The main cause of drowning is the closure of the respiratory tract with liquid, often water. If you can give the right first help, a person can be saved, so now we will tell you how to save weak on the water.
Contents of the article on the salvation of drowning on the water
According to statistics, when assumed a minute after drowning, it is possible to save about 90% of people. After 6-7 minutes, it is possible to save close 1-3%. Most often, a person is immersed due to ignoring them the rule of safety of finding water, fatigue, long effect of cold water, injury during diving, with alcohol intoxication and other situations. Also, the threat of drowning occurs at.
First aid in the salvation of drowning on the water
Seeing the drowning, you need to run up faster to the nearest shore. If the sinking is on the surface of the water, you must calm it. If it did not help, swim to the drowning rear, capture and pull it to the shore. If in a state of stress drowning convulsively hugged you, try to immerse yourself with it into the water. At that moment, he will probably let go of the rescuer to stay on the surface. This is a subconscious effect.
If you saw that the sinking is immersed on the bottom, dive and swim along the bottom. If under water is good visibility, swim with open eyes, in this case, your rescue action will be faster. If you approached a drowning, take it by the hair, hand or under the mouse and come to the surface with it. To do this, with all our strength, push out from the bottom and intensely walk with your legs and free hand to guide to the shore and.
The main ways to transport the victim to the shore:
- take your palms the head of the victim for the chin from behind on both sides, having a walk to the shore;
- his left hand impose on the mouse of his left hand and, capturing the wrist of the right hand of the drowning, haul to the shore (you will have one hand and legs);
- take one hand of immersing the hair, put your head on your forearm and move to the shore, holding his head over the water.
Help rendered on the shore
If possible, in any case, help a person help, whether accident on water, natural disaster or person simply did not adhere to the rules of security.
Affected by consciousness
When you wake up to the shore, reserve the first help by the victim, first determining its condition. If he is conscious, there is a pulse and breathing, to assist you must put it on a dry rigid surface, lowered the head low. Remove with the victim wet clothes, sneak it with hands or dry towel. If possible, let's drink something hot (for this not only tea and coffee, but also a little alcohol), look into the warm blanket and let a little rest.
Victim unconscious, but the pulse and breathing are preserved
In this case, throw off his head and put forward the lower jaw. The head should be lowered low. You need to release its oral ola, trina and vomit. Obtain saved and weather.
Victim unconscious, no breathing, but there is a pulse
If a person does not breathe, but the pulse is saved (the heart beats), then the victim need to make artificial respiration, after having previously released the respiratory tract.
There is neither breathing nor a pulse
If the victim does not breathe and persuade the pulse, make artificial respiration and heart massage.
Transportation of the imminent medical institution
After recovering cardiac activity, you need to transport the victim to the nearest medical institution. To transport the victim, put it on the stretcher on the side and lower the headrest. It is important to quickly hospitalize a person, since there is a danger of the development of secondary drowning, during which acute respiratory failure arises, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, excitement, sensation of air shortness, expectoration of blood, pulse. Within 15-72 hours after salvation threatens the danger of the development of edema of the lungs.
To support a person on the water, various rescue means are used: circles, bibs, vests, boobs (Fig. 14).
Fig. 14 Rescues
To assist from the shore (boat, boats), rescue circles, end of Alexandrova and rescue balls are used as thickness.
To feed the rescue circle, you need to take a rescue circle with one hand, take the second hand to the leater, make a 2-3 round-up swing stretched at the shoulder level and throw it plastle in the side of the drowning so that it fell to the left or right from it at a distance of no more than 0 , 5-2m (Fig.15)
Fig. 15 Rescue Circle
When submitting a circle from the boat, a head or a participant of the tourist event (hereinafter - the rescuer) should become so that the average bank is between the legs, and throw a circle towards the stern or the boat's nose to the victim.
It is not recommended to throw the circle right on the immersion, as he can hit the victim over his head or fly through it. Sometimes an end to the rescue circle is attached to the end of Alexandrov, with which the victim is tightened to the shore or to the boat.
To serve the end of Alexandrova, you need a small loop of the end of Alexandrova to wear on the wrist of the left hand, in it they also hold most of the turns. Taking the right hand 3-4 turns with a big loop, make a few wide scope and throw a cord to a thinning with the calculation so that he can grasp the float or cord. The victim should put on a loop through his head under his arms and keep hands for floats. After that, the rescuer is careful, without jerks pulls the victim of the victim to the shore, the boat. The end of Alexandrov can be thrown up to 25 m (Fig.16).
Fig. 16 Feed the end of Alexandrova
For feeding the rescue balls, it is necessary to take rescue balls with one hand, the other is the cable that fasten them. Make 2-3 circular scope and on an elongated hand throw them towards the victim so that they fell on the left or right of it (Fig. 17).
Fig. 17. Feeding rescue balls
Since most rescue operations are carried out from the boat, then for successful actions it is necessary to begin and maneuver. When approaching the trolling, it is followed not to hit it with a paddle or boat housing. If before the shore, the victim does not necessarily be drawn into the boat, it can be towed, if it allows his condition, holding a rope or tied to the bench. If the victim is not able to hold on to independently, they stick into the boat through the body of the rescuer, to the stern and the twisted leg into the water. Such a technique protects the damaged to the skin of the skin on the uneven edges of the boat (Fig. 18).
Listed rescue tools are mainly used directly at the location of the tent camps.
Fig. 18 Riding the boat rescued
Terms of use of a rescue bib
Bibs are used to assist people who endure disaster on the water. The breastplate must fit tightly under the mouse. If the bib will go correctly, then the head of a person who produced in water, even with the loss of consciousness will be above the water. The loop of the rescue breastplate must be put on his head on the neck, then wrap it around the body, straps to cross the back and tie a reef node on the chest (Fig. 19).
Fig. 19. The use of bib
When swimming in the breastplate, the body should be slightly tilted forward.
Self -appling techniques
"With fire, do not joke, and do not believe water," the people's proverb says so. She warns the danger of water element that lies not only who do not only know how to swim, but also quite experienced swimmers, including those who strictly observed the rules for swimming and swimming. The cause of death in such cases is most often the ignorance of all the dangers of water element, as well as self-absorption techniques. So that this does not happen, the pedagogical composition of the tent camp, the head of the tourist group, must be brought to all vacationers about those hazards that lie in water, as well as on self-absorption.
By bringing these information to young tourists can wear a wide varied character in shape. It may be a conversation on the beach, by the fire, before entering the training campaign, in the process of practical exercises to help imandon.
