Type B USB 3.0 plug can be determined by five additional contacts. Although it is similar to its predecessor USB 2.0, the differences are visually more noticeable.
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USB 3.0 B type plug |
USB 3.0 type B plug disassembled |
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USB 3.0 Type B Receptacle |
USB 3.0 Type B socket from different angles |
Pinout of USB 3.0 B-type connectors
Micro-B plug and socket
For connectors for mobile devices, the changes are more noticeable. The old Micro-B USB 2.0 connector was 6.86 mm wide, but now the connector width is USB 3.0 Micro-B for mobile phones, players and smartphones increased to 12.25 mm. Again, the connectors have been designed to be USB 2.0 compatible.
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USB 3.0 Micro-B plug |
USB 3.0 Micro-B plug and socket |
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USB 3.0 Micro-B plug disassembled |
USB 3.0 Micro-B socket disassembled |
Pinout of USB 3.0 Micro-B connectors
There are also USB 3.0 Micro connectors two more types: USB 3.0 Micro-A plug And USB 3.0 Micro-AB socket. Visually different from USB 3.0 Micro-B“rectangular” (not cut) part of the connector with USB 2.0 contacts, which avoids connecting Micro-A plugs V Micro-B socket, A Micro-AB socket makes it compatible with both plugs.
Micro-AB socket will be applied in mobile devices having onboard USB 3.0 host controller. Pin 4 is used to identify the host/client mode ( ID) - V Micro-A plug it is closed to ground.
USB 3.0 Powered-B connectors
The new Powered-B connector is designed with two additional pins, allowing devices to provide up to 1000 mA to another device, such as a Wireless USB adapter. This eliminates the need for a power source for the device connected to the Wireless USB Adapter... taking it one step further ideal system wireless communication without wires (even for power). For normal wired connections to a host or hub, these two additional pins are not used.
USB 3.0 Powered-B socket (diagram)
Alternative connection methods, such as USB connectors, are widely used to connect modern devices.
This name is quite common and in English translated as “universal serial bus”.
All USB connectors are available in three versions.
Characteristic features of the main three versions of USB connectors
First version of USB connectors (1.1). Its characteristic feature is a very low speed, at which all information is transmitted with a long delay.
The transfer speed is 12 Mbit/s. Its main purpose is to be used for interconnecting devices.
Second version of USB connectors (2.0).
Characterized by a data transfer rate of 480 Mbit/s. This corresponds to a speed of 48 MB/s.
The bulk of all modern technical instruments and devices are adapted to use this particular version. It is the most popular and well-known, and therefore is in demand in the electrical goods market.
True, due to many factors, the real speed of this standard does not exceed 30 - 33 MB/s.
Since the latest releases of hard drives, for example, SSDs, are designed to read information at a much higher speed (almost 4 times), this version of the standard delays the effect of new drive models.
This shows the main drawback of the properties of USB 2.0 connectors. But despite this, certain devices are quite compatible with this version of connectors: mice, keyboards, scanners and printers.
Third version of USB (3.0).
This version is characterized by the speed of information transfer - 5 Gbit/s – which is considered a fairly high figure.
This speed corresponds 500 MB/s
This is much higher than the speed of the latest generation hard drives (150 - 170 MB/s).
USB 3.0 connectors are specially marked blue for recognition.
Interface compatibility
If we consider the issue of compatibility of devices that have the connectors presented above, we can state that the first and second versions of USB connectors can be interchangeable with each other.
A particular device that has a USB version 2 connection but accepts a version 1 connection may display a message indicating its ability to perform faster.
Because this computer model is designed to receive information through the second version, the speed of which is higher than the first.
That is, the full speed potential of this device will not be used.
Modern devices that have connectors of the second version can be connected to the third version of USB, and the use of the third version relative to the second is excluded, except for USB 3.0 type A.
Additional contacts create conditions for increasing the speed of the interface - this is a feature of the latest models of cables and devices that have connectors of the third version of USB.
USB power supply
The power for which connected devices with USB connectors are designed is 2,5 W and also 4,5 W (for the third version).
Based on this, USB connectors of all versions require voltage 5 V. Current up to 0,5 Oh, and for the third version - 0.9 A.
USB 3.0 pins.
Devices such as players, memory cards, phones, flash drives (that is, devices with low power) can be freely connected using such connectors.
And technical means with high power are connected to an external electrical network.
Connector types
The second and third versions of connectors are distinguished by size: Mini USB (small sizes), Micro USB (even smaller sizes); and also by types: A, B.
USB 2.0 type A connector.
A reliable connector whose main characteristic is the ability to withstand more than one connection without losing its integrity.
The cross-section of the connector has a rectangular shape, which creates additional protection when connecting.
Its disadvantage is its large size, and all modern devices are portable, which influenced the development and production of connectors of a similar type, but of a smaller size.
