Acceptance of cable lines - the final stage of work on their laying and installation. After the end of the laying work, when the power cable and coupling couplings are not available for direct inspection, the reception of cable lines is carried out only in the process of electrical tests. However, existing methods of electrical tests do not allow to identify all defects in the laid line. Therefore, the reliability of the cable line in operation can
ensure only if during the construction of the line the rules of laying and installation of couplings are not violated.
The commissioned paved power cable according to the design must comply with the conditions of the environment and the adopted method of laying. Uninterrupted operation during the operation of the cable line largely depends on the correctly selected type and brand of the paved cable.
Acceptance of structures on the highway of the cable line precedes the laying in them of power cables. By the beginning of the laying of cables in underground facilities ensure the end of all construction work. When accepting the construction part of underground structures check: the correct location of underground structures, the presence of slopes in them for water drain, if it is. It is necessary, electrical lighting, waterproofing and ventilation, the correspondence of the internal dimensions of the project, the absence of gas and water, as well as the state of reinforced concrete structures. In addition, extraneous underground communications left in the underground structure are checked with the project and the correctness of the method of their intersection with cable structures, for example, in additional case pipes, as well as the presence of heat-insulation for heat pipelines, etc., the correctness of laying of block sewage pipes are checked by dragging metallic cylinder with a diameter, 5 mM smaller internal diameter of checked pipes.
Check the checks of the hatches of the wells (which, with an improved road coating, should not differ from their marks to more than 1 cm), the presence of shut-off covers, mortgage parts for mounting the cable when the cable laying. In the roadway, cast-iron hatches must be laid on the lining reinforced concrete rings.
Check quality of work In the process of laying consists in determining the depth of the cable laying, permissible bending radii, the absence of substances in the soil, corrosive cable shells, distances between cables in the light (at least 100 mm), distances at the intersections and rapprochement of the laid power cable with rail and tram paths, heat cable, heat cable pipes, communication cables, etc.; The presence of a sandy bed under cable and pillows, protective coatings, cable reserves in front of couplings to compensate for the length and corresponding couplings in marsh and weak soils. Especially often there are mechanical damage to cables when dragging them in pipes across the streets, as well as when entering the building. Control over the strict compliance with the Montage Montage technology is to check the steep bends of the veins, the size of their cutting, the density of the isolation winding, the quality of the soldering, as well as the quality of the mounting material, the correspondence of the cable headset, tools and fixtures.
Technical documentationtransmitted by the assembly organization on the laid line contains:
technical project of the cable line with all the coordination on its laying and deviations from the project with an indication with whom and when these deviations are agreed;
the scheme of the executive route, certified by the technical supervision of the power supply enterprise;
protocols of factory cable tests required to check the cable matching requirements of GOST;
the acts of outdoor inspection of the cable on the drums necessary for the confidence that the paved cable was not damaged during its transportation or storage;
the results of the autopsy and inspection in the laboratory of samples for foreign firms production cables, as well as for cables that there are no factory testing protocols;
protocol testing the entire cable line after laying.
Technical documentation also includes; inventory inventory of all elements of the cable line; Drawings of building structures; cable magazine; Act of transfer to the nature of the project project and the correctness of the execution of the center work; act of admission of trenches and the construction part of cable structures for installation; The cable warming protocol on the drums before laying if the work was carried out at temperatures below about ° C; protocol measurement of end couplings grounding resistance; Act on hidden work.
In the act on hidden work reflect the following:
inspection of the paved cable;
device "bed", "pillows", protect the cable line from mechanical damage;
compliance of the dimensions of mutual convergence and intersection with other underground communications;
installation of all couplings.
If the project on the cable line provides for the electrical protection of metal cable cable shells from corrosion, then the protocols confirming the correct operation of protective anti-corrosion devices must be transferred to operation.
Before turning on the paved cable line, the minimum volume of starting tests, which consists in determining the integrity of the cable vehicle, in measuring the insulation resistance between the cable veins and between the veins and the land, in testing the high voltage cable line of the straightened current and checking the action of anti-corrosion protection devices from wandering Currents. At the same time, the correctness of the correspondence has been checked by phases from both ends of the line regardless of their coloring.
Voltage lines below 1000 V are checked for continuity (absence of a break), and to match the insulation resistance rate of 0.5 MΩ (Pue). If the measured insulation resistance is less than 0.5 MΩ, then the insulation is additionally insulated with an increased voltage of 1000 V for 1 minute. With a positive result, the line includes work.