The conversation text below is not exhaustive, as new methods are being developed, not only rescue, but also self-absorption designed for people of different ages, physical training that can swim well or only stay on the water.
For cramps. Involuntary and sometimes very painful contraction of the muscles during bathing or swimming comes from fatigue and supercooling, since even warm water is always below the body temperature. In most cases, convulsions cover the calf muscles, less often - the muscles of the foot of the foot, hips, abdomen and hands. With convulsions, bathing partially, and sometimes it is completely deprived of the opportunity to continue swimming movements with legs. If he is at this time due to any reasons, it is quite far from the shore or plaquinity (boats, kayaks, flesh), then he is threatened with a serious danger. Since muscle fatigue occurred from long and monotonous movements, it is necessary, first of all, change the way of swimming. Then try to stretch the consisulous muscle. To do this, delaying the breath, you should tighten your knees to the chest and, clasping the fingers of the foot, pull it up to the lower leg, thus traight the ion-colored muscle (Fig. 20).
Fig. 20. Elimination of the calf muscle convulsions
For muscle crampsthe front surface of the hip leg bended to the knee to the abandon, pulling it up with her hand over the foot. With the convulsions of the muscles of the back of the thigh leg, on the contrary, they are instilled in the knee joint. The cramps of the abdominal muscles are eliminated by pulling the knees to the stomach, and the convulsions of the muscles of the foot of the foot - flexion and extension of the foot. Hand cramps - squeezing into a fist and squeezing fingers, bending and flexing hands in the elbow joints. But it must be remembered that the cramps can reach the muscles again, therefore, by eliminating them, it is necessary to sail to the shore, trying to make smooth leisure movements
Other options are possible. With the cramps of the legs, lie on the back and work with one hands, try to lose a slightly confused and obscure the muscles reduced by the cramp. If the cramps reduced the calf muscles, pull out the leg and pull the fingers of the stop to themselves. With the convulsions of the thigh muscles, bend the leg in the knee of the hand and press the heel to the buttock.
If the muscles of the hands are reduced, It is better to sail on the back or on the chest, working with one legs, hands raise, continuously squeezing and sprinkling the fists. In convulsions of the abdominal muscles, you should lie on the back and pull the knees to the stomach. When the convulsions embraced the liking muscles or muscles of the hands and when it seems that the pain was sharpened by the whole body and sailing there is no possibility, it should, and this is the main thing, mobilize all your will and defeat the emergence. We will not be able to defeat fear, no effort will help you. It is appropriate to remember the words of the French doctor Alain Bombara, who alone on a small rubber boat without food and water for 65 days and nights was alone with the ocean: "Victims of legendary shipwrecks, who died prematurely, I know: not the sea killed you, you did not kill you Hunger, you did not kill the thirst. Swing on the waves under the wound cries of the chum, you died of fear. "
In the waterways. The waterways are formed in places of strong flow among the bends of the river, over the irregularities of the bottom, large stones, while reflecting the streams of flow from various obstacles, during the flooding of the vessel as a result of the catastrophe. Sometimes the rotational movement of water can be so strong that even a good swimmer is unable to overcome it. Therefore, hitting the whirlpool, first of all try to take a horizontal position (this reduces the tightening effect of the waterproof) and in this position overcome a dangerous place. If you were tightened into the whirlpool, then take a deep breath, dangle deep into (there is less speed there) and for the flow, heavily rushing, swim from the waterproof zone.
Danger of long breathing delay.Quite often you can observe the picture when children or adolescents, coming among themselves, inhaling the air, immersed with heads into the water. It is interesting for them, which of them will squint longer under water. Adults, considering it a harmless occupation, do not pay attention to them, especially since this competition occurs in a small place, where it can almost impossible. Some of the competing in 10-15 seconds raise their heads above the surface of the water, inhale a new air portion and again sink into the water, grief desire to defeat their rivals. And suddenly a cry: "Valera drowned!". Usipers adults get a lifeless body of a boy from the water. Artificial breathing from mouth in the mouth - and the boy came to life. The assistance arrived on time - the oxygen starvation of the brain has not yet led to irreversible consequences. It should be remembered: the diving is very dangerous. With a long retention of breathing and active simultaneous motor activity, oxygen starvation occurs, to which the brain fabric is extremely sensitive. Sometimes not even a very long respiratory delay can lead to loss of consciousness. At the same time, the diving does not feel the onset of this critical state and, without feeding the distress signals, can drown. Self-absorption measures for such cases, unfortunately, no, so all diving lovers need to be told about the existing mortal danger.
Cold shock. If you feel chill and trembling when entering the water, it suggests that at the moment the body is not ready for that temperature of the water in which you are going to swim. When similar phenomena occurs when bathing, it means that the heat loss in the body is too large and it is necessary to get out of the water. Being on land and feeling chills or trembling, you can quickly warm up due to an increase in physical activity: various exercise, running, jumping, etc. Being in the water, in this way you can not warm up. Swimming with increased speed leads to even greater cooling and increasing heat loss. Therefore, it is much more useful to turn over the back and briefly go to the drift. This method sometimes helps to reduce the feeling of the cold. Analysis of accidents indicates that many people who are in cold water die from the cold. At the same time, in many cases the cause of death is not cold, but fear, the passivity of a person, the lack of will to survive. There are many examples when confidence in salvation, the confidence that help will be provided when the fear of the volitional effort was suppressed and the person fought for his life with all their mights, cited ultimately to the positive result, i.e. Conservation of life, although people were in more complex situations.
It is about these factors that it is necessary to tell participants in water hikes, tourists who, resting with their parents or other relatives, renting a boat for riding, may be in an extreme situation not only in connection with the violation of the existing rules of behavior on water, but also by virtue of unpredictable natural disabilities phenomena (tornado, hurricane, squall, etc.).
Rescue drowning
Assistance to the drowning is the manifestation of courage, courage and nobility of the human soul, the debt of the conscience of each person.
In order for an attempt to save the ending disaster to be successful, it is necessary to know the techniques of salvation, especially the leaders and participants of those tourist events that are conducted on water or near. It is possible that as a result of a sudden weather change and any other emergencies, an emergency will emerge, requiring assistance to tourists in water. The skills of assisting a disaster in water are needed not only to provide timely and qualified assistance, but also in order for the rescue to be in the role of a breathtaking rescue as a result of the capture, because it is immersed, as is known, enough for the straw.
One of the tested types of assistance to a disaster on the water is the salvation climb (Fig. 21).
