Species of the genus Pine from the Pine family. It grows naturally in the southern and southeastern parts of Europe: Bulgaria, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Yugoslavia at an altitude of 600-2200 m above sea level. The species was first described in 1839 by the German botanist August Griesenbach.

Video: Natural parks in Bulgaria

This is a narrow pyramidal tree of medium height, similar in appearance to Weymouth pine (in cultivation up to 20 m in height and 1 m in trunk diameter, in nature up to 40 m in height). Annual growth is 25-30 cm in height and 15 cm in width. It grows quickly when young. The crown is dense, low to the ground, pin-shaped. The bark of young trees is smooth, gray-brown in color, while that of more mature trees is lamellar, brown or brown-red. The shoots are greenish, thick, without pubescence, young branches are brown-gray. The buds are 9-10 mm in length and 3 mm in thickness, loose, ovoid in shape with a short, slightly pointed apex, slightly narrowed, from reddish-yellow to brown, resinous. The rhizome is highly developed, penetrating deeply into rock cracks or soil.

Needles triangular, straight, 5-12 cm long, 0.75-3 mm wide, bright green in color, hard, dense, pointed at the ends, finely and sparsely jagged along the edge (10-11 teeth per 1 cm), stomatal stripes are light, located on both sides. The needles are collected in bundles of 5 pieces. Stores on branches for 3 years.

Monoecious plant. Blooms in May. Fruits abundantly in 2-3 years. Fruiting in plantations begins at the age of 10-12 years. Cones arranged singly or in groups of 2 on short legs, cylindrical in shape, 8-10 cm in length and 4 cm in thickness, slightly curved, light brown. The cone scales are hard, thin, 3-3.5 cm long and up to 23 mm wide. The scutes are yellow to yellow-brown, sometimes greenish, sharply different from the brownish or dark brown lower part of the scute. The seeds are small, ovoid, 5-7 mm in length, ripen in the third year and are immediately sown. Wing length up to 15 mm. Seeds are collected in late August - early September. Seed similarity is 60-90%.

Frost resistance zone 5a.

Varieties: "Arnold dwarf", "Select", "Nana"

Location: needs sunny, completely open places, grows well in fresh, not dry, fertile soil, acidic or slightly alkaline, well permeable. Can grow on rocky soils. Tolerates urban conditions well.

Landing:Planting is recommended between November and February. Planting hole depth- 0.8-1 m. The distance between plants is at least 4 m. On heavy soils with excess moisture, it is recommended to make drainage 20 cm thick. Soil mixture: sand, peat and top layer of soil in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 - for planting in soil with a neutral reaction. For acidic soils, add 200-300 g of lime to the pit. Superphosphate 150g/hole is added to the planting mixture, and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are added in the fall.

Care:In the second year after planting, it is necessary to apply complex fertilizer, and in the 2nd half of summer - phosphorus-potassium fertilizers 40-50 g per 10 liters of water.

Trimming:sanitary pruning. When formative pruning, it is recommended to remove no more than 13 parts of the green mass. To increase the density of the crown, a third of the current year's growth is removed, while maintaining the shape of the crown. You cannot leave bare branches without needles. Formative pruning should not be carried out earlier than a year after planting. It is recommended to prune from early spring to late autumn.

Diseases and pests: immune to blister rust, practically does not suffer from diseases and pests. More resistant to sclerodian cancer than Pinus strobus , resistant to mealybug.

Reproduction:propagates by seeds, which are sown in the ground in early spring, but can also be done in autumn. Seeds must be pre-stratified for a month. Seedlings are grown on sandy loam and light clay soils. Rarely on sandy ones.

Usage:Used in forest plantations, parks, gardens. Looks impressive with beautifully flowering or brightly fruited shrubs: barberry, cotoneaster, mock orange, spirea, broom, as well as deciduous trees.

All about pine

Useful properties of pine

Preparations (parts of the plant) of Scots pine have anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, disinfectant, diuretic effects and are used for lung diseases. For medicinal purposes, pine buds, pollen, pine needles, and resin are used. Scots pine buds are collected in the spring in March - April, when they are swollen, but have not begun to grow and the scales covering them are pressed to the bud and glued together. The collected pine buds are dried in attics with good ventilation, spread out in a thin layer (2-3 cm). Raw materials dried in this way can be stored for up to 2 years. Needles can be collected at any time of the year, but it is best in late autumn or winter, when it contains the greatest amount of ascorbic acid and essential oil. Pollen is collected from the infructescence of the male plant before it is shed.

Scots pine buds contain an essential oil of complex composition, tannins, pinipicrin, needles contain ascorbic acid (0.3%), vitamins B, K, P, carotene, essential oils and tannins, resin contains up to 35% essential oil and resin acids. Kidney decoctions are used in medicine as an expectorant, hemostatic and disinfectant, and are also used for old rashes, chronic bronchitis, and rheumatism. The vapors from the kidney decoction are used for inhalation. Pine extract is obtained from pine needles, used for strengthening baths and sauna procedures for diseases of the respiratory tract, skin, vascular system, as well as age-related withering and fatigue.

To prepare pine needle extract for therapeutic bath procedures, take a large handful of fresh pine needles in a thin fabric bag, pour in 1 liter of boiling water, and bring everything to a boil. Cover with a lid and leave on low heat for half an hour. Add to bath water.

Coniferous preparations should be used with caution by people suffering from high blood pressure and individual hypersensitivity to the components of Scots pine.

Rod Pine -Pinus L.