Voltage lines above 1000 V.
Continuity check.
Checking the phasing of the cable lived: L1 (a) lived to be connected to the yellow bus, L2 (B) lived - to the green tire, L3 (C) lived - to the red tire.
Test cable lines with high voltage.
The newly paved cable lines are tested with straightened voltage within 10 minutes.
Single-cores with stitched polyethylene insulation are tested by variable voltage of a frequency of 0.1 Hz or a constant voltage applied between residential and metal screen for 15 minutes.
After testing by constant voltage, it is necessary to ground the conductive core or connect it to the screen for a while at least 1 hour.
The magnitude of the test voltage (kV) when
|
Voltage | |||
|
A variable 0.1 Hz. | |||
|
Permanent |
The test voltage is applied to one cable core. The rest are connected to the shell (screen) and ground. When testing, the voltage rise should be performed smoothly, no faster than 1 square meter per second. The leakage current of a serviceable cable (except for insulation cables from the SEP should be stable and should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bof 300 - 500 μA for cables up to 10 kV and 1.5 - 1.8 mA for cables 20 - 35 kV. The permissible value of the asymmetry coefficient (IMAX / Imin) is in the range of 2 - 3.
3.10. Cable lines service.
Supervision of cable lines, cable structures and cable lines are made in order to verify their state by periodic bypass and inspection in the deadlines provided for by PTE and local instructions. Extraordinary bypass and inspections are made during the flood period and after the showers, as well as when the lines are disconnected with relay protection.
When bypass in the inspections of the cable lines, it is necessary:
Check that the tracks are not made not agreed with the energy enterprise, as well as that there were no rubers of the tracks with garbage, slag, garbage, there were no failures and landslides of the soil;
Inspect the place of intersection of cable runs with railways;
Inspect the place of intersection of cable trails by highways, ditches and cuvettes;
Inspect the condition of devices and cables laid through bridges, dams, overpass and other similar facilities;
Check in places of output cables on the walls of buildings or support of the power lines of power, the presence and status of protection of cables from mechanical damage, the serviceability of the end coupling;
When examining cable lines laid in cable structures, it is necessary:
Check the condition of the anticorrosive covers of metal cable shells;
Measure the temperature of the cable shells;
Check the external state of connecting couplings and end sealing;
Check, there are no displacements and cables, whether the distance provided by PUEs between cables is observed;
Check the presence and correctness of the labeling of cables;
Check no lighting;
Measure the air temperature in the premises;
Check the health of the alarm and fire extinguishing devices;
Check whether the soil and wastewater do not penetrate, there are no technological waste production.
Check the condition of cable wells;
Check the status of end areas and end couplings of cable lines set in distribution devices of power plants and substations.
Cables with paper and plastic insulation with a voltage above 1000 V, in operation, should be periodically subjected to prophylactic tests with a straightened voltage equal to the five-time nominal value for 5 minutes. Such a test voltage is sufficient to detect weak points in the cable and in the couplings. (For example: the electrical strength of the maintenance of a 6 kV cable isolating is 200 - 250 kV).
Preventive tests reveal 70 - 85% of defects, the remaining 30 - 15% lead to the disconnection of working lines. They also protect the network from multi-sided damage during overvoltages.
The frequency of preventive tests is established from once a year to once every three years. More often experience cables operated in more difficult conditions.
It has been established that the punching voltage at a negative polarity by 5 - 10% is lower than when positive. Therefore, when testing with straightened voltage, the negative pole of the source is recommended to connect to the test housing, and positive - to connect with a metal shell and ground.
When testing the ends of the cable from the distribution side, they usually do not extend, and disconnects are disconnected. At the same time, a terminal clutch and support insulators are tested simultaneously with the cable. In some cases, it is advisable to experiencing several cables together for several cables together in a chain. In this case, together with cables, transformer P / art transformers falling into the chain, but all transformers (power and voltages) must be disabled.
It is convenient to perform a simultaneous test of parallel cables attached to one unit (transformer, switch, etc.). These cables usually have a section more than 150 mm2. Their disconnection and reverse connection is associated with the bend and possible damage to the insulation of the end couplings.