Fig. 21. Salvation of a confusing disaster
It can be carried out in various ways. In each case, the rescuer must correctly assess the current situation and in accordance with it determine its actions. So, it is always taken into account that even a great swimmer moves along the water more slowly than running on land. For example, if the drowning is from the shore at 100-120 m, and from the end of the boat pier or a bridge of 40 m, then the rescuer is more convenient and, most importantly, it is more advisable to jump into the water from the end of the bridge. Winning time will be undoubted.
If the sinking tourist in the eyes of the head or group members disappeared under water, then before rush into the water, it is necessary to establish some kind of reference to its dive (Fig. 22).
Fig. 22. Installation of landmark
Any item (clothing, paddle, stick, stone, etc.) can be used as a guideline. This will help the rescuer to correctly navigate in search of the drowned, as it is necessary to dive, as a rule, several times. It is necessary to take into account the course that can carry the drowned towards the landmark on the shore.
If the sinking tourist is located near the shore and at hand, the rescuer has throwing means of salvation (circle, end of Alexandrova, rescue balls) or auxiliary means (stick, rope, paddle, etc.), then it should be used first to use them, and Not to rush to the help. If the sinking tourist is at a considerable distance from the coast and at hand there are no rescue nutrients, you can throw any remedy into water that rests on the water and for which it might be drowning before helping it.
When there were several tourists in the water, for example, a boat turned over, then items that can support drowning should be thrown as much as possible. Salvation Climbing in such cases is most dangerous for the rescue, since several people can be seized simultaneously. The group of fluffy tourists should be swimming with the edge and, first of all, help to provide someone who is in the most critical situation. It should be remembered that jumping into the water head forward to quickly overcome some space, perhaps only in a familiar place, where there is enough depth, there is no corge and other items that can be crushed. In an unfamiliar place, the rescuer should jump down the legs, tightening his knees to the chest, which will help to avoid injury. In order for the immersion to be insignificant, it is necessary to dilute the hand at such a jump on the sides and, when entering the water, make them move down, as if by pressing water.
The place where the drowned, except the guideline installed on the shore, can still be determined in the circles on water and overlooking the surface of air bubbles. But such a definition of a place of drowned is possible only in the first seconds of immersion under the water of the victim. At the same time, some body demolition is taken into account. Diving into the water without mask or special glasses, the rescuer even retains visual orientation in muddy water. Finding blindly deprived of any meaning.
The rescuer, jumping into the water and seeing drowned at the bottom, should approach it, taking into account the location of the body at the bottom of the reservoir. If the drowned lies with his back on the ground, then the lifeguard should swim to him from the side of the head, quickly catch under the mouse and, pushing off from the bottom, lift it onto the surface (Fig. 23, a).
Fig. 23 rescue drowning
If the drowned turned out to be on the bottom of the reservoir face down or on the side, then it should be saved from the legs or side. Subsequent actions are identical to the previous occasion. In that case, if the bottom of the reservoir is mild and or conditions, then instead of repulsion, the rise is starting with the help of swimming movements of the legs (Fig. 23, b).
Swimming to Toner and Exemptions from Captures
It is desirable that the pedagogical composition, which takes directly participate in the work of a tent camper, located on the shore or near the reservoir, the leaders of tourist groups that make water hiking should be owned not only by various receptions of rescue, the transportation of victims, but also to the receptions of the liberation of the impeding His help. These techniques must also be trained by participants of the tourist events of the older age, who know how to swim well and the mighty to provide landing assistance.
It is desirable that someone from the pedagogical composition can conduct classes with the participants of the tourist event not only on the proper use of rescue funds, but also to assist causing disaster on the water. It is possible that during the period of the hike, an emergency will suddenly arise and several people will be in water, the effective assistance to which one leader of the tourist group is simply not physically able to. In this situation, you can only count on the aid of the aqueous campaign participants. But if the participants in the campaign did not capture at least azami assisting a disaster on the water and exemption from the seizures, then they can turn into rescues in a matter of seconds, which will further aggravate the situation. It is no secret that the fear that masters a sinking person is quite often depriving his ability to own himself and carry out those requests, instructions that the rescuer gives him. Without controlling their actions, drowning with the rated force is enough for the rescuer, to only resist on the surface of the water. Immediate, making chaotic movements, contributes to the fall of water into the respiratory tract, which, naturally, disrupts breath, and with each second the need for a breath of air increases. In the most difficult situations, let it be cruel, a lifeguard can use it and quickly immerse themselves into the water, fascinating the sinking. The latter, so as not to lose opportunity to block the air, is forced to let go of the rescuer. At the same time, there are a number of other techniques, with the help of which you can free yourself from the grips of a sinking tourist, without immersing with it into the water. When conducting classes, the following main techniques of exemption from the tricks of the sinking, which are most common in the real situation in the event of an emergency occurrence.
Capture for hand brushes. The rescuer vigorously turns his hands toward the large fingers of a sinking tourist (Fig. 24).
Fig. 24. Liberation from the capture of hands
Capture with two hands for one hand.The rescuer pushes a sinking tourist with his leg, resting her in his chest of the latter or hesitating his free hand between his forearms and holding a brush of his captured hand (Fig. 25).
Fig. 25. Liberation from capturing for one hand
Capture with fingers behind the neck in front. The rescuer pushes a sinking tourist with two legs, resting his feet in his shoulders, or the blow of closed hands from below-up under the elbow of the near hand of the sinking (Fig. 26).
Fig. 26. Exemption from the seizure of the neck in front of the fingers
Capture with her hands in front.The lifeguard holds the mouth and the nose of a sinking tourist with one hand, at the same time the other hand pushes his head. The second way: The rescuer captures the brush of one hand of the sinking, the other hand rests on her elbow. Immersing underwater, the rescuer pulls the brush of a sinking tourist down, at the same time pushing up the elbow. After freeing his head from the capture, the rescuer continues to move, turning his back sinking to him (Fig. 27).
Fig. 27. Liberation from the seizure of the neck in front of the hands
Capture with fingers or hands behind the neck. The rescuer, plunging under the water, captures the thumbs of a sower tourist and breed his hands to the sides. When you capture your hands, the same technique is used as when capturing in front of the neck. The only difference is that the rescuer, unscrewing the hands of the sinking and plunging, turns to his face and then turns his back to him with the same movement (Fig. 28).
Fig. 28. Exemption from the seizure for the neck of the back
Capture in front of the torso or for the body along with one hand. The rescuer clamps his nose and mouth of a sinking tourist and immersed with him under the water. At the same time, if there is an opportunity, rests on the knee in the chest of the sinking and pushes it from myself.
