Terra Convexa provides answers to many questions.

Criticism of the theory of atmospheric pressure

The inventor of the mercury barometer, E. Torricelli, suggested that the entire atmosphere of the Earth uniformly and constantly presses on the planet. The Italian proved his idea through experiments with water and mercury. Torricelli refuted Aristotle's postulate that there is no absolute emptiness (vacuum) in the Universe. An Italian scientist created a vacuum in which there was completely no atmospheric pressure.

Torricelli’s experiment worked perfectly with mercury and alcohol, but the trick did not work with water: the Italian was never able to create a water barometer. Modern science has proven that barometers on water are possible, but their size will be much larger than mercury or alcohol ones. You can read more about Torricelli’s experiments in his own works. For example, there you can find out where the scientist got a bucket of mercury, a radioactive liquid metal.

Flat Earth adherents could not help but pay attention to Torricelli’s experiments and try to expose them. In their opinion, a false vacuum was formed in the Italian’s test tubes. In fact, the space was filled with mercury vapor. On this basis, Rowbotham's supporters concluded that atmospheric pressure is a myth, like gravity. The vast space above the planet remains motionless. Adherents of the Earth-disk point to freely flying birds, to clouds that “travel” across the sky at the will of the wind. The pilot of a helicopter hovering above the earth, according to the logic of a spherical rotating planet, must see a gradually changing landscape beneath him. But this is not observed.

Why does a stone thrown strongly into the air land in almost the same place, and not many meters from the person who made the throw? Parallax adherents give an unequivocal answer - this happens because the earth is a flat, stationary surface.

Horizon and curvature of the earth

Rowbotham began making the first experiments about the curvature of the earth; his modern followers are conducting hundreds of similar studies. If our planet is a sphere, then, taking into account the curvature of the surface, the horizon line should be a solid line, behind which nothing is visible. However, in practice, mountains, giant sculptures or Egyptian pyramids are perfectly visible on the horizon.

The Needles Lighthouse in the British county of Hampshire (height - 54 meters) can be seen from a distance of 60 km, with the curvature of the earth being 282 m. If the Earth is a sphere, the lighthouse should be 282 m below the horizon. The situation is similar with ocean-going ships. Gradually moving away from the shore, the ships disappear behind the horizon. This would seem to confirm that the planet's surface is curved. However, supporters of the flat Earth theory armed themselves with high-quality optical instruments - and saw ships that supposedly “disappear” beyond the horizon...

With the naked eye, a person cannot see a ship that has moved away to such a considerable distance; in addition, vision is limited by a scattering perspective. With good optics, the horizon line disappears, and the stronger the optics, the greater the distance you can see.

Thus, according to flat Earthers, there is no horizon line. The pictures from the International Space Station are fake because the sky is a dome. When flying in an airplane, a person sees the rounding of the earth - but this is only an illusion. Even the UN coat of arms seems to Rowbotham's adherents to be a model of a disk-earth.

Round and at the same time flat Earth: video

Watch a video online about the round flat Earth

Moon landing: NASA hoax

Members of the Flat Earth Society pay special attention to the story of the American landing on the Moon. Of course, they are confident and furiously prove that man has never set foot on the only satellite of our planet. Rowbotham's supporters point to a photograph of the Apollo 11 spacecraft, which is widely believed to have once carried earthlings to the moon.

With a strong magnification of the photograph, it is clear that the lunar shuttle is made of materials sold in a hardware store: plastic and cardboard shields, foil and polyethylene. Of course, it is impossible to fly anywhere on a device built from such materials.

Proponents of the flat Earth theory carefully studied photographs of astronauts, discovering rings with Masonic signs on their hands. For Parallax adherents, Freemasons are the world's main conspirators who have penetrated all international structures and governments of all countries of the world.

Where do photographs of Mars come from?

The situation is similar with photographs of Mars. For followers of the theory, photographs of the Red Planet are a skillful fake, Photoshopped. Photographers hired by the conspirators take pictures of deserts and mountainous terrain on Earth, then, after processing the pictures, pass them off as photos from Mars.

Photos of the lifeless Martian desert covered with stones have spread all over the world. If we reverse filter these images in Photoshop, we will get an ordinary earthly landscape with a blue sky. There are many such places on Earth.

Weird air travel

Many aircraft routes seem extremely illogical. For example, the Sydney-Santiago flight would seem to be much more convenient to travel through New Zealand. It will be a straight and simple route with one refueling.

In reality, a plane from Australia to Latin America flies through Mexico and the USA. If we consider the Earth to be spherical, this looks extremely strange: the plane makes a large detour, consuming fuel and increasing the distance. If the same route is drawn on a flat Earth map, it becomes clear that the airline has chosen the most reliable and direct route.

Rowbotham's followers suggest checking in this way any air route that seems illogical and strange. When transferred to flat earth, the trajectory begins to look quite adequate.

Video: How do planes fly over a rotating earth?

Why do all planes fly on maps of a flat Earth and not a spherical one?

Picture of the universe

To better understand the logic of flat earth theorists, you need to know what they think about the universe - the Moon, the Sun, the stars. In general, they adhere to the same statements that Rowbotham used two centuries ago. The only thing is that they constantly have to “fight off” new scientific discoveries.

For example, lunar photographs were claimed to have been taken on Earth. Followers of the theory regularly conduct research expeditions, the main goal of which is to search for areas where “false” images from space were taken.