Pines are evergreen trees, less often shrubs, with elongated and shortened shoots. On the elongated shoots there are only brown, dry, scale-like needles, in the axils of which shortened shoots appear, bearing real green needles with bunches of 2-5 pieces. Cones ripen in the second, less often in the third year; When ripe, they mostly open up, but do not crumble. The seed scales have a thickening at the top in the form of a rhombus or a pentagonal pyramid (the so-called scutellum) with a depressed or convex middle (the “navel”). The seeds are winged, less often wingless. Reproduction by seeds, as well as by grafting (rare varieties and forms).

At a young age, pines have a wide pyramidal crown, mature trees have a rounded crown, old trees have an umbrella-shaped crown.

Pines are distributed mainly in the cold and temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere (about 100 species). Most species are undemanding to soil, but light-loving; many species are cold- and drought-resistant.

Most species are valuable tree species, many are widely used in ornamental gardening. The use of pine trees in landscaping industrial centers is limited by the high sensitivity of pine trees to air pollution by smoke and gases.

The extensive genus Pine is divided into several sections. Species from the sections winter well in the central zone:

1. Cembrae - seeds with a very short wing or wingless. When the cones ripen on the tree, they do not open, but fall off. Needles of 5 in bunches (Siberian cedar pine, European cedar pine, Korean cedar pine, cedar slate);

2. Strobus - needles in bunches of 5 pieces. The cones are drooping, elongated-cylindrical. Scutellum of seed scales with terminal umbilicus. The seeds have a long attached wing (Weymouth pine or white pine; Rumelian pine);

3. Banksia - 2 needles in bunches, seeds with a long detachable wing, annual growth from several internodes, parenchymal or peripheral resin ducts (Banks pine);

4. Eupitys - needles in bunches of 2 pieces. (rarely 3). Resin ducts are peripheral or parenchymal. Seeds with a long detachable wing. Annual growth from one internode (Scots pine, mountain pine, black or Austrian pine, Geldreich pine).

Here we will look at species and varieties that winter well in the middle zone.

Siberian cedar pine (Siberian cedar) -PinussibiricaMayr (Pinuscembravar.sibiricaRupr.)

A tree up to 35 m high with a trunk diameter of up to 1.8 m. The branches, collected in close whorls, are raised (like a candelabra) and form a dense crown: in young trees it is pointed-conical, in mature trees when standing freely it is ovoid. Old trees have a blunt, wide crown at the top.

The bark of young trees is smooth, silvery in color, with brown transverse lenticels; later it becomes thin-lamellar. The needles are thin, hard, jagged at the edges, 5-12 cm long, triangular, dark green, with bluish stomatal stripes on the sides, collected in bunches of 5 pieces.

Ripe cones are erect, oblong-ovate or ovoid in shape, 6-12 cm long and 5-8 cm wide. The seeds are large, 1.2-1.4 cm long and 0.6-1 cm thick, edible.

In its youth (up to 10-15 years), the breed is slow-growing and demanding of air and soil humidity. Completely frost-resistant, shade-tolerant. It grows in a variety of soils, overly moist soils, rocky areas, sandy soils if they are moist enough, but prefers rich, moist loamy soils. It does not tolerate air pollution from smoke and soot. Does not tolerate transplantation well in adulthood. Propagated by seeds. The age limit is about 500 years.

Siberian cedar pine is suitable for group plantings, as well as for alleys and tapeworms. Thanks to the dark green needles and dense foliage, pine plantations stand out well in groups with light green foliage and an openwork crown. Very impressive against the background are Siberian pine trees and white birch tapeworms with the delicate greenery of their openwork crown.

Decorative forms of Siberian pine pine

Aurea ( Aurea) - pyramidal slightly asymmetrical shape up to 7-10 m high and up to 3 m wide; shoots are raised, this year's needles are yellow-green, last year's needles turn green, in summer the color intensity decreases;

Glauca - slow-growing, pyramidal, somewhat asymmetrical shape up to 3-4 m high and wide; the shoots are raised, the needles are soft, long, bluish-green, with 5 needles in a bunch; cones are ovoid, young purple, ripe brown, with large edible seeds (the so-called “pine nuts”), fruiting occurs at the age of about 50 years, earlier in grafted forms;

Compacta Glauca - slow-growing, pyramidal, dwarf form up to 0.8 m high, dense crown, shoots growing upward; the needles are bluish-green above, gray below, 7-9 cm long, growing 5 needles in a bunch.

European cedar pine (European cedar) -PinuscembraL.

Tree up to 10-25 m high. The species is close to the previous one; differs from it in its wider ovoid crown and shorter height, as well as longer and thinner needles and smaller seeds; the buds are also smaller. It grows slower than Siberian pine, is shade-tolerant, and demanding of air and soil humidity. The most suitable soil for European cedar is clayey, moderately moist soil. It is considered more durable than Siberian cedar (age limit up to 1000 years).

Decorative forms of European cedar pine

Columnaris ( Columnaris) - a slow-growing form with a columnar crown up to 9-12 m high, with vertically raised main branches and branches tightly adjacent to them; needles 5-8 cm long with a bluish tint; cones are ovoid, 5-8 cm long, brown when ripe;

Pygmy ( Pygmaea) - a slow-growing, dwarf shrub with a dense, wide-pyramidal crown, pressed to the ground, height and width up to 0.6-0.8 m, shoots directed vertically, soft, bluish-green needles;

Korean cedar pine (Korean cedar, Manchurian cedar) -PinuskoraiensisSieb.EtZucc. (PinusmandshuricaRupr.)