Capture for hips or knees. The rescuer turns the head of a sinking tourist to the side, grabbing one hand for the chin and imposing another on the back (Fig. 29).
Fig. 29. Liberation from capturing
Capture in front or behind the body together with both hands. These are the most dangerous seizures, as the rescuer is deprived of the opportunity to be freed with at least one hand. In such cases, in front of the front, the rescuer, plunging under the water with his feet down, carries a sinking tourist and one, seeking to stay on the surface, lets the rescuer. When capturing behind the dive, along with a sower tourist, is carried out heads down. For this, the rescuer, grouped (that is, tightening his knees to the chest), makes a knocker forward, throwing a sinking tourist through itself. Having immediately headed under the water, the sinking tourist is even faster releases saving.
Transportation of a sinking tourist
Performing one or another reception of the victim's transportation, it is necessary to follow the main condition: to ensure the victim the opportunity to breathe throughout the entire time to promote the floodplain. The most favorable conditions for breathing, preservation of equilibrium are created during the transportation of the victim on the back. To give the victim of the specified position, it is necessary to translate it into the position on the back in the lower back (Fig. 30).
Fig. 30. Preparation of drowning to transport
There are various techniques for the transportation of the victim, applied depending on the state of the victim and the degree of preparation of the rescue.
Capture for hair. This technique is used when the sinking lost consciousness. The rescuer can swim on the side, chest or back, working with his legs and one hand, trying to keep his head over the water (Fig. 31).
Fig. 31. Transportation of hair capture
Enchanting capture.In cases of troubled behavior of a sinking tourist, the rescuer squints one hand under the sinking hand of the same name and puts his brush on the head. At the same time, the other hand from under the mouse captures the forearm of the other hand and presses the sinking towards him. However, transporting the victim, holding it in this way, is very difficult, and this seizure is applied limited only to calm the sound tourist (Fig. 32).
Fig. 32. Transport by fixing capture
Capture for the jaw.The rescuer encourages one hand on the mouse of the victim of the victim of the same name and captures it from the bottom for the jaw. Being on the side of the position on the side or chest, the rescuer carries out transportation, working with his legs and free hand without removal of it on the surface (Fig. 33).
Fig. 33. Transport by capture for the jaw
Capture under the mouse. The rescuer supports a sinking tourist under the mouse, and the thumbs of the rescuer are on the shoulders of the tourist. Promotion is carried out by the movements of the injured. Hands of the rescuer stretched out. These movements are most effective in the legs of the breeding method (Fig.34).
Fig. 34. Transportation by seizure under the mouse
Capture a head. The rescuer takes a drowning head so that the thumbs are lying on the cheeks, and the rest passed under the lower jaw, and swimming on the back or "sitting" with the help of legs towing him, lifting her face over the water. A second option is possible, which is slightly different from the first. The rescuer, being in the back position, keeps the head of the victim in such a way that the thumbs are located at the temples, and the rest - along the lower jaw. Promotion is carried out by the movements of the feet under the back of the victim. Hands of the rescuer stretched out. These movements are most effective in the legs of the breeding method (Fig.34).
Fig. 35. Transport by grip
Transportation with hand support. Approaching the back, the rescuer encourages his right (left) hand under the right (left) hand through the chest of the victim and, taking his hand above the elbow, floats on the side with the help of legs and free hand without removing it on the surface (Fig. 36).
Fig. 36. Transportation with hand support
Transportation with support from behind hands. Approaching the drowning tourist, the rescuer squints his right (left) hand under one of his hands and, grabbing another hand for the forearm, floats to the shore with a leg and free hand without removing it on the surface (Fig. 37).
Fig. 37. Transportation with support for hands
Help a tired swimmer tourist
An inexperienced tourist, who does not know how to correctly evaluate his swimming opportunities, sometimes it turns out to be so tired that it is not able to independently get to the coast, from which he saw too far, violating, naturally, the rules for swimming on the beach or in a water hike. Help such a mountain-tourist is a single lifeguard is carried out by two techniques.
1. Floating on the chest, the rescuer pushes in front of him the tired, which lies on the back and rests on his shoulders with straight hands. More successfully this technique is used if the rescuer floats in the breeding method (Fig. 38).
Fig. 38. Help with a tired swimmer
2. The rescuer pulls the tired, which is based on straight hands on his shoulders, but without pressing them. At the same time, the tired can help promotion by working feet (Fig. 39).
Fig. 39. Tired helps promotion
In the case when the assistance is tired turns out to be two rescuers, it can also be carried out by two techniques.
1. Two rescuers float next to the tired left and right from it, while tired leans with straight hands on their shoulders. He, if it allows his condition, can assist rescuers in promotion, working feet (Fig. 40).
Fig. 40. Tired rests on the shoulders of rescuers
In this situation, rescuers can push the near hand under the mouse of a tired, lying on the back, and pull it, working with legs and free hand.
2. Very exhausting tourist, two rescuers are transported, sitting on the front and behind him. The tourist is held by the shoulders or the waist of the front rescuer, and the rear swims behind his legs on his shoulders (Fig. 41).
Fig. 41. Transportation of an exhausted swimmer
Some recommendations for the preparation of rescuers from among the participants of the tourist group
In an emergency during the period of water, other than the ability to row on a boat, it is often necessary to quickly change the direction of movement, unfold, to bring the boat with feed forward, etc. For rapid and successful boat maneuvering, you need to learn to row oars simultaneously in different directions. So, for the rapid reversal of the boat on 180 ° in one oral, you need to row as usual, and the other in the opposite direction. To quickly stop the boat or promotion, you need to begin to row both oars in the opposite direction.
You must be able to row and alone in case of loss or breakage of another oars. Most of these actions are based on quite difficult coordination of movements and is mastered only by practical exercises on the boat. The testing of these actions should be carried out on practical classes, in the training campaign, and the fixing of the obtained skills and skills, if time allows, should be carried out mainly. Naturally, the technique of rowing and maneuvering on a boat is different from the technique of rowing and maneuvering on the kayak.
The skills of using such individual rescue means, like the end of Alexandrov and the rescue circle, are purchased by repeated exercises. First, the initial acts are mastered: the method of holding in hand, preliminary swinging, and non-shifted circle or end drops. After mastering the specified actions, you must exercise exactly the throws. Classes for mastering skills and skills to assist the drowning tourist with the help of a rescue circle or the end of Alexandrov can be carried out at the location of the tent camp first on the shore, and in the future directly from the boat.
