The world community cannot put up with such a negative phenomenon as a drug trafficking, so international efforts to combat him were sent from the beginning of the twentieth century. On the eve of the First World War (in 1912), the International Convention on Business Trade Affairs was concluded, and in 1931 it was replaced by a new convention, which limited and regulated the production and distribution on the scale of the planet of medicines containing narcotic substances.
After World War II, the initiative to combat illegal business was assumed by the United Nations. In 1961, the UN Convention on Dramatic Substances was approved. In 1971, the Convention on Psychotropic Means was adopted, which significantly expands the sphere of international control over the list of synthetic drugs. This document ratified more than 140 states. In 1988, the UN Conference was convened in Vienna to combat the illegal turnover of narcotic and psychotropic substances. The conference ended with the unanimous adoption of the text of an international treaty, which is known worldwide as a Vienna Convention. The majority of the planets, including such suppliers of narcotic substances, such as Africa, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran, Myanmar, Bolivia, Colombia, joined this convention.
At the international level, interaction in the fight against illicit drug conversion is carried out within the framework of the UN, its special bodies and institutions, primarily the Economic and Social Council (Ecosor), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Labor Organization (ILO) and some others.
A significant contribution to the formation of an international legal framework for the cooperation of states, the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs and the International Committee for Drug Controls was made to the organization and conduct of international forums and special sessions of the United Nations General Assembly on Narcotic Wrestling.
Conclusion: Today we can talk about the integrity of the existing system of international legal regulation of the turnover of substances, often used in the illegal manufacture of drugs, which is primarily intended to ensure the formation of control measures applied at the national level.
A full-fledged regulatory framework formed, which defines international standards of legitimate and illicit drug trafficking. Many states of the world, concluding bilateral agreements on the cooperation of law enforcement agencies, provide for the first place to cooperate in the field of combating organized crime and drug trafficking. The UN has become a starting point for the development of international cooperation through the dissemination of mandatory control measures to the sources of narcotic raw materials. A huge contribution to the cooperation of non-drug control states made bodies and institutions of the UN.
; By this day, the UN Charter was ratified by the majority of the signatories and entered into force.
United Nations (UN) - International Organization of States, established to maintain and strengthen international peace, security, development of cooperation between countries.
The name of the United Nation proposed by the President of the United States by Franklin Roosevelt was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 states pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the joint struggle against the Nazi block countries.
The first UN contours were contacted at the conference in Washington in the Dumbarton-Oaks mansion. On two series of meetings held from September 21 to October 7, 1944, the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR and China agreed on the purpose, structure and functions of the World Organization.
On February 11, 1945, after meetings in Yalta, US leaders, Great Britain and USSR Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin declared its determination to establish a "universal international organization to maintain peace and security."
On April 25, 1945, representatives of 50 countries gathered in San Francisco (USA) at the United Nations Conference on the establishment of an international organization to develop the UN Charter.
San Francisco gathered delegates of countries representing over 80% of the world's population.
The conference was attended by 850 delegates, and together with their advisers, delegations and the conference secretariat, the total number of persons participating in the conference reached 3500. In addition, there were over 2500 representatives of the press, radio and newsreel, as well as observers from various societies and organizations. The conference in San Francisco was not only one of the most important in history, but, in all likelihood, the most numerous of all international assemblies ever had a place.
On the conference's agenda stood proposals developed by representatives of China, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States in Dumbarton-Oaks, on the basis of which delegates had to work out the charter, acceptable to all states.
On June 25, 1945, the Charter of 111 articles was unanimously adopted. It was signed on June 26, 1945 by representatives of 50 countries. Poland, not presented at the conference, signed it later and became the 51st founder.
In the preamble of the Charter, the determination of the peoples of the United Nations "Establish the upcoming generations from the disasters of war."
In July 2011, the 193th full member of the UN.
The main bodies of the UN.:
UN General Assembly (War UN) - The chief advisory body consists of representatives of all UN member states (each of them has 1 vote).
UN Security Council acts constantly. According to the Charter, it is important responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. The Security Council plays a leading role in determining the presence of a threat to peace or act of aggression. He encourages the parties to resolve it in a peaceful way, and recommends setting methods or settlement conditions. In some cases, the Security Council may resort to sanctions or even authorize the use of force in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.
The Security Council consists of fifteen members of the organization: five permanent members with the right of veto (China, Russia, United Kingdom, USA and France) and 10 non-permanent members who are elected by the General Assembly for a two-year term.