A tree 20-30 (up to 60) m high with a trunk diameter of 1-2 m, slender growth, with a crown reminiscent of the crown of the Siberian pine pine, but more spreading. The crown is of medium density, low-set. The bark is smooth and thick. Young shoots are densely covered with red hairs. Needles on short shoots, 5 pieces each, 6-15 (20) cm long, 1-2 mm wide, rough, with a bluish tint. The foliage is less dense than that of Siberian cedar. Mature cones are brown, 10-15 cm long, easily distinguished from the cones of Siberian pine by the apophyses of the seed scales strongly bent outward - in the form of triangular processes. The cones ripen in the fall of the second year. The seeds are wingless, 15-17 mm long, edible.

The root system in shallow soils is quite superficial. In youth it grows slowly, later (from the age of 20) it grows quite quickly. In Moscow it is winter-hardy, shade-tolerant in youth, and later more light-loving than Siberian cedar. Prefers fertile, well-drained, moderately moist soils. Maximum durability is 300-400 years.

Cedar dwarf (cedar dwarf) -Pinuspumila (Pall.)Rgl.(Pinus cembra var. pumila Pall.)

Shrub up to 3 m high, with or without a clearly defined main trunk, with branches creeping along the ground, raised at the ends. Young shoots are covered with thick brown hairs. The needles are thick, bluish-green, tightly pressed to the shoots. The cones are small, shiny, light brown. A very slow growing, very frost-resistant breed that grows on poor, rocky and sandy soils. The needles are rich in vitamin C.

Valuable for northern regions as undergrowth in sparse groups of deciduous and coniferous trees (larch, pine) for forest edges, alpine gardens, and for strengthening rocky slopes.

Decorative forms of cedar slate

Glauka ( Glauca) - asymmetrical, slow-growing, dwarf shrub 1-1.5 m high and up to 3 m wide, shoots directed upward, bluish-green needles; young cones are red-violet, mature ones are light brown, shiny, ovoid, up to 5 cm long;

Globosa - slow-growing, pin-shaped form up to 1-1.5 m high, the crown is thick, dense, needles are 7 cm long, bluish-green;

Dwarf Blue - dwarf cushion-shaped form 0.6-1 m high and up to 2 m wide; silver-green needles; young cones are very decorative red.

Weymouth pine (white pine) -PinusstrobusL.

A tree up to 40 (50) m high, at a young age with a narrow pyramidal crown, later - broadly branched, with horizontally spaced main branches. The crown is quite dense thanks to the abundant needles. The bark of young trees is smooth, shiny, gray-green, while that of old trees is long-furrowed and lamellar. Young shoots are very thin, with very thin pubescence, sometimes bare. Needles in bunches of 5 pieces, soft, thin, 5-10 (14) cm long, bluish-green (gray). Ripe cones are narrow-cylindrical, up to 16 cm long and up to 4 cm wide, often curved, soft, 1-3 pieces each, hanging on long (up to 1.5 cm) petioles. The scutes of the seed scales are rounded, with a blunt navel.

A very fast growing breed; Among conifers, it is second only to larch in terms of growth speed. Frost-resistant, shade-tolerant, resists snow well (due to the ability of the needles to close, forming thin bunches pressed to the branches), wind-resistant. Compared to Scots pine, it is more resistant to smoke and soot. Grows well on loamy and sandy loamy fresh soils; does not tolerate saline soils well. It is damaged by rust fungus, especially if there are nearby plantings of representatives of the genus Ribes (currants, gooseberries), which are intermediate hosts of this fungus.

Decorative forms of Weymouth pine

Blue Shag - a dwarf tree about 1-1.5 m high and up to 1.5 m wide with a dense spherical crown, short shoots, bluish-green needles, long, soft, collected in 5 pieces. in a bundle;

Densa - a dwarf conical tree up to 1.8-2.5 m high and 1.2-1.8 m wide, with hard, silver-green needles;

Kruger's Liliput - a dwarf tree 0.5 (1.5) m high, 0.6 (1.5) m wide, initially pyramidal, later the crown is rounded or asymmetrical, short shoots; the needles are short, soft, thin, bluish-green, with five needles; the cones are light brown;

Macopin - a round or conical small shrub with short shoots 1-1.5 m high and wide; the needles are soft, bluish-green, thin, with five needles; the cones are light brown when ripe; may suffer from spring sunburn;

Pendula - a tree with long, twisted branches falling to the ground, 4 m high and wide; the needles are soft, bluish-green, thin, up to 10 cm long, five-needle; the cones are narrow, 10-15 cm long, symmetrical, light brown, with a purple or gray tint;

Radiata - a small asymmetrical tree 3-5 m high, 2-3 m wide, initially round, then conical, short shoots; the needles are soft, bluish-green, thin; the cones are light brown;

Stowe Pillar - a small, slow-growing, asymmetrical, narrow, columnar tree about 2.5-3.5 m high and up to 1 m wide, the crown is narrower than the form Fastigiata ; the needles are bluish-green;

Tiny Curls - a slow-growing, dwarf shrub of spherical regular shape, up to 2-3 m high and up to 1.5-2 m wide; the needles are long, bluish-green, twisted in a spiral;

Fastigiata - fast-growing columnar form about 6-8 m high and 1.5-2 m wide at 30 years of age, branches grow vertically, needles are thin, soft, about 10 cm long, gray-green in color; the cones hang on long stalks, are narrow-cylindrical, often curved, light brown, ripen in the second year.

Rumelian pine (Balkan pine) -PinuspeuceGris.(Pinus excelsa var. peuce Beissn.)