For rapid swimming to a rapid best is the breast crawler method. You can also use breeding methods and on the side. The most acceptable ways to transport the victim are breeding methods and on the side. It is quite clear that for a limited period of time, to teach the participants of the tourist group to master the specified methods of the task unreal. In this regard, from among the participants of the tourist group, choose those who more or less owns the specified ways of swimming, and to carry out an exercise opportunities with them. It is also desirable that the rest of the participants in the course of classes captured at least azami assistance to the drowning, which is useful not only in the water hike, but also in further daily life.
In addition to mastering the skills and swimming skills, it is necessary to get elementary knowledge and to master the skills of diving, for which several modified brass is also most suitable.
In the course of studying and mastering the specified skills of swimming and diving, it is necessary to study and master the diving techniques with the help of movements of one legs. Trees of transportation of the victim initially should be mastered in a small place and after positive results, go to a deeper place. In the initial stage of mastering the transportation of the victim, assistance is allowed to help the rescuer from the "victim", which makes swimming movements with legs and arms.
Release receptions from seizures are first studied on land. In order to avoid possible injuries, all the students warn that they do not make the techniques are unnecessarily sharp, especially in water. On land and in a small place are studied and only those techniques that do not require immersion under water along with "victims" are studied and polished. After mastering various techniques on land and in a small place, classes are carried out on a deep place, i.e. Practically in real conditions that may occur during the period of the campaign and rest at the reservoir.
To search for a drowned tourist, in addition to diving in a depth of the jump or from the surface of the water, you need to be able to move under water in length, changing the direction of movement. The skills of finding the drowned first are mastered by searching at the low depths of various items. The duration of breathing delay and diving distance are gradually increasing and limited to the limits: to the depth - up to 4 m, in length - up to 25 m.
The head of the tourist group or the pedagogue of the campground, organizing and conducting a training event, is obliged to take all the measures-dependent measures to ensure the safety of students. Before the start of any practical lesson, the teacher must bring to the attention of each tourist performing one or another reception (seizure, transportation, etc.), what security measures are obliged to follow. At the same time, the teacher should inform the training of his actions in the event of an emergency situation. The course of any water classes should be made careful insurance, exposing rescue posts in the most potentially dangerous places, leading all the necessary rescue tools.
In the absence of a serviceable or sufficient number of rescue tools, other equipment, equipment and inventory, with which practical classes will be carried out, as well as in the case of a sudden deterioration of weather conditions, classes must be immediately discontinued.
These recommendations can take advantage of not only teachers of tent tourist camps and leaders of tourist groups that make water hiking, but also the pedagogical composition of the most various recreational and educational camps in the reservoir.
As for the issues of the first prefigure assistance to the victim, the recommendations on them are set out in various textbooks, memos, brochures, posters, which should be used in conducting training activities with tourists.
The causes of the death of a person on water or ice can be different: the inability to float, violate the rules of behavior on water, bathing in a drunk, fear, fright, etc. A person, depressed by fear, is not able to soberly assess the situation, he makes meaningless movements, fools quickly and sinks. In order to assist the drowning, it is necessary to swim well and dive, know and correctly apply the techniques of salvation, liberation from the captures and towing the victim. Saving a person on the water, you need to act deliberately, carefully, soberly assessing the current situation, not lost in the case of danger. It should be properly taken into account the distance to the drowning, the flow rate, the presence of rescue tools, the excitement of water, etc.
When saving the victim using plaels It is necessary to get closer to it as close as possible. It should be taken into account that the excitement of water. Having caused by the plaeliness itself, may worsen the position of the victim and accelerate its drowning. When approaching the immentication, it is necessary to ensure that it does not hurt it with screw, oars or body of the plael. To maintain the victims of water and extracting it from it, special rescue funds are used (circles, ends, rope balls, etc.), as well as breeds (poles, stairs, networks, etc.).
For submission of rescue circle It is necessary to take it with one hand, the second hand to take for Leer, make two or three circular scope stretched at the shoulder level at the shoulder level and throw the circle plastle towards the victim so that it fell on the right or to the left of a person at a distance of no more than 0.5-2 0 m. Circle feed from the boat is carried out on the side of the side, which is closer to the drowning. From the boat, to avoid her tipping, the circle is best served towards the stern or nose. Throw a circle right on the immentive is not recommended, as he can hit a person on his head or fly through it. Sometimes the rescue circle is tied to the end of Alexandrova, with the help of which the victim pull up to the floating. For feeding the disaster of the end of Alexandrova, the rescuer is a small loop of the end puts on the wrist of the left hand and in it holds most of the turns. Taking the right hand three or four turns with a big loop, he makes a few wide scope and throws the cord to the drowning with such a calculation so that he can grasp the floats or for the cord. The victim should tighten to the shore (floating) carefully, without jerks. The end of Alexandrov can be thrown up to 25 m.
Feeding rescue balls It is made as follows. One hand take rescue balls, and the other is a cable that fastens them. Then you need to do two or three circular scope and on the stretched hand to throw balls in the direction of the victim so that they fell on the right or to the left of it. If necessary, the end of Alexandrova is attached to the balls, with which the victim is tightened to the shore (floating).
If before the shore is not farThe victim does not necessarily be drawn into the boat: it can be towed, if it allows his condition, keeping the stern or for a rope attached to the federation. If the victim is not able to independently hold for the stern, then he is inserted into the boat through the body of the rescuer, which served on the stern and the bell into the water. This technique allows you to avoid damage to the skin from the affected boat's uneven edges. The rise of the victims of high-sided floats with high sides can be carried out along the ladder, the stairs, as well as with the help of a rope or network.
If there is no possibility to use the floodedness, then the rescuer is approaching the imminent flame. It is better to swim with a ram, since this style of swimming allows you to develop the greatest speed. When in the water, the rescuer should be able to withstand dangerous factors characteristic of water bodies. Especially dangerous for the rescuer and the affected convulsions. caused by cooling of the body or overworking muscles. In convulsions of hands, you need to dramatically compress your fingers in the fists and squeeze them. If drove one hand. We should lie on the side and work with another hand under water. With the convulsions of the abdomen, it is necessary, lying on the back, vigorously pull the knees to the stomach. If the calf muscle is reduced, then it follows, stretching the leg above the surface of the water, to vigorously pull the knife with his hands. With the convulsions of the thigh, it is necessary, sharply beating his leg in the knee, strongly squeeze his heel with his hands. Danger is also algae: confused in them, you can choose. Hooking for them, you need, without making sharp movements, try to free yourself with your free hand and carefully leave a dangerous place. Once in the whirlpool, the rescuer must, quickly and deeply inspiring, immersed in water, make a jerk to the side (for the flow) and float to the surface. Once on the wave, it is necessary to ensure that the breath accounted for the gap between the shocks of the waves. Swim against the wave, it is necessary to calmly climb and hide under it. With a big wave, you need to breathe deeply and dive under it.