2.4.1. This chapter applies to power cable lines with voltage from 0.4 to 220 kV.
2.4.2. When commissioned with a voltage to and above 1000 V, except for the documentation provided for by the construction regulations and the rules and sectoral rules of acceptance, the following technical documentation should be issued and transferred to the customer:
the adjusted CL project, which for CL on the voltage of 110 kV and above should be consistent with the plant - manufacturer of cables and the operating organization;
the executive drawing of the route indicating the locations of the connecting coupling, made on the scale of 1: 200 or 1: 500, depending on the development of communications in this area of \u200b\u200bthe track;
the drawing of the CL profile in places of intersection with roads and other communications for CL to voltage 20 kV and higher and for highly complex CL highways to voltage 6 and 10 kV;
cable state acts on the drums and, if necessary, disassembly protocols and inspection of samples (for imported cables, the disassembly is required);
cable magazine;
inventory inventory of all elements of CL (for cliff voltage above 1000 V);
acts of construction and hidden work indicating the intersections and convergence of cables with all underground communications;
acts on the installation of cable couplings;
acts of acceptance of trenches, blocks, pipes, channels, tunnels and collectors for installation;
acts on the installation of devices for the protection of CL from electrochemical corrosion, as well as documents on the results of corrosion tests in accordance with the project;
protocols for testing CL isolation with high voltage after gasket (for cliff voltage above 1000 V);
documents on the results of measuring insulation resistance;
acts of inspection of cables laid in trenches and channels before closing;
protocol of heating cables on drums before laying at low temperatures;
act of verification and testing of automatic stationary fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations.
In addition to the listed documentation, at the acceptance of the 110 kV voltage and above, the assembly organization must be further transferred to the customer:
executive high-altitude cable marks and feeding equipment for oil-filled low pressure cables for a voltage of 110 - 220 kV;
documents on the results of testing oil (liquid) from all elements of lines; The results of impregnating tests; Results of testing and testing of feeding units for oil-filled high pressure cables; results of testing of pressure alarm systems;
acts on the efforts of the plotting during laying;
acts on the tests of protective covers with increased electrical voltage after laying;
protocols of factory tests of cables, couplings and feeding equipment;
documents on the results of testing devices for automatic heating of the end couplings; Results of measuring current on conductive veils and shells (screens) of each phase of oil-filled low pressure cables and cables with plastic insulation to a voltage of 110 kV; Results of measuring cable capacity; Results of measuring resistance to grounding of wells and end couplings.
2.4.3. When serving the newly constructed CL, tests must be made in accordance with the requirements of the electrical installation rules.
2.4.4. The consumer who belongs to the CL (operating organization) should be technical supervision of gasket and installation of CL of all stresses established by assembly organizations.
In supervision of the gasket and during operation of unarmented hose coating cables, special attention should be paid to the state of the hoses. Cables with hoses that have through-cuts, jackets and cracks must be repaired or replaced.
2.4.5. Each CL must have a passport that includes the documentation specified in paragraph 2.4.2, the dispatch number or name.
Open cables are open, as well as all cable clutches must be equipped with tags; On cable tags at the beginning and end of the line, brand, voltage, section, number or name of the line should be specified; On the tags of the connecting couplings - the number of the coupling, the installation date.
Tags must be resistant to environmental exposure. They should be located along the length of the line every 50 m per openly laid cables, as well as on the turns of the track and in the passage of cables through fire-resistant partitions and overlaps (on both sides).
2.4.6. For each CL, when commissioning, the largest permissible current loads must be installed. The loads must be determined by the site of the route with a length of at least 10 m with the worst cooling conditions. The increase in these loads is allowed on the basis of thermal tests, provided that the temperature of the vein is not higher than a long permissible temperature given in state standards or technical conditions. At the same time, the heating of the cables should be checked in the parts of the tracks with the worst cooling conditions.
2.4.7. In cable structures and other premises, systematic control over the thermal mode of operation of cables, air temperature and operation of ventilation devices should be organized.
The air temperature inside cable tunnels, channels and mines in the summer should be no more than 10 ° C above the outdoor temperature.
2.4.8. For the period of elimination of the accident, the current overload for cables with impregnated with paper insulation with a voltage of up to 10 kV is 30% longer than 6 hours per day for 5 days, but not more than 100 hours per year, if the load does not exceed these days long permissible.
Overload cables with 20 and 35 kV paper impregnated with paper insulation are not allowed.
2.4.9. For the period of elimination of the accident, the current overload for cables with insulation from polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride plastic is allowed to 15% and for cables with insulation from rubber and vulcanized polyethylene by a 18% duration of no more than 6 hours per day for 5 days, but not more than 100 hours per year if during the remaining periods of these days the load does not exceed a long time permissible.
For cables that were in operation for more than 15 years, overload should be reduced to 10%.