In the summer of 2015, the Society published photographs from the Icelandic expedition, which depicted landscapes that were exactly like the photographs presented by the Americans as lunar. Earlier, journalists suggested that the astronauts of the first Apollo expedition put their hands on the Bible and say: “I swear that I was on the moon.” All astronauts refused. A video of the flat-Earther experiment can be found on the World Wide Web. One astronaut began to rudely swear at the journalist, another tried to laugh it off, and the third simply sent the TV reporter.

The Flat Earth Society analyzed all the data from alternative researchers, superimposed it on its own theory and came to a stunning conclusion: it turned out that the Moon is not a satellite of our planet at all. The moon doesn't exist at all.

But what then do we see in the sky? According to Parallax adherents, this is a constantly updated hologram. They control the hologram from Earth.

But what do Rowbotham's followers think about the stars? People began to study astrology many centuries ago; this science is one of the first in the world. People discovered the same Ursa Major several thousand years ago.

How can it be, flat Earth adherents ask, that during this time the constellations have not undergone any changes? After all, all celestial bodies, including stars and galaxies, move in the Universe at colossal speed. The Earth rotates around its own axis, flies around the Sun in its own orbit, but people in different countries of the world always see the same “set” of stars above them? Why is that? Why do the stars stand still above the Earth, rotating and rushing through space, like soldiers on guard? Members of the Society consider this situation absurd.

In this regard, supporters of the “flat theory” declared the stars to be holograms. They don't exist either.

Sun

If the Moon and stars are holograms, then what about the Sun? Does the universal luminary really not exist? But what then warms the planet and brings life to all its inhabitants?

Flat Earthers claim that there are actually seventeen suns. They all hover over different regions of the planet, shining and heating with different intensities. The Society's brochures list the characteristics of different suns: Californian, Russian, Chinese, etc.

Any scientist will call these statements sheer nonsense. However, the explanations of Rowbotham's adherents are by no means devoid of a certain logic. The color of the Sun we observe varies from pale yellow to bright red and burgundy, depending on natural conditions or time of day. According to prevailing scientific ideas, a person sees the sky as blue or dark blue because the sun's rays, breaking through the planet's atmosphere, are divided into corresponding spectra.

But why, then, do we see a yellow sun? If we observe a star through the prism of the atmosphere, then it should be blue. Followers of the flat earth theory give a clear answer: the fact is that the Sun is located not above the atmosphere, but below it.

As a result, the Society paints the following picture of the universe: the Earth-disk is covered with a dome, under which there are artificially made holograms - the Moon, stars and the Sun. Those who wish to learn more about the ideas of Parallax adherents can find a lot of videos and articles on the Internet.

The closer to the light source, the warmer it is

The nature of misconceptions is based on people’s inability to give answers to the simplest questions. At the same time, we like to provide a lot of pseudoscientific evidence for the craziest theories.

For example, try to answer the following question: it is obvious to everyone that the closer an object is to a source of light and heat, the hotter it is. Try touching a light bulb or getting close to a fire – does it get hotter? Certainly!

But why then, when rising up in a hot air balloon, do we find ourselves in a zone of severe cold? And the higher we rise, the lower the temperature becomes.

When answering this question, most people will talk about layers of the atmosphere that have different temperature characteristics. All this evidence is taken from books and has not been tested in practice.

Let's focus on the obvious - the closer a person is to a heat source, the warmer he is. This should also be true for the Sun. The closer to the luminary, the higher the temperature. However, in practice this is not observed. Followers of the flat Earth theory conclude that the Sun is not a source of heat, since in space in this case it would be much hotter than on our planet.

Counter-arguments of official science

Straight horizon

People only think that they see a straight line of the horizon. Already from an airplane or from the roof of a skyscraper you can notice the curvature of the earth's surface.

Fake photos from space. NASA conspiracy

In the flat Earth paradigm, NASA is almost a criminal organization. One gets the feeling that the American space agency is led by Professor Moriarty, and all of his employees are masons-conspirators, hiding the truth from people because of the desire for personal enrichment.

However, there is not only NASA in the world. Russia has its own space agency, Roscosmos, which broadcasts from the ISS and launches manned spacecraft into space. Russian cosmonauts, like their American colleagues, confirm that the Earth is a ball. Is it really true that Roscosmos is also ruled by the Masons?

There is no gravity

Another popular claim of the Flat Earth Society is that there is no gravity and the planet is constantly moving upward. If this statement is true and the Earth does not attract anything, then how can birds and airplanes fly?

The sun is located 5 thousand kilometers from the surface of the Earth, its diameter is 51 km

Why, in this case, do seasons change on the planet, day gives way to night, and there are climatic zones? If the Sun were positioned in the manner described by Parallax adherents, the entire surface of the Earth would have the same temperature.

How do planes land on a round and rotating Earth?

Airplanes “rotate” in the atmospheric column along with the Earth.

Atmospheric pressure is a myth

Anyone who makes such a statement should visit the mountains and experience the effects of atmospheric pressure first-hand.

Books on Flat Earth Theory

The idea of ​​the Earth as a disk is very stable and has been very popular for two centuries. Various authors and researchers paid attention to this theory and presented evidence of the correctness of the Parallax teachings in their books.

One of the most popular books of this kind is “Ancient Cosmology” by W. Warren. This large work tells about the cosmogonic ideas of the Egyptians, Sumerians, Babylonians, ancient Chinese, and Buddhists. Readers will learn how our ancestors imagined the Universe. The book contains more interesting illustrations.

“The Earth is not a ball: 100 proofs” by M. Carpenter. The book contains the most convincing, from the author’s point of view, evidence of the correctness of the flat Earth theory.

“The Earth is not a Globe” by S. Rowbotham. A book by the founder of the Earth-Disc Supporters Society. Rowbotham did a lot of work to confirm the theses he put forward.