Economic and Social Council of the UN (ECOSOS) - established by the UN Charter as the main body responsible for coordinating the economic, social and other relevant UN activities, as well as specialized agencies and organizations.
international Court - The UN main judicial body, formed in 1945, permits legal disputes between states with their consent and gives advisory opinions on legal issues.
UN Secretariat. Created to ensure proper working conditions of the organization.
The Secretariat is headed by UN General Administrative Office - UN Secretary-General.
Secretary General Appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. The current, eighth, the Secretary-General is Ban Ki-moon, who has begun to fulfill its duties on January 1, 2007.
UN has a number of its own specialized agencies - international intergovernmental organizations on economic, social and humanitarian issues related to the UN through ECOSOS International Agreements: United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agricultural United Nations Organization (FAO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations Industrial Development (UNIDO), etc.
Most United Nations members participating in UN specialized agencies.
The general UN system also includes autonomous organizations, such as World Trade Organization (WTO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Official languages \u200b\u200bof the UN and its organizations are English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French.
UN headquarters is located in New York.
For more than 60 years of history, the United Nations, its specialized agencies and personnel have honored the Nobel Prize of the Peace Ten times. One of the institutions, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, this premium was awarded twice (1954, 1981). The Norwegian Committee on the award of Nobel Prizes twice honored this honor of UN Secretary Secretaries - Dag Hammarsheld (1961) and Kofi Annan (2001). In 2001, the premium "For the contribution to the creation of a more organized world and strengthening peace around the world" was awarded jointly with its Secretary-General.
Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources
India was one of the participants of the United Nations constituent conference in San Francisco in October 1945. But even earlier, on May 5, 1945, in the same place, in San Francisco, the head of the Indian delegation Ramaswami Mudalyar announced the claims of India to the place in the Council UN Security. He said that India has the right to take into account the size of its territory, the population, economic and industrial potential, as well as its contribution to the victory of the Allied Forces in World War II. However, these claims of India were rejected, first of all, because it was not an independent state.
Soon after the formation of a temporary government in 1946, Vice-king Wavell and Gandhi agreed to send a representative Indian delegation led by Vijaye Lakshmi Pandit to participate in the First General Assembly of the UN. Gandhi expressed the wish to ensure that it is included in the UN Protest Agenda against Indian Discrimination in South Africa. "Gandhi imagined UN," Pandit writes, "as a place where friendship between nations has strengthened, where the discussions and debates were held at the highest level and where the truth and morality triumphed." However, she did not hide his disappointment by the fact that the UN efforts were not aimed at protecting the majority of the population on earth suffering from hunger and deprivation. The functioning of the UN, including huge costs of "countless techniques, cocktails", etc., caused numerous questions from representatives of developing countries. As noted by Pandit, "it was impossible not to think about what this money could be spent on the best goals, if that idealism would be preserved, which led to the birth of the UN."
In the mid-1950s, the question of the permanent membership of India in Sat was delivered by the UN Secretary General Truggle. At the same time, an idea of \u200b\u200badopting as a permanent member of the Security Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC) appeared. Western countries opposed such a proposal. At that time, Nehru actually refused the Union with Western powers and began to actively develop relations with China and the Soviet Union. In addition, he was disappointed with the UN's position on the Kashmir issue. All this led to the fact that the PRC received a permanent member in the Security Council, while India remained outside the UN Security Council. In 1963, amendments to the UN Charter were adopted, in accordance with which the expansion of the Sat composition was increased due to non-permanent members.
For more than 60 years, India took an active part in the UN activities, including in the peacekeeping operations in Korea, Congo, in the Gaza Strip (Palestine), Egypt, New Guinea (Western Irian), in Cyprus, in the former Yugoslavia, Mozambique, Somalia and other countries.
Like many other countries, India laid high hopes for the UN as a collective body, whose main task should be to prevent clashes and wars and strengthening the world. Especially since the UN was created immediately after the end of the Bloody World War II. As later, the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi said regret, the year of the UN Creation was also the year when nuclear weapons were used for the first time.