Tree 10-20 m high, in high mountain areas - shrub. The crown is narrowly pyramidal, sometimes columnar, with branches starting almost from the ground, especially in isolated trees. The bark is smooth, gray-brown, and lamellar in older specimens. Young shoots are not pubescent. The needles are 5 in bunches, protruding, dense, 7-10 cm long and 0.75 mm wide, grayish-green. Mature cones are cylindrical (unopened), 8-15 cm long, dark brown. The scutes are light brown, convex above, with a small blunt umbilicus at the apex. The seeds are small, with a wing 1.5 cm long. In terms of growth speed, it is inferior to Weymouth pine, but is still a fairly fast-growing species. In winter hardiness it is not inferior to Weymouth pine. Relatively shade-tolerant. It is not damaged at all by rust fungi. Grows well on not too dry sandy loam, loamy and chernozem soils. In conditions of insufficient rainfall, it grows poorly on calcareous soils.

PineBanks- Pinus Banksiana Lamb.

In its homeland (from Hudson Bay to Northern Vermont and Nova Scotia) - a tree 10-15 (25) m high with a trunk diameter of 0.6-1.5 m; sometimes bush-like. The crown of young trees is oval and compact, while that of old trees is wide-spreading. The needles are light green, the bark is reddish-brown, 2 in a bunch, 2-4 cm long, curved and twisted. The cones are gray, elongated-conical, oblique, horn-like curved, 3-5 cm long and 2-3 cm in diameter. They ripen in the second year and stay on the tree for 10-15 years. The scutes and navel are flat. The seeds are small, blackish-brown.

In its youth (up to 20 years) it grows quickly, faster than Scots pine. It tolerates drought, but greatly reduces growth. Grows in well-drained, poor sandy and rocky soils. Life age limit is 150 years. Little damage is caused by pests.

Banks pine exudes in abundance on its shoots a very aromatic resin with a stronger odor than that of Scots pine. Thanks to this property, it has a greater ability to release phytoncides into the air.

Scots pine -PinussilvestrisL.

Tree 20-40 m high, depending on soil and climatic conditions. The crown of young trees is conical, while that of old trees is broadly rounded or umbrella-shaped. The bark at the bottom of the trunk is thick, reddish-brown, deeply furrowed, sometimes lamellar; in the upper part of the trunk and at the main branches of the crown, the bark is yellowish, peeling off in thin films. Needles 2 in a bunch, 4-7 cm long, 2 mm wide, dense, slightly curved, pointed, finely jagged at the edges, gray-green or bluish (from bluish-white stomatal lines on the flat side).

Cones are single or 2-3, ovoid-conical, oblong or short-pointed, facing downwards on curved short stalks, grayish-brown, matte, 2.5-7 cm long, 2-3.5 cm in diameter. Cone scutes scales are rhombic, acute-angled in front, convex on the outside, flat on the inside (facing the branch); the transverse carina is faintly noticeable, the navel is slightly convex, shiny light brown, mostly without a point. The cones ripen in the second, sometimes in the third year. The seeds are small, 3-4 mm long, oblong-ovate, blackish or gray, with a brownish wing 9-12 (15) mm long.

Scots pine grows very quickly at a young age, second only to larch among conifers; later (after 20-25 years) it grows more slowly, and by the age of 60-70 its growth decreases so much that spruce overtakes it in growth. A very light-loving breed, but less so than larch. With regard to climatic and soil conditions, the rock is very plastic - it occupies vast spaces in various climatic zones and on various soils. It can grow both on very dry soils and on excessively wet ones (moss swamps). Very undemanding to the mineral composition of the soil, growing on very poor soils. However, it develops best on fairly fertile, fresh, deep sand or sandy loam. Tolerates the presence of lime in the soil. However, it does not tolerate air pollution from soot and gases.

Age limit 300-400 years. Wood is very valuable as a building material. Turpentine and rosin are extracted from wood resin.

Decorative forms of Scots pine

Argentea Compacta - a slow-growing, ovoid tree, 10 years to 1 m high, long, silver-blue, thick needles; the cones are light brown;

Aurea ( Aurea) - slow-growing, round or wide-cone-shaped, asymmetrical shape up to 3 m high and 1.5 m wide, dense crown; the needles are yellow-green in spring and early summer, golden-yellow in winter; the cones are light brown;

Watereri - dwarf, spherical, dense shrub 3-5 m high and wide, branches creeping or bending upward; the needles are bluish, thick, short; cones are grayish-brown;

Glauca - initially wide-conical, then asymmetrical openwork tree 10-15 m high and 5-8 m wide; the needles are silver-blue, thick, somewhat curved, 4-7 cm long; cones are grayish-brown, 2.5-7 cm long;

Globosa Viridis - compact form 1-1.5 m high and wide, spherical in youth, later pyramidal, branches drooping to the ground, dense; the needles are dark green, somewhat curved; cones are grayish-brown;

Nana Hibernia - dwarf form with a spherical crown height and width of about 0.8-1 m at 10 years of age, short, bluish needles;

Repanda - creeping form with a fluffy, dense crown with an average height of no more than 0.4 m and a width in adulthood of about 2.5 m; branches grow horizontally; the needles are dark green, hard, and acquire a brownish tint in winter;

Repens - dwarf, creeping shrub 0.4 m high and 1-1.2 m wide or more; the needles are green with a bluish tint, hard, thick;

Type Norway (Norske Typ) - a compact, slow-growing tree with a wide top 8-12 m high and 6-8 m wide, the needles are bluish-green or gray-green (depending on growing conditions and the variety type propagated), slightly shorter than those of the species; cones are grayish-brown;

Fastigiata - a slow-growing, narrow-columnar, small tree with vertical branches and short shoots; the needles are bluish-green, somewhat curved, 4-7 cm long; cones are grayish-brown, 2.5-7 cm long;

Hillside Creeper - low-growing creeping shrub, 0.5 m high, 2 m wide or more; branches slightly twisted; the needles are emerald green, thick, shiny, and acquire a yellowish tint in winter; light brown cones 3-5 cm.