2.4.10. Overloading of oil-filled low and high pressure cables with a voltage of 110 - 220 kV must be installed by local instructions, taking into account the requirements of state standards.
2.4.11. For each CL made of oil-filled cables or its sections with a voltage of 110 - 220 kV, depending on the line profile, local instructions should be set by the allowable limit values \u200b\u200bof oil pressure, with deviations from which the CL should be disabled and is enabled only after detecting and eliminating the causes of violations.
2.4.12. Oil samples from oil-filled cables and liquids from the terminal coupling cables with plastic insulation with a voltage of 110 kV and higher should be selected before turning on the new line to work, after 1 year after switching on, then after 3 years and later - every 6 years. The values \u200b\u200bof the controlled oil and fluid parameters must comply with the standards for testing electrical equipment (Appendix 3).
2.4.13. With single-phase closure on Earth in networks with isolated or compensated neutral, personnel should immediately report this on duty on the supply substation or on duty over the network of power supplying organization and continue to act on their instructions.
2.4.14. Loads CL should be measured periodically in terms set by electrical equipment testing standards (Appendix 3). Based on these measurements, the modes and schemes of the CL work should be clarified.
2.4.15. Class inspections by voltage up to 35 kV should be carried out on the following dates:
runs of cables laid in the ground - no less than 1 time in 3 months;
speeds of cables laid on the overpass, in tunnels, blocks, canals, galleries and walls of buildings - no less often 1 time in 6 months;
cable wells - at least 1 time in 2 years;
submarine cables - in local instructions within the deadlines set by the consumer responsible for the electroreman.
2.4.16. Treatment inspections of 110 - 220 kV voltage should be carried out:
runs of cables laid in the ground - no less often 1 time per month;
runs of cables laid in collectors and tunnels - no less than 1 time in 3 months;
feeding points in the presence of an alarm pressure of oil (liquid) - at least 1 time per month; feeding points without signaling of oil pressure (liquid) and submarine cables - in local instructions within the deadlines set by the consumer responsible for the electricity.
For CL, laid open, inspection of the cable clutch with a voltage above 1000 V should be carried out at each inspection of electrical equipment.
2.4.17. Periodically, but at least 1 time in 6 months, selective and technical staff should be conducted by administrative and technical staff.
In the period of floods, after the rainstream and when it is disconnected by Rail protection, extraordinary inspections should be carried out.
Information about the faults detected during inspections should be entered into defects and malfunctions. Faults must be eliminated in the shortest possible time.
2.4.18. Inspection of tunnels (collectors), mines and canals at substations with permanent duty staff should be carried out at least 1 time per month, the inspection of these facilities at substations without permanent duty of personnel - in local instructions within the deadlines established by the consumer's electricity.
2.4.19. Local instructions should be set deadlines for checking the performance of fire alarm devices and fire extinguishing devices located in cable structures.
2.4.20. Tunnels, manifolds, channels and other cable structures must be kept clean, metallic non-zero armor of cables laid in cable structures, and metal structures with non-metallalized coating, for which cables are laid, should be periodically covered with non-flammable anti-corrosion compositions.
Storage in cable structures of any materials is not allowed.
Cable structures in which water falls, should be equipped with means for removing soil and stormwater.
2.4.21. In areas with electrified rail vehicles or aggressive soils, measurements of wandering currents should be carried out, and potential CL charts (or its individual sites) and the maps of soil corrosion zones should be systematically corrected. In cities where joint anti-corrosion protection for all underground communications is organized, the removal of potential charts is not required.
Cable potentials should be measured in the zones of wandering currents, places of rapprochement of power cables with pipelines and communication cables that have cathode protection and in areas of cables equipped with corrosion protection. On cables with hose protective covers, the state of the anti-corrosion coating should be monitored.
2.4.22. The consumer, in charge of which is the CL, must control the execution of the management and services of electrified rail transport measures to reduce the values \u200b\u200bof the wandering currents in the land in accordance with the established requirements.
When the risk of destruction of metal shells is detected due to electrical, soil or chemical corrosion, measures should be taken to prevent it.
Observation must be monitored for protective devices for CL in accordance with local instructions.
2.4.23. Excavations of cable tracks or earthworks near them should be made only after receiving the appropriate permission of the organization's leadership, in the territory of which the CL passes, and the organization operating the CL. The permission should be attached a plan (diagram) with an indication of the placement and depth of the setting of CL. The location of the CL should be designated by the corresponding signs or inscriptions as on the plan (Scheme) and at the place of work. At the same time, the performer must ensure supervision of the safety of cables for the entire period of work, and opened cables to strengthen to prevent their savings and protection against mechanical damage. In place of work, signal lights and warning posters must be installed.