USB 2.0 Type A was introduced in the nineties and is currently still the most used.
A significant number of low-power devices have it: keyboard, mouse, flash drive and others.
USB connector version 2.0 type B.
We mainly find its application in stationary devices of large dimensions. These include scanners, printers, and less commonly ADSL modems.
It is rare, but it still happens that cables of this type are sold separately from the equipment itself, because they are not part of the technical device kit. Therefore, check the complete set of devices.
Connectors of this type are not as popular as type A connectors.
The square and trapezoidal shape is inherent in all type B connectors.
These include both Mini and Micro.
The peculiarity of the cross-section of type “B” connectors is their square shape, which distinguishes it from other types.
Mini USB connectors of the second version, type B.
The name of this type of connector indicates that it has very small dimensions. And this is not surprising, because the modern market increasingly offers miniature goods.
Thanks to the use of personal hard drives, card readers, players and other small devices, USB Mini connectors related to type B have become very popular.
It should be noted that such connectors are unreliable. It becomes loose with frequent use.
But the use of USB Mini Type A connector models is extremely limited.
Micro USB 2.0 type B connectors.
Micro USB connector models are more advanced than Mini USB models.
This type of connector is incredibly small in size.
Unlike the previous mini types presented, these connectors are very reliable with their fastenings and connection fixation.
The Micro USB 2.0 connector type “B” has been recognized in its qualities as uniform for universal use for charging all portable devices.
What will happen over time, when all manufacturers begin to produce equipment adapted specifically to such connectors. It probably won't take long to see it.
But this decision was already made in 2011 by all modern manufacturers, although the Micro USB 2.0 type “B” connector is not yet present on all devices.
USB third version type A connectors.
USB 3.0 connectors have greater speed for information transfer due to additional contacts.
With such changes, feedback compatibility is still maintained. Its use has been established in computers and laptops of the latest generation.
USB connectors third version type B.
The third version of USB type “B” connectors are not suitable for connecting USB connectors of the second version.
It is used in the operation of peripheral devices with medium and large productivity.
Micro USB 3.0.
Modern high-speed external drives, as well as SSD-type drives, are basically all equipped with a connector that is characterized by a high speed of information exchange.
It is increasingly occupying a leading position due to the fact that it has very high-quality connections.
The connector is easy to use due to its compact size. Its predecessor is considered to be a Micro USB connector.
Connector pinoutUSB.
The main differences between Micro and Mini USB connectors
At first glance, these connectors are very similar. Indeed, most of the characteristic features of the basic parameters of these species coincide.
But upon closer inspection, you can notice the following differences:
- The USB Mini connector is larger than the USB Micro connector.
- The presence of special-purpose latches on the back side of the USB Micro connectors.
Many users have already become convinced that it is most convenient to have not just one type of connector, but several, because different kinds devices have different types connecting USB connectors.
Unfortunately, device manufacturers have not yet come to a single standard, and most likely will not come for a long time, because each type of USB connector has its own purpose.
On November 12, the final specification of the new high-speed standard USB 3.0 (revision 1.0), providing a maximum data transfer rate of up to 5 Gbps, was adopted. Hewlett-Packard Company, Intel Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, NEC Corporation, ST-NXP Wireless and Texas Instruments took part in the work on the new standard. The first USB 3.0 controllers will appear in 2009, and mass production of devices with the USB 3.0 interface will begin in 2010.
A little history of the USB standard
The USB bus or interface (Universal Serial Bus) is a universal serial bus designed for connecting peripheral devices. At one time, the USB bus replaced the already obsolete interfaces COM, LPT, PS/2 and GamePort (for connecting a joystick).
The widely adopted USB 1.0 standard was introduced in November 1996. It defined two high-speed data transfer modes: Full-Speed mode with a maximum transfer speed of up to 12 Mbit/s and Low-Speed mode with a maximum transfer speed of up to 1.5 Mbit/s. Maximum length cable in Full-Speed mode did not exceed 3 m, and in Low-Speed mode - 5 m.
To connect peripheral devices to the USB 1.0 bus, a cable consisting of two pairs of wires was used. One twisted pair in a differential connection was used to receive and transmit data, and another pair of wires was used to power a peripheral device with a voltage of +5 V. Thanks to the built-in power lines, the USB 1.0 bus made it possible to connect peripheral devices without their own power supply. Wherein maximum strength The current consumed by the device via the power lines of the USB 1.0 bus should not exceed 0.5 A. Up to 127 devices could be connected to one USB 1.0 bus controller via a chain of hubs.
In September 1998, the USB 1.1 specification appeared. Actually, in terms of its technical and speed characteristics, it did not differ from USB 1.0. It just fixed bugs in version 1.0.