Pinemountain- Pinus Montana Mill.

A bush or small tree, up to 10-12 m high. The bark is brownish-gray, the needles are denser than those of Scots pine, and shorter (3-8 cm), curved and slightly twisted, dense, especially at the ends of the branches. The cones are smaller and rounder, 2-7 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, and ripen in the third year. The scales around the navel have a black border.

A slow-growing species, frost-resistant, drought-resistant, more shade-tolerant than Scots pine. It is unpretentious to soil and grows successfully on rocky, gravelly and calcareous soils. It also grows well on not very saline chernozem soils. It tolerates urban air pollution from smoke and soot better than Scots pine.

Decorative forms of mountain pine

Benjamin - dwarf, spherical, compact, dense form 0.7 m high and 0.9 m wide; the needles are short, hard, dark green, usually slightly curved, shiny;

Varella - dwarf form with a very dense spherical or cushion-shaped crown 0.5-1 m high, 0.5-1.5 m wide; the needles are long, dark green, usually slightly curved; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Wintergold - compact pillow-shaped shape 0.8 m high, 1.2 m wide; the needles are short, stiff, light green, usually slightly curved, slightly twisted, golden yellow in winter; the anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; usually does not form cones; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Wintersonne - a slow-growing, cushion-shaped, rounded, dense shrub about 0.6-0.8 m high and 1.2 m wide, the needles are light green in summer, amber yellow in winter; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Gnome - compact, rounded crown, becomes conical with age, height and width 1-2 m; the needles are dark green, hard, short, 3-4 cm long, usually slightly curved and slightly twisted; numerous yellow anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; the cones are small, sharply ovoid, and rarely formed; tolerates pruning of young growths well;

Carsten's Wintergold - dwarf, spherical, dense shrub up to 0.8 m high and up to 1.2 m wide; the needles are dark green in summer, turn yellow in autumn to dark yellow with an orange tint, short, stiff;

Columnaris - narrow-conical decorative form 2-3 m high, 0.8-1.2 m wide; the needles are dark green, short, 3-8 cm long, rigid, usually slightly curved and slightly twisted; the numerous yellow anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; the cones are small, round, dark brown, up to 2-6 cm long; tolerates pruning of young, non-lignified shoots;

Laurin - dwarf, varied shape from round to wide-conical with a height of 0.5-0.8 m and a width of 1.2 m; the needles are short, bright green;

Mini Pug - dwarf, cushion-shaped, symmetrical shrub, very slow-growing, 0.3-0.5 m high and 0.5-0.8 m wide; the needles are short, stiff, dark green, usually slightly curved, slightly twisted; the anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; does not form cones;

Pug (Mops) - slow-growing, dwarf, cushion-shaped shrub 0.5-1.5 m high, 0.5-1.5 m wide; the needles are short, stiff, dark green, usually slightly curved, slightly twisted; the anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; usually does not form cones; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Mughus - prostrate shrub up to 2-3 m high and 3-5 m wide, initially dense, then openwork; the needles are short, stiff, dark green, usually slightly curved, slightly twisted; the anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; dark brown cones up to 2-6 cm long, ripen in the third year; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Mumpitz - a slow-growing variety with a dense, wide-pyramidal or rounded crown with a height and width of 1-1.2 m; the needles are short, hard, dark green, usually slightly curved; numerous yellow anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; usually do not form cones; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Ophir - compact, cushion-shaped shrub up to 0.5-0.8 m high and 0.8-1.2 m wide; the needles are short, stiff, dark green, usually slightly curved, slightly twisted, bright golden-yellow in winter; the anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; usually does not form cones; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Picobello - slow-growing form with a dense spherical crown with a height and width of 0.5-1.5 m; the needles are short, hard, dark green, usually slightly curved; the anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; usually does not form cones; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Pumilio - dense, cushion-shaped, dwarf shrub 1-1.5 m high, 2-3 m wide; the needles are short, stiff, dark green, usually slightly curved, slightly twisted; the anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; the cones are small, sharply ovoid, ripen in the third year; tolerates pruning of young shoots well;

Humpy - slightly asymmetrical, cushion-shaped, dense shape, very slow-growing, 0.8-1 m high, 1-1.5 m wide; the needles are short, stiff, dark green, usually slightly curved and slightly twisted; the anthers of male inflorescences are very decorative; does not form cones.

Black pine (Austrian pine) -PinusnigraArn.(Pinus austriaca Hoess, Pinus laricio var. austriaca Ant., Pinus nigra var. austriaca Asch. et Gr.)

A tree 20-40 (50) m high, 6-10 (12) m wide with a straight trunk, with a pyramidal crown in young trees, and an umbrella-shaped crown in old ones. The bark of the trunk is black-gray, deeply furrowed. The needles are very intensely dark green, shiny or matte. Needles 2 in a bunch, hard, pointed, straight or bent, often twisted, 8-15 cm long, 1.6-1.8 mm wide. Cones 2-4, short-petiolate, later sessile, extending from the branches, horizontally or obliquely downwards, ovate-conical, symmetrical, 5-8 cm long, 2.5-3 cm in diameter, yellowish-brown, shiny; The scales of the cones inside are black-brown and open in the third year. The scales are rhombic, rounded swollen in front, the keel is transverse, sharp, the navel is raised, with a short spine. The seeds are oblong-ovate, 5-7 mm long, ash-gray or spotted, with a wing streaked with brown stripes.