2.4.24. Before starting the excavation, the cable line should be made under the supervision of the electrical personnel of the consumer operating the CL, to clarify the location of cables and the depths of their occurrence.
When the earthen veneers of the pipelines, unknown cables or other communications, not specified in the diagram, should be suspended and put on this to be responsible for the electroactivity. Dry trenches and pitted in the locations of cables and underground facilities should be with extreme caution, and at a depth of 0.4 m and more - only shovels.
2.4.25. In winter, the excavation to a depth of more than 0.4 m in the locations of cables should be performed with heating of soil. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that a layer of soil with a thickness of at least 0.15 m is preserved from the surface of the heated layer to cables. The exhausted soil should be discarded with shovels.
For cliff with a voltage of 20 - 35 kV with cables having a non-pending impregnation mass and plastic isolation, or with gas-filled cables, additional monitoring of the state of insulation of vertical sites and their periodic replacement is not required.
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Chapter XI. Operation and repair of cable lines
§ 46. Acceptance of cable lines and maintenance facilities
The acceptance of cable lines is made after the end of the work on the cable laying and the installation of the connecting and end couplings. All work is performed in accordance with the approved and coordinated project, the instruction of the Gosstroke on the laying of cables with a voltage of up to 110 kV (CH 85 - 74) and the current technical documentation for couplings for cables with paper and plastic isolation.
Cable lines during acceptance are subjected to inspections and electrical tests. Cables of hidden pads (in trenches, blocks, etc.) can not be examined after the end of all work on the tracks, and the existing methods of electrical tests do not allow to identify all defects in the paved line. Therefore, in order to ensure good quality of work, it is necessary to control the cable laying and the installation of the couplings during their production, that is, to carry out technical supervision.
Technical supervision includes: checking cable structures and tranches; Introduction to the factory cable test protocols and its condition; checking the quality of work during cable laying and mounted couplings; Control over the presence of certificates of installation personnel that allow them to fulfill the specified works. It is carried out by the organization that will exploit the padded cable.
Trench, Channels, Tunnels and other cable facilities are performed taking into account the minimum allowable radii and bends of cables given in Table. sixteen.
Table 16. The minimum allowable bending radii cables when laying
Name |
Minimum |
|
Cables with paper impregnated with insulation (viscous impregnation) and with paper insulation, impregnated with the unscrewing composition: | |
|
stranded in lead shell | |
|
single-core in an aluminum or lead shell | |
|
stranded in aluminum shell | |
|
Plastic insulation cables in aluminum shell | |
|
Cables with plastic and rubber insulation: Single | |
|
stranded |
Note. DK- outer cable diameter.
When examining cable structures, there must be checked: the presence of sludge for water flow, electric lighting, ventilation and water package, the correspondence of the internal size of the project, the state of reinforced concrete structures, etc.
Checking the quality of work when laying the cable includes: control via a dynamometer for the cable tension force; Determination of permissible radii of bends, depth of laying and distances between parallel with cables, as well as distances between the extreme cables and walls of structures; Determination of distances at intersections and convergence of cables with various facilities; Control over the presence of a sand pillow under cable, protective coatings, cable reserves before couplings, marking tags.
Mounting control coupling includes a check: compliance of the sizewn sizer cable cross section; availability of conditioned and not overdue (shelf life) component materials; availability of appropriate tools and devices; Compliance with the mandatory technology and installation sequence.
On the marking tags, they designate their brand, rated voltage, the number and section of the veins, the number or name of the cable line. On the tags of the connecting couplings of power cables, in addition, indicate the installation date and surname of the electric cable trainer; And on the excavation tags - end items (from where and where the cable is laid).
Cables after laying, mounting cable clutches and end sealing, installation of end sealing (in cable compartment, etc.) are tested by the standards provided by Pue.
Simultaneously with the tests, the correspondence has been tested by the phases of both ends of the line, regardless of their coloring: PUE is installed the order of alternation of the colors of the phases of tire RU. Phase L.1 tire painted in yellow, phase L.2 - Green, phase L.3, - red, and zero working tire N.- Blue color, insulation lived cable lines - on the colors of the tires to which they join.