India's enthusiasm against the UN gradually began to replace doubts about its effectiveness as a tool of the world. In September 1963, Javaharlal Nehru said in the Indian Parliament in connection with the war in Vietnam, which on the most important issues, such as disarmament, was created that they could hardly be resolved by the UN General Assembly. Real progress is achieved by large countries, namely the United States and the USSR. In the same 1963, again speaking in parliament, Nehru said: "... The current UN structure is not properly the United Nation. It reflects the situation that has developed after World War II. It is necessary to do something in order to bring the UN in line with the conditions formed in the current world. This requires a change in the UN Charter. " He criticized the address of the UN, in particular, on the right of the permanent members of the Security Council on the veto. "Nevertheless," said Nehru, the UN existence itself is a huge contribution to the world around the world ... and it is difficult to imagine the world without the UN. "
Later, the UN criticism from India became more specific. Speaking in October 1970 at the General Assembly of the United Nations on the 25th anniversary of its foundation, I. Gandhi paid tribute to the UN efforts in the struggle for peace and prevent a number of conflicts. At the same time, she set the question of the need to make changes to the organizational structure and the UN procedure, the development of new programs that meet the tasks of the day. I. Gandhi noted that after a quarter of a century, there was no refusal of a system of one-sided actions and exclusive alliances. The spheres of influence and balance of power in international relations continue to remain an important part of the policies of many states. The right of peoples to choose from the form of their reign is recognized only in words. Strong states still seek to expand their sphere of their influence. Their military efforts in new regions inevitably lead to counteracting from other powers. The result of such policies are "limited wars", including in the Middle East and Vietnam. The UN could not prevent these wars or resolve these conflicts. Nevertheless, the UN should be preserved, inhaling a new meaning and new goals in it to create an order at which the use of force will lead to the defeat of those who apply it. "Countries such as India recently gained freedom, I. Gandhi said," the UN and its activities attach great importance to the UN and the UN should ensure that the Earth's resources are not used to exalted individual nations, but for the well-being of a single family of humanity. "
The depth changes in sixty years since the founding of the UN was not accompanied by appropriate changes in its structure, taking into account the interests of developing countries. During this period, the number of UN members has increased more than three times. A number of developing countries, including India, have achieved a very high level of economic development and began to play a prominent role in world politics. They demanded the democratization of the UN and its restructuring. This appeal was again repeated after the end of the Cold War 103 in the non-aligned states at the conference in Accra (Ghana) in September 1991, in their opinion, the established UN structure did not correspond to the real ratio of forces in the world, and the hegemony's adverse concept of the Great Powers was conserved.
In 1993, in connection with the upcoming 50th anniversary of the UN, a group was created to consider issues related to the expansion of membership in the Security Council. However, the permanent members of the Security Council were not ready to divide their privileges with possible new members of the Security Council. In addition, there were contradictions between applicants for a permanent place in Sat. So, Germany and Japan faced the opposition from Italy and South Korea. Pakistan tried to block the desire of India to receive a permanent member of the Security Council.
In 1994, India publicly declared its claims for permanent membership in the UN Security Council and since then repeatedly repeated its requirements on this. It proceeded from the fact that developing countries are extremely unsatisfactory presented in the Security Council, especially among its permanent members. Of these, Russia, France and the United Kingdom expressed their support for India in her desire to become a permanent member of the Sat. The United States was limited to a statement that India is "very serious and strong applicant" for permanent membership in Sat. China, in turn, stated that it does not object to the provision of India such membership, supporting the idea of \u200b\u200breform and expanding the Security Council in wider plan so that its composition reflects the changed realities in the world.
The conference of foreign ministers of countries in the movement of non-aligned, which took place in Delhi in April 1997, expressed concern about the provision of the situation in the UN that this organization did not take into account the realities arising after the completion of the Cold War did not meet the interests of most of its members. In acute form, she set the question of reforming the United Nations.
Representatives of India and other countries believed that the UN lost the moral right to submit all of humanity, since almost all developing countries remained beyond the framework of the decision maker, that is, the Security Council. In addition, most countries subjected to the right of five great powers to actually manage the whole world.
The domination of the great powers, believed some Indian scientists and politicians, went rooted in the history of the last 350 years. And although the number and list of these powers changed as changes in the world, they continued to remain a force with special rights in the international community, despite the attempts of weaker and small states to put an end to such a procedure for things. This hegemonicism has received its design in constant membership in the UN Security Council of five states, despite the UN Prostrate Principle of Sovereign Equality of All its members. During the creation of the UN in 1945, this is a contradiction (sovereign equality of all states and the privileged position of the permanent members of the UN Security Council), received its permission (although not without protests from 45 "small members" of the UN) on the basis that the additional power of the Great Power and their responsibility in front of the world are inseparable. However, over the past decades, the great powers did not fulfill many of their obligations. On the contrary, they participated in wars and conflicts: the United States - in Latin America, Vietnam, other regions, the former USSR - in Eastern Europe, Afghanistan, other "hot spots". United Kingdom, France and China also have been responsible for such actions.