In its youth (up to 25 years) it grows slowly, much slower than Scots pine, and later surpasses it in growth. It is undemanding to the soil - it can grow on dry rocky soil, and also grows successfully on calcareous soil. Less light-loving than Scots pine, tolerates lateral shading.

In Moscow it periodically freezes and grows poorly. In the Moscow region, it is winter-hardy in areas protected from the wind. Tolerates drought well. Wind resistant. Tolerates urban conditions well. The wood is rich in resin. Durability 300-400 years.

Black pine is a very decorative species; Due to its resilience in urban environments and good growth in a variety of soils, it is highly valuable for urban green building. The very dark color of dense needles allows you to create spectacular color contrasts in compositions.

Decorative forms of black pine

Nana - round or very wide-conical dense shape, very slowly growing in height and width of 1-2 m; the needles are dark green, hard, straight or slightly bent, often twisted; the cones are brown, conical, located horizontally on the branches;

Select - wide-conical, slow-growing small tree with symmetrical layers of branches, height 5-7 m, width 1.5-3 m; the needles are dark green, hard, straight or slightly bent, often twisted; the cones are brown, conical, located horizontally on the branches;

Fastigiata - a slow-growing, wide-columnar small tree 3-4 m high, 1.5-2 m wide; the needles are dark green, hard, straight or slightly bent, often twisted; brown, conical cones, located horizontally on the branches.

Geldreich's pine (white-skinned pine) -PinusHeldreichiiChrist. (Pinus Heldreichii var. leucodermis)

Tree up to 20 m high. The crown varies from narrowly cone-shaped to widely spreading and low dwarf elfin, depending on the growing conditions. The bark of old trees is ash-gray and lamellar. On young branches, after the needles fall off, large rhombic leaf pads remain (the basal part of the fallen covering needles). These shell-shaped pads cover the branches, which is why this pine is also called “shell pine”; needles 2 in a bunch, 6-12 cm long and 1.5 mm wide; the needles are light green, twisted at the ends of the shoots, less dense than those of black pine. The cones are single or 2 (rarely 3) in a bunch, ovoid, 7-8 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter, yellowish or brown. The scutes of the cone scales are flat with a slightly convex navel. The seeds are elliptical, small, 6-7 mm long, with a long wing of 2.2-3 cm. It grows relatively slowly, and is frost-resistant. In open places in the Moscow region it may periodically freeze.

Geldreich pine is very decorative with its bright green long, thick needles and light gray bark, it goes well with dark coniferous species in groups, and is also used as a tapeworm.

Decorative forms of Geldreich pine

Compact Jam ( Compact Gem) - dense, wide-tipped shrub 1.5-2 m high and 1-1.5 m wide, shoots directed diagonally upward; the needles are dark green, hard, shiny, 2 needles in a bunch;

Schmidt ( Schmidtii) - a dwarf, spherical shrub with a dense crown up to 0.5 m in height and width, with age it grows in width more than in height; the needles are long, dark green;

Raspberries ( Malinki) - a small, slow-growing, conical tree or shrub up to 4-5 m high and up to 2 m wide with a dense crown, shoots growing vertically; the needles are dark green, long, 6-11 cm long, located 2 in a bunch.

Landing

Pines grow and develop better in sunny, open places. In full shade, plants stretch out, become faded, the crown thins out, and more needles fall off than they grow. The distance between plants is from 1.5 to 4 m. The breed does not tolerate close groundwater and is afraid of trampling and over-compaction of the soil. In deep, fertile and well-drained soil, pine trees form a more powerful root system and are therefore more wind-resistant. When replanting, you should avoid drying out the roots. Before planting, all plants must be thoroughly watered; the lump must be saturated with moisture and not lose it immediately after planting.

The root collar should be at ground level. As a rule, after planting, soil subsidence occurs, and therefore it is necessary to plant to a depth at which the root ball is 10-20 cm above ground level.

Pines are undemanding to soil fertility; they prefer sandy and sandy loam soils. Weymouth pine grows best on leached black soil. If there is a lot of sand in the soil, it is recommended to add clay. For all types, the following soil composition is suitable: turf soil, clay or sand (2:1). If necessary, you can add lime (200-300 g) to the pit. Optimal soil acidity pH 6.0-7.5. When planting in clay soils, add drainage (for example, broken brick or gravel) to the planting hole in a layer of 20 cm.

Care

Pine does not require much nutrition, so one spring feeding per year with full mineral fertilizer (30 g/sq.m. crown projection) is sufficient. You cannot apply fresh manure to conifers!

Pine is drought-resistant. During the first 2-3 years of drought, young plantings require regular watering once a week, 1.5-2 buckets per plant, depending on size. To preserve moisture for a longer period of time, it is recommended to mulch the planting site with acidic material (fallen pine needles, peat, pine bark, sawdust, etc.) 5-6 cm thick. If plantings are not mulched, then shallow loosening (5-7 cm) is recommended. after each watering for the first 1-2 years after planting. During the hot dry period, all conifers respond well to showering the crown in the early morning hours (before 9-10 am).

The growth of shoots can be slowed down and the crown made denser by cutting off part of the annual growth of branches. If you trim last year's wood, there will be knots left that will gradually dry out until the entire large branch dries out.

Young pines and decorative forms with delicate needles suffer from winter burns. They can be protected with burlap or kraft paper. The cover is removed on a cloudy day in mid-April. Mature pines, after full adaptation, are resistant to frost and winter-spring sun. The dwarf cedar pine "Glauka" is preserved without damage if the branches are bent to the ground for the winter.