To the victim always go to swim from behind. If it is impossible to do it, then you need to dive under the immentable, capture your right leg with your left hand. And the palm of the right hand strongly push the left knee from the front and deploy the victim's victim to himself. This technique is used in cases where the victim makes random movements or resist the rescuer. Once behind the victim's back, the rescuer misses his right hand under the armpit of his right hand and, tightly capturing his hand and shoulder, pops up with him to the surface.
Towing the towing victim They are divided into two groups: without fixing the hands, when the victim calmly obeys the rescuer, and with the fixing of the hands - in the case of resistance to the drowning.
When towing a head The rescuer, stretching his hands, takes his head of the victim so that the thumbs lay on the cheeks, and the Misinians are under the lower jaw of the victim. Raising his face over the surface of the water. Swim on the back and working feet, the rescuer transports to the catering, boat or shore.
When towing with grip The rescuer tightly picks up the victim under the armpit and towed it with the help of the legs.
When towing with gripthe rescuer, approaching the back, encourages his left (right) hand under the appropriate hand of the victim. Then he takes his left (right) hand above the elbow joint, presses a man with his back to himself and tows it in a safe place. Swimming on the side, when one hand and legs are free, gives the rescuer to navigate, choose the direction during the transportation of the victim and towing it over long distances.
When towing with capturing above elbows The rescuer worshves both hands of the elbow, pulls them back, then encourages his left (right) hand in front of the armpit and spends her behind the man's back. Then the left (right) hand captures the right (left) hand of the elbow drowning above and strongly presses the man with his back to himself.
When towing with hair grip Or the collar of the rescuer, capturing his hand, the hair or collar of the weakness of the drowning, floats on the side, working in hand and legs. A man towing should be straightened to support his head over the surface of the water so that the water does not get into the respiratory tract.
Imaginary is usually in a half-cooled state, scared, embraced fear. Therefore, at the form of a lifeguard, he enjoyed enough for him, which threatens to go to both. To get rid of the capture of the affected rescuer should make great efforts, and sometimes apply strength. Most often, the lifeguard is enough for the lifeguard for hands, neck (in front and rear), torso (through hands and under his hands), behind his feet. In this case, the rescuer must dive under water. If the diving does not help, then you need to apply one of the following ways to be released from the capture of the victim.
Exemption from gripping hands. The rescuer primarily determines how the thumbs are located. Then a strong jerk in the direction of large fingers breeds his hands. At the same time, tightening the legs to the stomach and overlooking them in a man's chest, he repels him from him, and then with a sharp movement unfolds his injury to himself towing.
Exemption from capturing at the neck in front. The rescuer, resting his palm in the chin victims of the big and index fingers, tries to close his nose, and the other hand at the same time worst with a lower back. Then, pressing the fingers on the nose, the person is very pressing to himself and sharply pushes him into the chin, bending into the lower back. Liberation can be strengthened and hitting the knee to the bottom of the victim's abdominal, but this technique is admissible only in extreme cases.
Exemption from the capture of the neck from behind. The lifeguard captures the opposite hand victim to the brush, and the second supports the elbow. Then, sharply lifting the elbow up and turning down the brush down, slipping out of the hands of the drowning, but the captured hand does not let go, but continues to deploy a man with his back to himself and towing him. Exemption from capturing for the body through hands. The rescuer, squeezing the hands of the hands in the fists, strikes with thumb into the ribs of the rebel and starts towing.
Exemption from capturing for the body under the arms. The rescuer is freed from the capture of the immentable at the same reception as when capturing the neck of the back.
Exemption from grabbed legs. Rescuer with one hand captures the head of the immentable in the area of \u200b\u200bthe temple, and the other - the chin (from the opposite side) and vigorously turns it towards the side and the side of the Dotechor, until free. Then, not letting the head of the drowning, pops up with it to the surface and starts towing. If the receiving release from the gripping is not given a positive result, then without losing time, it should be repeated.
If the victim drowned, it must be raised from the bottom of the reservoir. If the victim lies on the ground face up, the rescuer approaches him from his head and lifts it. Then, taking the victim under the armpit, the rescator is vigorously repelled from the bottom, floats to the surface of the water and towels it. If a person lies on the ground face down, the rescuer approaches him from his legs, picks up under the armpits and, lifting, vigorously repels from the bottom. It is more convenient to endure the victim from the water with a focus on the shoulders or on the hips. Having achieved a safe place, the rescuer immediately proceeds to first aid.
Sometimes there may be in water several victims. This happens with accidents on water vehicles, the destruction of gentle facilities, bridges and in some other cases. In such conditions, the salvation of people requires a strict, real estimate of the situation. First of all, it is necessary to send boards, logs, poles, rescue circles held on the water, then help people who are close to the coast. Those who cannot resist water, saved the climb. When salvation, the woven the rescuer can assist only one person.
In winter, a man in a wormwood is possible on the reservoirs. In this case, helping the victim, it is impossible to approach the cauldron standing, as there is a danger to fall under the ice. To the victim you should have a crawling on the stomach, then, depending on the situation, the breakdown of the break to a person to a person, a staircase, a rope, a board, a belt, or a scarf. If there are no devices for assistance, then two or three people fall on the ice chain, holding each other behind the legs, are moving towards the victim to help him get out of the place of break on the ice and cross the shore. To assist failed under the ice, special rescue means are also applied: boards, poles, sleigh, boats, etc.
Inattention in stormy weather may cause falling man overboard Flooded. "The instruction of the fight for the survivability of the vessels of the Mormorflut of Russia provides for a special ship signal" Man overboard "- three long sounds (ringing loud battle or whistle). Salvation of a person inboard is usually carried out by the crew of the board. If this situation occurs, the following actions are made:
- Rescue funds are thrown by the victim;
- the colored items (inflatable pillows, plastic bottles, etc.) are immediately spread to mark the zone of person's location on the water;
- Maneuvers are performed by the ship to help the victim.