When creating the UN, the choice of permanent members of the Security Council reflected the current ratio after the end of World War II. Sat was considered as a guarantor of the world. However, disagreements and rivalry between the permanent members of the UN Security Council were very soon discovered. In this regard, critical or dirty situations have repeatedly arise. Therefore, developing countries have repeatedly advocated the requirements of creating a more representative Sat.
In 1992, the UN Secretary-General put forward a proposal to include in the composition of Sat Additionally, five permanent members: India, Brazil, Nigeria, Germany and Japan. The first three is based on the geographical principle and the number of their population, as well as their enormous potential. The last two - taking into account their economic power. It was meant that a widely representative Sat should play a role in the collective struggle against poverty, hunger, economic inequality and technological retardation. The question did not get my decision.
After the end of the Cold War of the UN, and especially the Security Council, noticeably activated their activities. This was confirmed by such facts: in 45 years since the creation of the UN, to the crisis in the Persian Gulf in 1991, Sat received 659 resolutions, over the next five years - 350 resolutions. But the main thing was not in the number of resolutions, but in changing the nature of the Sat activity, and not towards its democratization. Many of the 183 UN members felt their alienation from the Security Council, in which, after the end of the Cold War, three Western powers were dominated (Russia was more busy with his internal affairs, and China usually did not show interest in remote areas of the world). Sat, his most rigid critics spoke, became no more than an additional lever of Western foreign policy. The new ratio of forces in the world at the end of the XX century. He led to the fact that the UN Security Council began to be inclined to the broader interpretation of the UN Charter's mandate for the maintenance of international peace and security. According to N. Cauchi, Professor of the Law School at Harvard, "A number of situations that in the past were considered the case of internal jurisdiction of countries, began to qualify as a threat to international peace and stability."
Such changes in the activities of the UN Security Council caused the concerns of many countries, including developing. India, for example, put forward the following requirements in this regard: First, the UN Security Council should not encroach on the national sovereignty of states under the pretext of the struggle for human rights; Secondly, the SB solutions should reflect the Consensus of the UN General Assembly; Thirdly, the Sat must be fully accountable to the General Assembly. Other developing countries appeared in the same spirit.
At one time, the creators of the UN Charter were concerned primarily by the problems associated with wars between countries, and not conflicts within individual states. The situation that pretended on the planet in the 1990s and at the beginning of the XXI century, when the number of internal conflicts has significantly increased, demanded new approaches to the problem of preserving peace and security, developing such mechanisms that would attach the complete legitimacy of the UN actions. Otherwise, the emergence of disagreements between UN members on the most important issues of international security was inevitable. All this could throw the shadow of doubt on the legitimacy of some Sat decisions.
So, during the debate on the resolution on repression against the civilian population in Iraq in the 1990s, many UN members expressed in the spirit that this resolution goes beyond the mandate of Sat. The representative of India, in particular, stated that the right of the Security Council to deal with this issue only in the event that there are conditions representing an explicit threat to international peace and security. Nevertheless, said resolution was adopted, since the overall mood in the world was inclined in favor of punishing Iraq for aggression against Kuwait. However, the issue of legitimacy of SB solutions has not been removed from the agenda.
This problem is intertwined with other issues, no less important for UN activities, namely, with its performances as a collective body to ensure peace and security, which independently and independently makes decisions on the basis of which appropriate measures are then being taken. The episode with the war in the Persian Gulf in 1991, quite clearly demonstrated that there were a lot of questions for thinking about the role of the UN. As Kissinger, "USA, without waiting for an international consensus, unilaterally sent a large expeditionary group [in the Persian Bay in 1991]. Other countries were able to influence the actions of America, only joining what was essentially an American enterprise, since they could not avoid conflict in the event of the use of the veto. In addition, internal problems in the Soviet Union and China pushed the permanent members of the Security Council to support the actions of the United States. In the war in the Persian Gulf, collective security was in demand for justifying the US leadership, and not as the replacement of this leadership. "
Some Indian political scientists very critically considered the role of the UN during the war in the Persian Gulf. Thus, Anil Naguri believed that the United Nations had significantly undermined his authority after it. Representatives of developing countries, including India, criticized the role of the UN and in the former Yugoslavia, where a number of actions in 1992 and the next years were taken by Western powers, and then the UN is already approved. In this case, Russia and China did not use the right of veto, which was mainly due to their reluctance and inability in the then geopolitical environment to resist the West.