In April 2000, the USB 2.0 specification was published, and in late 2001 this version was standardized. Today, USB 2.0 is the most common bus. All laptops, motherboards and peripheral devices (printers, MFPs, mice, keyboards, joysticks, graphics tablets, etc.) are equipped with a USB 2.0 interface, and the USB 1.1 interface is almost out of use. At the same time, the USB 2.0 interface is backward compatible with the USB 1.1 interface.
The USB 2.0 specification provides three speed modes: in addition to the Low-Speed (up to 1.5 Mbit/s) and Full-Speed (up to 12 Mbit/s) modes, there is a high-speed Hi-Speed mode, which determines the maximum transfer speed up to 480 Mbit/s s (60 MB/s).
As with the USB 1.0 and USB 1.1 specifications, the USB 2.0 specification uses a cable consisting of two pairs of wires to connect peripheral devices: one twisted pair of wires for receiving and transmitting data, and the other for powering the peripheral device. In this case, the supply voltage is again 5 V, and the maximum current should not exceed 0.5 A. Up to 127 devices can be connected to one USB 2.0 bus controller via a chain of hubs.
The USB 2.0 standard provides three types of connectors: type A connector (Fig. 1), type B connector (Fig. 2) and miniUSB type B connector (Fig. 3). MicroUSB connectors were subsequently introduced in January 2007, however these are intended for mobile phones and communicators and are not used in computers and peripherals.
Rice. 1. USB Type A connector
Rice. 2. USB type B connector
Rice. 3. miniUSB type B connector
The main problem with USB 2.0 is that it is unidirectional. That is, data is transmitted in both directions (either one way or the other, but not simultaneously) over the same twisted pair cable. Despite the declared maximum data transfer speed of up to 480 Mbit/s, the USB 2.0 bus has quite long delays between the request for data transfer and the actual start of the transfer. Therefore, in reality, the USB 2.0 interface does not allow data transfer at speeds exceeding 35 MB/s (280 Mbit/s). Of course, such a data transfer rate today is clearly insufficient. Connecting external hard drives and flash memory via USB 2.0 interface does not allow them to realize their full speed potential. For example, when connecting an external hard drive via the eSATA interface, the data transfer speed is limited by the speed characteristics of the drive itself and for modern drives is about 90 MB/s (with sequential read and write operations), and when connecting the same external drive via the USB 2.0 interface, the speed data transfer is reduced to 33 MB/s.
Not only external drives, but also many other peripheral devices require significantly more interface bandwidth than the USB 2.0 interface can provide. Therefore, the new high-speed USB 3.0 standard, which has been in development for several years, could not have come at a better time.
USB 3.0 specification: briefly about the main thing
If we talk about the main advantage of the USB 3.0 standard compared to the USB 2.0 standard, it is, of course, data transfer speed. The USB 3.0 specification provides SuperSpeed mode with data transfer speeds of up to 5 Gbps (640 MB/s), that is, more than 10 times higher than those provided by the USB 2.0 specification. Of course, the actual data transfer speed will most likely be lower, but even taking this into account, this USB 3.0 bus bandwidth is more than enough for most peripheral devices.
Naturally, the high transfer speed of the USB 3.0 bus is not its only difference from the USB 2.0 bus. But despite all the differences (of which there are many), USB 3.0 remains backward compatible with USB 2.0. That is, in the USB 3.0 specification, in addition to the SuperSpeed mode, Hi-Speed, Full-Speed and Low-Speed modes are also retained. Additionally, USB 3.0 connectors are compatible with USB 2.0 connectors. This means that all USB 2.0 peripherals can be connected to the USB 3.0 bus.
The next important difference between the USB 3.0 specification and USB 2.0 is that the standard provides for bidirectional data transfer over different twisted pairs. Thus, there are more contacts in USB 3.0 connectors. The number of wires in the USB cable has also increased. Thus, in the USB 2.0 standard, one twisted pair was used for receiving/transmitting data, and the other for power supply, that is, the USB 2.0 connectors had four contacts, and the USB cable contained four wires. In the USB 3.0 specification, the first twisted pair is used to transmit data, the second is used to receive data, the third is for power, and for compatibility with the USB 2.0 standard, a fourth twisted pair is provided, through which data is received/transmitted in USB 2.0 mode (Hi-Speed , Full-Speed and Low-Speed). In addition, there must be another “ground” (GND_DRAIN) in the form of a braid of two twisted pairs. Thus, a USB 3.0 cable has not four wires (as in a USB 2.0 cable), but eight (Fig. 4), and USB 3.0 connectors have at least nine pins (twisted pair braids are connected to the GND_DRAIN pin).
Rice. 4. USB 3.0 cable
The supply voltage transmitted via the USB bus remains unchanged - +5 V.