The need to maneuvering the vessel is associated with the impossibility of its sharp stop. The braking path of the ordinary passenger ship is no less mile (1852 m), and on large-tonnant courts - up to 4000 m. The maneuver is carried out with such a calculation to approach the victim to the distance in which he can assist. The more tonnage and the sizes of the vessel, the harder it is to perform maneuvering. In some cases, it is possible to reach the victim to the affected, using the recruitment vessel (boats, boats, rafts). It is possible to attract to help the victim of deck or coastal aviation helicopters. On the small boats of the victim raise on board from the windward side, since if it is done from a leeward side, the boat can tip over. On large yachts, the rise is made from a leeward side.
Raise on board the victim is often difficult and therefore it is important to use everything that can facilitate this operation. Sometimes it is necessary that the lifeguard jumped into the water with a rescue vest fixed on the rope to help the victim to secure the rope from the loop around the body and, if necessary, it is already in the water to spend immediately artificial respirationmade "mouth in the mouth."
PSR using helicopter
Introductory information
To date, no rescue service costs the use of the helicopter, especially when conducting a PSR in areas of distant distance from settlements, where there are no roads, as well as in areas with severe relief conditions. Conducting PSR, especially in the mountains, is a complex task. Lighted high levels of the sea, narrow valleys, surrounded by steep slopes with eggsokimvychins, strong air flows due to non-uniform-alertogenegory slopes, sudden changes in wind direction, reduction of visibility due to fog, snowfall, clouds and many other unforeseen factors create great difficulties not only for landing the helicopter hanging Over the occurrence, but sometimes even for advocate at all.
Decision on the use of the helicopteraccepts the head of the PSS, a search and rescue unit (PSO), coordinating all its further actions with the leadership of the airline and the commander of the helicopter. However, the departure of the helicopter is not always, unfortunately, is a guarantee of its efficient use. When you approach the scene of the meteo conditions, it may change so much that the commander of the helicopter will be forced to decide on returning to the airport. Therefore, when planning a rescue operation, except the use of the helicopter, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of connecting to it ground (naval) PSO. During the PSR conducted with the use of the helicopter, the interaction between the members of the helicopter crew and the members of the PSO, both on board the helicopter and the ground (water), should be achieved. The use of helicopters rescue services provides:
- the fast delivery of the PSO members needed for their jobs, equipment and equipment to the place of emergency;
- delivery of victims to the nearest medical institution;
- Additional delivery of all the necessary cargo to the area of \u200b\u200bthe PSR, especially when the area iswals from transport and energy arteries, settlements;
- transfer of PSO members from one search area to another;
- Search for services route or examination of the disaster area;
- artificial descent of avalanche during the PSR in the mountains;
- Lifting or extracting victims from hard-to-reach places. The use of a helicopter in PSR can significantly reduce the time for their holding, reduce the number of attracted forces and means, dramatically increase the chances of salvation of victims. Before deciding to apply the helicopter, it is necessary to comprehensively consider all the arguments for and against. By analyzing the obtained primary information, it is necessary to determine what opportunities are available for transportation affected by other methods. It is likely that in the established conditions (bad meteo conditions, the lack of landing sites, later the time of receipt of information, etc.) is more expedient to carry out the transportation of victims on the ground (water).
When evaluating the established situation, it is necessary, first of all, to pay attention to the following circumstances:
- the state of the health of the victims, the need for emergency medical care;
- The remoteness of the scene of the incident from the nearest settlement. where there is a healing institution;
- the ability to provide immediate assistance to the ground method;
- exemplary meteo conditions at the scene and route flight;
- Ability to assist without a helicopter.
Meteorovia. When conducting a PSR using a helicopter must meet the following requirements:
- Cloud - Height above the landing site: - not lower than 350 m on the ground with an absolute height of up to 2000 m and not lower than 600 m on the ground with an absolute height of over 2000 m;
- Visibility - horizontally at the height of the landing site: - not less than 5 km at an absolute height of up to 2000 m and at least 10 km at an absolute height of over 2000 m;
- Wind - no more than 5 m / s in narrow gorges, in basins and no more than 15 m / s on open passes, saddles, ridges and a plateau.
Cloudy weather or shadow areas of the slope are most unfavorable for planting, as the helicopter pilot in these conditions is harder to determine the distance to the landing site and the slope of the area.
The helicopter makes flights at the power of the wind to 15 m / s, hangs and lands at the power of the wind 12 m / s. The most favorable strength of the wind is 5-6 m / s. Cutelessness is also undesirable for flights, hanging and landing, like a strong wind. Variable wind is dangerous when hanging and landing, especially when these actions need to be produced near rocks, abuses, gentle descents. It is also necessary to keep in mind that hanging over the forest and thick shrub is a very difficult and dangerous operation, since the branches of trees and bushes dispel the air jet.
The following conditions are also as favorable to perform freezing or landing:
- the direction of the wind coincides with the open approaches;
- Approaches give a normal glide for a helicopter with a decrease or set of height;
- Under the hung helicopter there is a horizontal section of the terrain.
Rescue services for PSR are used mainly mi-8 helicopters Different modifications made to operate in transport and passenger variants. The passenger version of the Mi-8, depending on the features of the cabin, is able to take on board 9-11 or 28-32 passengers. The Mi-8 transport version has a large cargo hatch reinforced floor, mooring nodes of goods, ladders and folding seats for 24 people. Mi-8 rescue helicopters are equipped with an external suspension system with a loading capacity of 3000 kg and a winch with an on-board arrow that allows you to raise on board in the freezing mode of goods weighing up to 150 kg. The maximum mass of cargo transported in the helicopter cabin is 4000 kg of flight range with 28 passengers on board - 500 km. The maximum flight height is 6000 m. The helicopter is allowed to land on flat, hilly and mountainous areas with ups and landings on the heights and sites located at altitudes up to 4500 m. For the carriage of goods weighing up to 4000 kg mi-17 helicopter. It has a cable outer suspension, which allows transporting large loads weighing up to 3000 kg, and an on-board arrow with an electrolybered. On board the helicopter, except for hinged seats for 24 people, there are nodes for installing 12 stretcher. The range of the helicopter is maximum loading is 550 km. Ka-32T helicopter Designed for transportation of goods weighing up to 3700 kg inside the cab and up to 5000 kg on an external suspension. The rescue lifting device is the maximum carrying capacity of 300 kg. The helicopter has a practical ceiling of 6000 m.
Mi-26 helicopter Designed for lifting and transporting large-sized cargo weighing up to 20,000 kg.
Mi-2 helicopter You can use for PSR when eliminating the consequences of local emergencies. The flight range of the helicopter with 8 passengers on board is 160 km.