India, like many other developing countries, offered to make a more "transparent" work of the Security Council and strengthen the role of non-members of the Sat, which would contribute to wider participation in developing and making decisions. One of the important problems facing the UN, in the opinion of India, was the reform of its Security Council. The current structure is the five permanent members of the SB with the right of veto and 10 non-permanent members - is an anachronism. However, the requirements of developing countries, including India, did not meet the support of the Western powers. In 1995, the Indian parliamentary delegation discussed the problem of incorporating India among the permanent members of the Security Council with UN Secretary General Bouchros B. Gali. In this regard, it was reported that there is no consensus on this issue. In the fall of 1996, India was unable to recruit the necessary number of votes for election as a non-permanent member of the Sat from Asia. This place for a period of two years then got Japan.
In the question of expanding the Security Council, India and many developing countries were guided by two principal considerations: geographically equal distribution of places in the Sat and sovereign equality of states. There were many different options for reforming the UN Security Council. All this testified that the reform of the Security Council was really abandoned, but the consensus of UN members on this issue was not and achieving it was not easy.
India persistently demonstrated its commitment to the principles and goals declared in the UN Charter, as well as the tasks of creating a multipolar world. Its representatives participated in the discussion of topical issues at the meetings of the UN General Assembly and the Security Council. Including such important problems as a situation in Africa, Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzogi, Iraq and Kuwait, in discussing such as international peace and security, terrorism, the situation of women and children and others.
On the eve of the war in Iraq in March 2003, India stated that the issue of war should be resolved only by the UN, and not unilaterally any country. War avoid. She advocated the peaceful decision of the Iraqi problem with the UN collective efforts, urged not to carry out security forces without the consent of the world community, to resolve the situation in Iraq strictly within the framework of the UN, taking into account the legitimate interests of the Iraqi people, while respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of this country.
According to the position in Afghanistan after the beginning in 2001, the military operation of the Coalition, headed by the United States, together with other UN members expressed concern about the problems of security, restoring Afghanistan, production and illegal drug trafficking, refugee arrangement.
The object of concern to India on the UN discusses was also the situation in the Middle East. At the meetings of the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council, she called for measures to improve the social and economic situation of the Palestinian people, insisted on a peaceful resolution of the conflict based on UN resolutions.
India acted as one of the main peacekeeping forces of the UN. Until 2004, she participated in the 39 UN peacekeeping operations, contributed during the debate on the strengthening of the role of UN peacekeepers and the civilian police, in the development of a new cooperation mechanism between the UN Security Council, the UN Secretariat and countries who guided peacekeepers.
India persistently emphasized the need to reorganize the entire UN system, especially its security council, using various forms for this, and not just the UN itself. Thus, at a meeting of non-aligned movements in 2006, India has expressed in favor of the restructuring of the UN Security Council. It was envisaged that the Security Council veto could be overcome by two thirds of the countries included in the UN General Assembly.
UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who participated in this meeting, supported the call for the UN reform in the interests of the developing world and the UN itself. Otherwise, the UN risks losing credibility, legality, neutrality and independence. He believed that it was necessary to introduce new permanent or long-term members to the Sat. The current representation in this body, said Annan, reflects the realities of 1945 in the present earlier, even before this meeting of the heads of the Non-Alignment Movement, India, Brazil, Germany and Japan have formed a so-called group of four in order to achieve permanent membership in the Security Council. At a bilateral meeting of the leaders of India and Brazil in September 2006, they emphasized the priority of UN reform, so that it meets the realities of today. Both leaders stated that they would closely interact within the framework of the group of four in order to achieve permanent membership in the UN Security Council. The struggle on the issue of expanding the number of permanent members of the UN Security Council acquired a protracted character in which the positions of permanent members of the Sat were quite careful. Perhaps the United States was occupied by the United States, who declared support for Japan as a possible permanent member of Sat. Disagreements on the UN reform and its Security Council in indirect form were reflected in the struggle for the post of Secretary General of the UN, instead of retired in December 2006, Kofi Annan. The candidate for this post, India nominated Shahi Tharura, one of the deputy secretary general. The main rivalry turned between him and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Korea Ban Ki-moon, in support of which the United States and China were expressed. There were another five other candidates - from Sri Lanka, Thailand, Jordan, Afghanistan and Latvia. The candidate from Sri Lanka removed his candidacy, and the government of this country supported the South Korean diplomat. As a result of three rating votes in the Security Council, preference was given to Ban Ki-moon, who was supported by all five members of the Sat. The United States expressed deep satisfaction with the results of the voting. After the election of the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-Moon said that its priorities would be reforming and Finance of the UN. These requirements also advanced to the administration of President Bush.