Types of possible connectors and cables
The number of possible USB 3.0 connectors has increased. USB 3.0 connectors are available in the following types: Type A, Type B, Powered-B, Micro-B, Micro-A, and Micro-AB. Correspondence between connectors various types shown in table. 1 . Note that the USB 3.0 Micro-A connector is only available in a plug version, and the USB 3.0 Micro-AB connector is only available in a female version. We especially note that the USB 3.0 specification does not provide for miniUSB type B connectors, which are widely used today.
USB 3.0 Type A connector
The USB 3.0 type A connector (Fig. 5), both male and female, is no different in shape and size from the USB 2.0 type A connector. It is fully compatible with the USB 2.0 type A connector, that is, a USB 3.0 type female connector A, in addition to a USB 3.0 Type A female connector, a USB 2.0 Type A male connector can be inserted, and vice versa, a USB 2.0 Type A female connector can be inserted into a USB 3.0 Type A male connector.
Rice. 5. USB 3.0 Type A connector
There are a total of nine pins in the USB 3.0 Type A connector (Figure 6). The purpose of the contacts is indicated in the table. 2.
Rice. 6. Pin numbering in USB 3.0 type A connector
USB 3.0 Type A connector compatibility with USB 2.0 Type A connector is achieved because all the pins present in the USB 2.0 Type A connector are also present in the USB 3.0 Type A connector, but new pins have been added to the latter.
USB 3.0 Type B connector
The USB 3.0 type B connector (Fig. 7), like the USB 2.0 type B connector, will be used to connect stationary peripheral devices such as printers, MFPs and external drives. Computers will not use USB 3.0 Type B female connectors (just as USB 2.0 Type B female connectors are not used). The USB 3.0 type B connector is partially compatible with the USB 2.0 type B connector, that is, in a USB 3.0 type B female connector, in addition to the USB 3.0 type B male connector, you can insert a USB 2.0 type B male connector. But insert into a USB 2.0 type B female connector A USB 3.0 Type B male connector will fail.
Rice. 7. USB 3.0 Type B connector
There are a total of nine pins in the USB 3.0 Type B connector (Figure 8). Their location, naturally, differs from the location of the contacts in the USB 3.0 type A connector, but the correspondence of the contact numbers and their purpose is exactly the same (see Table 2).
Rice. 8. Pin numbering in USB 3.0 type B connector
USB 3.0 Powered-B connector
The USB 3.0 Powered-B connector in its form factor is fully compatible with the USB 3.0 type B connector, but differs from it in the presence of two additional power contacts (DPWR and DGND) and two additional wires in the USB cable, which allows you to power USB adapters without the need for connection them to the network.
The USB 3.0 Powered-B female connector can accommodate a USB 3.0 Powered-B male connector, a USB 3.0 type B connector, and a USB 2.0 type B connector. In total, the USB 3.0 Powered-B connector has 11 pins (Fig. 9), the purpose of which is shown in table 3.
Rice. 9. Pin numbering in the USB 3.0 Powered-B connector
USB 3.0 Micro-B connector
The USB 3.0 Micro-B connector (Fig. 10) is intended for use in portable devices such as Cell phones, communicators, etc. It is compatible with USB 2.0 Micro-B connector, that is, the USB 3.0 Micro-B female connector can also accept a USB 2.0 Micro-B male connector in addition to the USB 3.0 Micro-B male connector. However, a USB 2.0 Micro-B female connector cannot accept a USB 3.0 Micro-B male connector. Compatibility of a USB 3.0 Micro-B female connector with a USB 2.0 Micro-B male connector is achieved due to the fact that the USB 3.0 Micro-B connector is divided into two structural parts: USB 2.0 and USB 3.0. A USB 2.0 Micro-B plug connector can be inserted separately into the USB 2.0 part. The USB 3.0 Micro-B male connector is also designed into two parts and can only be inserted into a USB 3.0 Micro-B (or USB 3.0 Micro-AB) female connector.
Rice. 10. USB 3.0 Micro-B connector
The USB 3.0 Micro-B connector has a total of ten pins. In addition to the standard VBUS, D-, D+, GND, SSTX-, SSTX+, GND_DRAIN, SSRX- and SSRX+ pins, there is another specific ID pin designed to identify the OTG mode.
USB 3.0 Micro-AB connector
The USB 3.0 Micro-AB female connector will only be used in devices that support the OTG (On-The-Go) standard (in fact, like the USB 2.0 Micro-AB connector). The USB 3.0 Micro-AB female connector will accept USB 3.0 Micro-B, USB 3.0 Micro-A, USB 2.0 Micro-B, and USB 2.0 Micro-A male connectors. But the USB 2.0 Micro-AB female connector will only be compatible with USB 2.0 Micro-B and USB 2.0 Micro-A male connectors.
USB 3.0 Cable Types
Given the variety of USB 3.0 connectors, the following types of USB cables will be offered:
- USB 3.0 Type A (male) - USB 3.0 Type A (male);
- USB 3.0 type A (male) - USB 3.0 type B (male);