Main pests and diseases

Pine pests:

Pine hermes

pine shoot

Resin shooter

Pine flower beetle

Shishkovaya resin

Cone moth

Pine armyworm

pine sawfly

Angular-winged pine moth

Pine silkworm

Berry bug

Pine bark bug

Stem pests (representatives of the families: bark beetles, longhorn beetles, borers, weevils, grinders, borers and others).

Pine diseases:

Fusarium

Scots pine tree

Schutte brown pine

Snow shutte

Schutte gray

Red spot

Pine needle rust

Pine blister rust

Nectria necrosis of the cortex

Caenangium necrosis

Scleroderma carcinoma

Resin crayfish (or seryanka crayfish)

Biatorella pine cancer

Ulcerative cancer

Stem rot

Root rot, etc.

The plant nursery and garden center Paer+ has been operating since 1998. During this time, we have acquired vast experience and knowledge in planting and caring for ornamental plants, coniferous and fruit trees and shrubs. From us you can purchase plants for creating hedges, fruit trees and shrubs for your garden, as well as order work on landscape design and design, landscaping and landscaping. Trees and shrubs are supplied from the oldest nurseries in Germany and Poland, as well as from our Voronezh nursery of planting material. The plant nursery and garden center Paer+ is conveniently located on the territory of the Main Botanical Garden in Moscow. The range of plants includes large trees, conifers, deciduous plants, perennials, roses and rhododendrons, bonsai, molded plants, as well as any decorative trees and shrubs to order. All information (articles, photographs, etc.) posted on this site is the property of PAER+ LLC and is protected by Copyright Law..

Description

Roumelian pine (Pinus peuce)

Crown diameter of an adult plant: 5 m
Adult plant height: 25 m

Form: Narrow pyramidal, with a very dense crown.
Needles/Foliage: Long (6 -11cm), gray-green, in bunches of 5.
Fruit: The cones are light brown (8-16 cm), set at the age of 10.
Requirements: Prefers sunny places. It is not demanding on soil; it grows in any soil, from acidic to alkaline. Moisture-loving, but drought-resistant. Frost-resistant.
Description

Pinus peuce (Rumelic or, as it is called in Europe, Macedonian or Balkan pine) is a very beautiful tree, undeservedly ignored by our landscapers. In terms of the totality of its positive characteristics, it surpasses the widely used Weymouth pines and cedars. Rumelian pine practically does not lose its lower branches. It is as winter-hardy as cedar pines (up to -45?), but not as capricious in cultivation, and grows much better on our damp clays. It is as elegant as Weymouth, but much more resistant to fungal diseases (especially blister rust, which is the main problem of all 5-needle introduced species). Unfortunately, the intermediate hosts of this scourge are currants and gooseberries, from which it is almost impossible to isolate yourself. Pinus peuce is widely used in landscaping in the Scandinavian countries (Scandinavians lovingly call it silk pine).

Planting Guide

Plant in sunny locations with fresh, fertile, moist soil.

Care Guide

Winter hardiness is high. Photophilous, tolerates light partial shade. Demanding on soil moisture, grows much more slowly on dry soils. It is not picky about soil, prefers fresh, medium-fertile soil. Resistant to fungal diseases. Can tolerate short-term drought.

Pinus peuce

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Frost resistance zone 5a.

Varieties: "Arnold dwarf", "Select", "Nana"

Location: needs sunny, completely open places, grows well in fresh, not dry, fertile soil, acidic or slightly alkaline, well permeable. Can grow on rocky soils. Tolerates urban conditions well.

Care:In the second year after planting, it is necessary to apply complex fertilizer, and in the 2nd half of summer - phosphorus-potassium fertilizers 40-50 g per 10 liters of water.

Trimming:sanitary pruning. When formative pruning, it is recommended to remove no more than 1/3 of the green mass. To increase the density of the crown, a third of the current year's growth is removed, while maintaining the shape of the crown. You cannot leave bare branches without needles. Formative pruning should not be carried out earlier than a year after planting. It is recommended to prune from early spring to late autumn.

Diseases and pests: immune to blister rust, practically does not suffer from diseases and pests. More resistant to sclerodian cancer than Pinus strobus , resistant to mealybug.

or Cedar elfin wood- Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel

Distributed throughout Eastern Siberia and the Far East, Northeast China, Korea, and Japan. It grows on dune sands, mountain slopes, and swamps in the moss tundra. ON In the south it grows at an altitude of 1600-2000 m, forming a strip of dwarf cedar at the upper border of the forest (on Sakhalin 700-1000 m), to the north the altitude of distribution decreases. In Kamchatka it occurs almost from sea level. Forms large, impenetrable thickets on mountain slopes, scree, and sand. The branches lie under the snow for the winter and straighten out in the spring. Grows on rocky and poor soils. Protected in nature reserves.

Pinus pumila "Glauca"
Photo by Dmitry Vinyarsky

A plant of wide ecological amplitude. For its original appearance it received many names: “lying forest”, “northern cedar”, “northern jungle”, etc. The emergence of creeping dwarf cedar forests was facilitated by its growth conditions.

These are small trees (no more than 5 m in height) with intertwined crowns, pressed to the ground (crawling and creeping along it) and forming impenetrable thickets. Palmate branches, covered with tufts of needles, stretch upward only at the tops. Young shoots are greenish, in the second year of life they are gray-brown, short, with reddish pubescence. The needles are 5 pieces in a bunch, up to 10 cm long, bluish-green, thin, curved, functional for 2-3 years. Male spikelets are intense red, decorative. The cones are red-violet, turning brown as they ripen, 3-6 cm long, ovoid or round, collected at the ends of the branches, falling without opening, along with the seeds. The cones ripen in the second year. The seeds are oval, up to 0.9 cm, dark brown, with a thin skin.