We talked to the UN permanent coordinator in Tajikistan Alexander Zuev about how this country could make to achieve the SDG.
Artem Paschenko began a conversation with the question of what kind of sustainable development goals (SDGs) are relevant for Tajikistan today.
Az: I must say that, in principle, all the Cures are important and relevant for the prospects for the socio-economic development of the country.
Nevertheless, if you allocate, then, of course, the target 1 associated with the fight against poverty is very important. Tajikistan, despite the positive economic dynamics of recent years, especially in the period after the end of the Civil War, still remains the country where the poverty level is quite high. It decreased significantly in accordance with the MDGs, and this goal was performed - over the past 10 years from 82 percent to 34 percent, the level of poverty has decreased. But still, it is very high.
The goal 3 is very important, because if we talk about the MDGs, then, unfortunately, not all of them were fulfilled in Tajikistan. In many of them, great progress achieved, but, according to such a goal, which is formulated in the SDG, as purpose 3, associated with the task of reducing maternal mortality - it was not fulfilled and remains an important priority.
Objective 5 - the development of gender equality is also important, it, unfortunately, is also one of the few areas where the country failed to perform the MDGs, in contrast to the decline in poverty and reduce the level of children's and infant mortality, where Tajikistan has achieved success. In the field of gender equality, especially the participation of women in political life, the decision-making process at all levels, the problem remains.
The target 6 associated with the rational use of water resources, the goal 7 associated with access to modern power supply is most extremely important. Unfortunately, over the past 5-6 years, the situation remains very difficult - in the winter, especially in rural areas, most of the population has access to electricity only 2-3 hours a day. This, of course, is completely unsatisfactory and therefore this task is formulated at the state level, both the National Development Priority and the SCUR will reinforce it.
I think it is very important to emphasize the value of the goal of 11 to make settlements more secure, vitality and resilient. This is due to the fact that Tajikistan is very susceptible to a significant number of various natural disasters, it is an earthquake, given that this is a seismic zone, a mountainous country, village streams (only this summer has occurred four large incidents with the destruction of a large number of houses and, unfortunately, with human victims .
In winter, there are very large snowy avalanches that go to settlements, roads, and in the summer there are very intense droughts in certain areas, and where there are high-mountain rivers, there, often because of the melting of glaciers, floods arise, which also cause great damage country.
In this regard, the goal 13 associated with climate change is also very relevant. The glaciers of Tajikistan are a source of increased danger due to the fact that their melting is intensified with climate change, which threatens with the gathering of the villages and avalante. There, no doubt, the fact that over the past 20-30 years, the country has lost almost a third of its natural eternal glaciers, which feed the main rivers of Central Asia. All this is a matter of concern.
And of course, issues formulated in the settlement of a society that would provide legal assistance, access to justice, the independence of justice and guaranteeing human rights - remain a very large priority for the UN in Tajikistan, for donors, and, of course, for the government, With which we cooperate in this area are very active.
AP: How will the achievement of the SCUR help in converting socio-economic life in the country?
Az: A very good coincidence happened. The fact is that the SCB is planned from 2016 to 2030. For the same period, it is formulated (this process ends now) National Development Strategy.
It should be noted that Tajikistan is very committed to cooperation with the UN, it supports international goals as previous and future. Therefore, we are very closely working with the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, with the Government as a whole, to ensure that the main benchmarks, tasks, indicators that are reflected in the SDG, have been adapted and included as the main landmarks in the country's development.
As I said, this is a successful coincidence that the cycle of both strategies - global and national - coincide.