After turning on the cable line, the voltage of the instruments check the phasing, which is to determine the phase phase of the cable and the connected tire. If the voltage difference between the residential cable and the phase of the RU tire is zero, this means the correspondence of the phases, if not equal to zero, it means the phase inconsistency and the incorrect connection of the cable. The inclusion of such a cable in the chain of the main scheme can cause a short circuit. For the phasing of the cable lines with a voltage of 6 and 10 kV, a voltage pointers are used in a set with an empty resistance (Fig. 112).
Fig. 112. Cable lines phasing:
but -compliance of the cable phase and b - b - inconsistency of the phase of the cable and tires in the connection places; 1- voltage pointer, 2-wire, 3-resistance tube, 4 - tires, 5 - tire shutter connector, 6 - terminal seal, 7 cable; Well - Yellow, 3 - Green, K - Red Tire
Documentation for commissioning cable lines. Vatechnical documentation includes a cable line project with changes, retreats and instructions with whom and when they were agreed.
On the plane of the cable line laid in the trench, are given: coordinates of the connecting couplings, tied to existing constant buildings or special identification signs; Scheme of the cable line with the factory numbers of the drums of the paved cables and their lengths; The sequence of laying drums and the numbering of the connecting coupling when laying cables in the trench; Materials in coordination of the cable line route. In addition, acts are given: acceptance of trenches and cable structures for installation; on hidden work on the laying of pipes; inspection of cables on the drums before laying and protocols of their factory tests; inspection of cable sewage in trenches and channels before closing; Cable gasket logs and cable closures with voltage above 1000, as well as protocols for heating cables on the drum before laying at low temperatures and electrical tests of power cables after the installation.
All these acts and protocols are in a common statement, which together with the documentation is presented during delivery. Acceptance of the cable line is carried out on the act.
During the acceptance of the constructed cable lines (CL), it is not possible to check the quality of the gasket are hidden by the paved cables and the correct installation of the couplings. Therefore, the exploited enterprise carries out technical supervision of the work in the process of laying cables and mounting couplings.
The supervision person receives special training and has special rights to it. It must be traced that all underground facilities related to cable networks, as well as the intersection of cable lines with other underground structures corresponded to the project. With the participation of the technical supercharger, the cable inspection is carried out when they are on the drums. If during the inspection there will be doubts about the suitability of the cable, it is subjected to special tests.
The technical documentation provided by the Acceptance Commission should include the Executive Drawing of the track, coordinated with the interested organizations (owners of underground communications located near the cable route), acts of external inspection of cables on the drums, acts of hidden work (inspection of the laid cables before filling trenches), as well as Cable test protocols after the cable line facilities.
When inspecting the operating cable line, the Acceptance Commission draws attention to the fact that the places where the cables are possible (transported cargo or from any other reasons), at an altitude of 2 m from the ground level were protected by pipes, boxes, etc.; The cables were securely fixed in the end points, in the places of bends, at the connecting coupling, funnel, etc.; Cables, laid in pipes, tunnels, channels and industrial premises, did not have an outer cover from cable yarn dangerous in the fireplace; On the support surfaces from combustible materials, the cables were laid on the brackets, and with the preservation of the distance between the cables and the support surface of at least 50 mm; The paved cables were equipped with tags on which brands, voltages, cross-section and cable length are indicated. On the tags of the coupling and sealing, in addition, the date and surname of the person who produced work is indicated. Before accepting cables in operation, they conduct tests in accordance with the norms.
The most significant in the maintenance of operated cable lines is thorough monitoring of their tracks and control over the load of cables. During the operation of cable lines, they must regularly conduct their passport. Line passport In addition to the technical specifications of the cables and conditions of their gasket contains information about the results of previous tests, repairs, which helps to establish the correct mode for the lines and to display them in a timely manner.
The cable lines should be kept in cleanliness, near it should not be foreign objects, as they can interfere with the work when eliminating accidents and repair cables laid in the ground, the surface layer of the Earth on the track should not have failures, erosions and other abnormalities that can cause Cable damage.
Reliable and long-term CL work can be provided with compliance with the rule of technical operation of these lines. The maintenance of CL includes revisions, inspections and repair of equipment. Examines are planned and unscheduled (or special). Unplanned inspections are produced under such conditions when there is a threat of damage to lines, as well as their automatic shutdowns. Maintenance is carried out on the basis of promising, annual and monthly work plans. During revisions and inspections, prophylactic measurements are carried out and eliminate small malfunctions. Table 1 shows the frequency of work during maintenance of CL up to 35 square meters.