Introduced into cultivation around 1807, known in St. Petersburg since 1833. According to V.I. Lipsky and K.K. Meissner (1915), it was introduced into cultivation by the VIN Botanical Garden, where it is currently grown. Also available in the collections of the Arboretum of the Forestry Academy and the Otradnoe Scientific Experimental Station.

In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (26 copies) were obtained from Primorye and Lipetsk LSOS. Tree, at 36 years old, height 4.4 m, crown diameter 260 cm. Vegetation from 18.IV ±11. It grows slowly, the annual growth is 3-5 cm. It is dusty from 12.V ± 7 to 18.V ± 4. The cones ripen in September of the following year. Winter hardiness is high. Absent from the landscaping of Moscow.

Pinus pumila
Photo by Vyacheslav Radyushkin

Pinus pumila
Photo by Konstantin Korzhavin

Pinus pumila
Photo by Vyacheslav Radyushkin

Winter-hardy. It grows slowly. Photophilous, does not tolerate dry air. Elfin cedar is undemanding to soils and grows well even on the poorest, rockiest, sandiest soils. Does not require special care, is not susceptible to serious diseases and pests. It is extremely rare in cultivation, although it is a valuable ornamental plant, especially for the northern regions.

Propagated by seeds and grafting onto other types of pines. The survival rate of grafting forms and varieties is very low. Species plants can be grown from seeds. But, unfortunately, even on a natural specimen they ripen once every 20-30 years, and only if it grows in an open place. Before sowing, seeds require artificial stratification for six months at 2-5 °C. Sowing before winter is also possible, but mice can eat the nuts. The photo on the right is a 3-month-old seedling. Dwarf often forms adventitious roots on branches in contact with the ground - layering. Ask if your friends have mature elfin wood in their garden.

Pinus pumila "Chlorocarpa"
Photo by Dmitry Vinyarsky

Used in single and group plantings in parks and forests, for decorating rock gardens. This plant will fit into a variety of compositions and parts of the garden: undergrowth under pines, larches, oaks, an element of tree groups or, for example, a tapeworm planted among large gray stones on dumps. Slopes and slopes are strengthened with cedar dwarf wood. And they even grow it in containers (most other conifers will simply freeze to death in this case). This means that it is perfect for decorating roof gardens.

The most popular garden form is with bluish needles.

"Glauka", Sizaya ("Glauca"). Selective form. Shrub 1 - 1.5 m high, rarely up to 3 m. Crown diameter is about 3 m. The shoots are powerful, curved and rising. The needles are gray-blue, more intensely colored than the type. It grows slowly, with an annual growth of 3 cm. The main charm of this form is the dense pubescence of the branches with five-coniferous bunches of long (up to 8 cm) sharp curved needles of silver-blue color, which do not fall off for three to four years. Young red-violet cones are an additional decoration of this luxurious pine; By the time of ripening, the ovoid, up to 5 cm long cones become shiny, light brown. Winter-hardy. Photophilous. Does not tolerate stagnant water. Introduced into cultivation in 1943 in Boskop. Propagated by seeds, cuttings (14%). Suitable for group plantings in gardens. for growing in containers. Used for landscaping parterre lawns and rock gardens. In the Botanical Garden BIN since 1998, obtained from nature, from the slopes of the Golovnin volcano on Kunashir Island. Should be grown in lime-free soil.

It is impossible to describe in detail all the varieties of dwarf cedar used in Europe; we will briefly report on some with unusual colored needles:

"Chlorocarpa" The size is close to normal, the needles are gray-green, and the young cones are yellow-green. Not particularly attractive, but will interest conifer collectors.

Pinus pumila "Draijer's Dwarf"
Photo by Kirill Tkachenko

"Draijers Dwarf"- a compact wide plant with a funnel-shaped crown and a slow growth rate (5-6 cm per year). Needles 3 cm long are loosely arranged, especially blue ones. Before 1950, selected by G. Hesse and distributed by den Ouden and son in Boskop as P. pumila var. nana, since 1954 received the latter name.

"Dwarf Blue"- wide pine with shoots, fluffy due to pointed, radially arranged bunches of white-bluish needles 3-4 cm long;

"Globe"- Fast-growing shape compared to the species, rounded, up to 2.m high and wide, very dense. Needles are 5-7 cm long, thin, beautiful, bluish-green (=P. sembra "Globe"; den Ouden and Boom). The old tree was selected in the Gimborn Arboretum, Doorn; introduced into culture in 1965 by Dreyer, Heemstede.

"Jeddeloh". The shape is flat, wide, widely spreading with a nest-like deepened middle; branches on the outside rise obliquely; annual growth is 7-10 cm; shoots are densely covered with needles. The needles are pressed to the shoot, straight, arched inward at the end, 3-5 cm long, fresh green, the inner sides are bluish-white. The apical cones are cylindrical, 10-12 mm long, gray-brown, without resin; scales pressed. Yeddelo selection, very tenacious and healthy specimens.

"Jermyns". The dwarf form, especially the slow-growing, very compressed and pin-shaped form, is different in appearance from other forms. Introduced into cultivation in 1965 by Hillier and Son, Winchester.

"Nana"- a shrub with a denser crown than the main species. Male flowers are wine red. The needles are twisted, bright gray-green. Previously considered a form of European pine (Pinus cembra), it is now classified as a dwarf pine, and the name of the form “Nana”, despite the lack of dwarfism, remains.

"Saentis"- the crown shape of this cultivar resembles a miniature pine tree, standing out strongly among other representatives of the species with its vertical structure (the most vertical of the elfin trees).

"Saphir". The form is weak and unevenly growing. The needles are short, beautiful blue. Dreyer selection, 1970