We analyzed how the MDGs were performed, and in the national strategy directly indicated their priority for Tajikistan, and with satisfaction we can state that most MDGs were fulfilled in the country. But some areas remained in which the continuity of the SCUR will be very important. Of course, in this direction, both to us, and the government, and the people of Tajikistan will have to cooperate a lot.
AP: What contribution to Tajikistan can make the global goals of sustainable development?
Az: I think that the best and efficient contribution is the implementation of the SDG at the national level and further socio-economic progress for the people and the country, the improvement of the quality of economic growth, the solution of social problems, preventing forced migration, which is a very large social problem for Tajikistan.
But there is another big contribution that Tajikistan does not just make, but already contributes. He earned him before, when we worked on the MDGs and will now enter.
On September 27, a special high-level event in the "fields" of the UN Summit on Sustainable Development will be held on September 27 in New York, chaired by the President of Tajikistan and Prime Minister of Thailand. It will be devoted to the development of water cooperation, water management issues, transboundary water flows and many other aspects related to water. Tajikistan here is a recognized leader in the world.
In June, in Dushanbe, together with the UN Secretary-General held a large high-level conference. It was attended by many heads of states, ministers, UNDP administrators Helen Clark, Executive Secretary ESCAP and UNECE, several heads of governments of neighboring countries - Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, and others.
Tajikistan, indeed, will support target 6, as he traditionally supported all aspects of water cooperation, performed with large initiatives, draft resolutions of the General Assembly on these issues. We are confident that he will continue to do this and this will be assessed by the UN, Member States, but, the main thing, by all partners of the country as part of the organization of effective use of water and transboundary water cooperation.
The state policy of opposition to drugs was fulfilled: the teacher of the Obzh MOU "SOSH5 IM.V.Homyakova" Savostin G.P. At the beginning of the XX century. Drug addiction covered by their deepening influence most peoples of the world. Its scope surpassed all the concerns of the doctors and the public who had solved the power of the impending danger.
Historical facts The world community, frightened by the rapid, proliferation of drugs on the planet, began the active struggle for the use of drug use exclusively for medical purposes as an anesthesia. The world community, frightened by the rapid, proliferation of drugs on the planet, the beginning of the active struggle for the use of drug use exclusively for medical purposes as an anesthesia. The beginning of this struggle consider the Shanghai Opium Commission (1909). This commission attempted to develop measures that prevent the illegal penetration of drugs from the Asian regions to Europe and the United States. The beginning of this struggle consider the Shanghai Opium Commission (1909). This commission attempted to develop measures that prevent the illegal penetration of drugs from the Asian regions to Europe and the United States. In December 1911, an international conference on opium took place in Hague. In the course of the conference, the first drug convention was prepared and adopted. For the first time, the types of drugs were determined, the use of which was raised under international control. In December 1911, an international conference on opium took place in Hague. In the course of the conference, the first drug convention was prepared and adopted. For the first time, the types of drugs were determined, the use of which was raised under international control.
Since 1946, drug control (their production, dissemination and consumption) has passed under the UN Agidus. Since 1946, drug control (their production, dissemination and consumption) has passed under the UN Agidus. In 1961, the UN International Conference was held in New York, on which the United Convention on Narcotic Drugs was adopted and the UN Drug Control Committee was established, endowed with broad organizationally controlling and analytical functions. In 1961, the UN International Conference was held in New York, on which the United Convention on Narcotic Drugs was adopted and the UN Drug Control Committee was established, endowed with broad organizationally controlling and analytical functions. The 20th session of the UN General Assembly, which took place on June 810, 1998, 15 presidents and a number of prime ministers of various countries were attended by issues of combating drugs. The 20th session of the UN General Assembly, which took place on June 810, 1998, 15 presidents and a number of prime ministers of various countries were attended by issues of combating drugs.
Addiction to the disease of the young. She knocks out the normal life of the most capable. Statistics Statistics The average age of admission to drugs is currently 13 years. More than 8 thousand minors are registered as drug users. The number of adolescents that first applied for medical help, only in 2005 amounted to 750 people. The average age of recruitment to drugs is currently 13 years. More than 8 thousand minors are registered as drug users. The number of adolescents that first applied for medical help, only in 2005 amounted to 750 people. A particularly anxious position with an increase in drug addiction among schoolchildren and in a student environment, which in recent years has been 68 times. A particularly anxious position with an increase in drug addiction among schoolchildren and in a student environment, which in recent years has been 68 times. According to experts of the Russian club "Ecology of Public Consciousness", at present, drug addiction seized at least 15 to 30% of schoolchildren. According to experts of the Russian club "Ecology of Public Consciousness", at present, drug addiction seized at least 15 to 30% of schoolchildren.
In 1993, the country for the first time adopted the concept of public policy control in the Russian Federation, in which an estimate of drugs in Russia was given: "Abuse of narcotic drugs and their illegal turnover acquired a global scale in the last decade and the global scale and most seriously affect the social and characteristic The atmosphere in society, adversely affect the economy, policies and law and order. " In 1993, the country for the first time adopted the concept of public policy control in the Russian Federation, in which an estimate of drugs in Russia was given: "Abuse of narcotic drugs and their illegal turnover acquired a global scale in the last decade and the global scale and most seriously affect the social and characteristic The atmosphere in society, adversely affect the economy, policies and law and order. " In June 1995, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Federal Target Program "Comprehensive Measures to Counter Drug Abuse and their Illicit Turnover for years." In June 1995, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Federal Target Program "Comprehensive Measures to Counter Drug Abuse and their Illicit Turnover for years." In 1997, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted the law "On narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances". This law entered into force in early 1998. In 1997, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted the law "On narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances". This law entered into force in early 1998 on September 17, 1998. The President of the Russian Federation signed a decree "On measures to strengthen countering drug trafficking, psychotropic substances and abuse". On September 17, 1998, the President of the Russian Federation signed a decree "On measures to strengthen the counteraction of drug trafficking, psychotropic substances and abuse".
It should be noted that no law alone will solve all the problems of addiction. It is so far only a demonstration of the intentions of the state to restore order in the field of legal turnover of drugs and the official proclamation of the course for the most severe opposition to their illicit turnover. It should be noted that no law alone will solve all the problems of addiction. It is so far only a demonstration of the intentions of the state to restore order in the field of legal turnover of drugs and the official proclamation of the course for the most severe opposition to their illicit turnover.
The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for punishments for actions related to narcotic and psychotropic substances. Article 228 defines that illegal manufacturing, acquisition, storage, transfer of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may entail a sentence in the form of imprisonment for up to three years. Article 228 defines that illegal manufacturing, acquisition, storage, transfer of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may entail a sentence in the form of imprisonment for up to three years. Article 229 states that the embezzlement or extortion of drugs or psychotropic substances may entail a punishment in the form of imprisonment for a period of three to seven years. Article 229 states that the embezzlement or extortion of drugs or psychotropic substances may entail a punishment in the form of imprisonment for a period of three to seven years. Article 230 states that declining to the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances can entail a sentence in the form of imprisonment for a period of three to five years. Article 230 states that declining to the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances can entail a sentence in the form of imprisonment for a period of three to five years. Article 231 determines that the illegal cultivation of prohibited to cultivating plants containing narcotic substances may entail a sentence in the form of imprisonment for up to two years. Article 231 determines that the illegal cultivation of prohibited to cultivating plants containing narcotic substances may entail a sentence in the form of imprisonment for up to two years. Article 232 states that the organization or the content of the adhesives for the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may entail a sentence in the form of imprisonment for up to four years. Article 232 states that the organization or the content of the adhesives for the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may entail a sentence in the form of imprisonment for up to four years. Article 233 states that illegal issuance or a fake recipes or other documents giving the right to receive narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances is punishable in the form of imprisonment for up to two years. Article 233 states that illegal issuance or a fake recipes or other documents giving the right to receive narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances is punishable in the form of imprisonment for up to two years.
Remember! Drug dealers need only money, and they are absolutely not interested in your health and tragic consequences from drug use. Do not get into the deadly trap, do not believe anyone who claims that from drug dependence, if desired, you can cure. It's a lie! Never try to try. Life is more expensive than any drug experiments. Do not get into the deadly trap, do not believe anyone who claims that from drug dependence, if desired, you can cure. It's a lie! Never try to try. Life is more expensive than any drug experiments.
Questions 1. When did the world community appreciated the danger of distribution of drug addiction among the population of the planet Earth? 2. What contribution did the UN contribute to the fight against drug addiction? 3. What measures were taken in Russia in recent years to combat drug addiction? 4. What punishment for declining to the consumption of narcotic and psychotropic substances is provided in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation? 5. Due to what, first of all, drug dealers organize a successful marketing of their goods?