In large emergencies, it is possible to attract military transport helicopters, for example, Mi-14.capable of landing on the surface of the water. On the helicopters of the transport option, we are allowed to transport equipment, cargoes and service passengers in the cargo cabin, that is, rescuers and saved people.
After performing the landing helicopter to it, you can approach it, as a rule, only when the engines are turned off, and the screw will stop.
It should be remembered that even after the landing, the commander of the helicopter (pilot) can change the position of the helicopter for a variety of reasons, for example, to take off.
After landing The head of the PSR coordinates further actions with the commander of the helicopter. All rescuers, especially employees of field units, must be pre-warned that it is impossible to touch the helicopter fuselage with the hands until the grounding cable does not affect the earth's surface. If, after landing on the temporary landing platform, the helicopter engine will not be turned off, the rescuer approach to the helicopter, output from it, loading or unloading the injured, equipment, approximation or removal from the helicopter is carried out only from the front sector side so as not to fall under the tail screw, Located on the right side of the car. It should be remembered that the ends of the blades of the carrier screw are lowered to the surface of the earth, the lower, the slower they rotate. Move, being near the helicopter, it is necessary only in the desired or allowed zones and never in dangerous. Movement in the dangerous or most dangerous zones may end tragically.
Stretchs with victims, as well as various equipment you need to transfer as low as possible and parallel to the surface of the Earth. Ropes so that their ends are not wound on the blades of the screw must be rolled, the light objects of equipment are carefully packed and laid in a backpack or to another container. You should not forget about the rules for the transfer of skis, ski sticks, probes, empty stretchers - they are transferred only in a horizontal position. Otherwise, the protruding parts of the equipment can get between the carrying screw blades, which is dangerous not only for a person, but also for a helicopter. In the case of rotation of the blades of the carrier screw, it is impossible to be removed from the helicopter to the side where the area is located above, which is the place of landing of the helicopter because it threatens to get the blades in the radius, which in turn can end tragically. After landing, the rescuers exit the helicopter only by order of the bornemaker. All the actions of the rescuers on the landing site leads the head of the PSO or a person specially appointed by him. Rescuers working at the helicopter should be in protective helmets, necessarily fastened under the chin, and protective glasses, which will protect their eyes from entering them dust, snow and items raised from the surface of the land of the air jet created by the blades of the rotating screw.
During take-off or landing, rescuers must be at a safe distance from the landing site, including when starting the engine of the helicopter. All light items (ski hats, mittens, reps, utensils, etc.) within a radius of 50 m should be fixed in various ways to avoid them in screws or a helicopter turbine. In addition, the air flow generated by rotation of the screw, light items can be reset from the boarding site down if the operation occurs in the mountains.
Directly in the helicopter All equipment stacked in those places of the cabin, which will indicate the bornemaker and, if necessary, will be worsted. Rescuers are placed on the seats and are worsted by special belts available in the helicopter.
During the flight, landing, freezing is prohibited for unauthorized cab, for it may disrupt the helicopter balance, especially when climbing or descent of the victim and equipment.
It is also forbidden to be located at an open door without the use of self-insurance, when the helicopter is in the air, as well as smoking in the helicopter cabin or near him during the parking lot.
Today I want to continue the topic of summer holiday, but with a bias of water.
Of course, I would like the essence of the article to be the same light as its beginning, but, unfortunately, it would not work out here. After all, the sun is stronger thanks. Water on the sea and other reservoirs warms up. The number of picnics increases. The degree in the body of many people rises, and sanity often goes into the background. The result is drowned. Moreover, according to statistics and news reports, people, despite all warnings and other preventive measures, everyone also continues to sink. The reason is in most cases - heat, alcohol, water - cramp, loss of consciousness ...
The Troytiech of the previous paragraph, our mind can replace on - "Drill", but I want to replace them with a "saved person", which next time will be more consciously approach to the question of its own safety on the water.
Let's look at, dear readers, as we can assist in a situation where a person begins to sink and needs the help of another person. Moreover, after pulling out a person from the water, you need to give him a prefigure help. So…
Help drowning. What to do?
If you see a sinking person, as it does not tritely sounds, it is necessary:
1. pull out a person out of the water;
2. Call an ambulance;
3. To give him a trial medical care.
These 3 items, if they are performed correctly and quickly, are actually a guarantee of the prosperous completion of the situation. Sendments are not allowed!
1. pull out a tower man out of water
The sinking person in most cases falls into panic, does not hear words, and does not understand what is happening. He grabs everything that can and this becomes dangerous for a person who wants to save him.
If a person is conscious
To pull a person out of the water, if he is conscious, throw him a floating object - inflatable ball, board, rope, etc. so that he can capture him and calm down. Thus, you can calmly pull it out.
If a person is unconscious or exhausted:
1. Being still on the beach as close as possible to a thin. Be sure to remove your shoes, excessive clothes (or at least heavy), remove your pockets. Jump into the water and approach the drowning.
2. If a person has already passed under the water, dive to him and try to see it or grop.
3. Finding a person, turn it on his back. If the sinking began to grab you, quickly get rid of his capture:
- If the drowning grabbed you over the neck or body, then grab it with one hand for the lower back, and push his head with the second hand, resting in the chin;
- If grabbed the hand, turn it out and pull out of the hands of the drowning.
If such methods do not help get rid of capture, then type in light air and dive, the sinking will change the grip, and you can free yourself from it.
Try to act calmly and do not show cruelty to the drowning.
4. Transport driving ashore. For this there are several methods:
- Being behind, grab the chin with your palms on both sides and walk to the coast of my legs;
- Clean your left hand under the mouse of the left hand of the sinking, while, grab your right hand, and the wrist of his right hand, haul legs and one hand;
- Take your hand the victims of the hair and put his head on your forearm, hacking my legs and one hand.
2. First Help Help (Promotional Help)
When you pulled the victim to the shore, urgently call ambulance and start immediately to provide him with first prefigure help.
1. Stand next to the injured person on one knee. Put it on my knee belly down and open his mouth. At the same time, prescribe with your own hands on his back so that the water has led from it, which he brazed. The victim may appear and is normal.
If a person in a half-state condition, and he began the attacks of vomiting, do not allow him to lay on his back, otherwise it can be suppressed by the lot. If necessary, help extract from its oral cavity vomit, tina or other substances that interfere with normal breathing.
2. Put the victim on your back and remove excessive clothes from it. Put him under the head anything so that she was a little elevated. To do this, you can use its clothes twisted in a roller or your knees.
3. If a person has no breathing for 1-2 minutes, it can lead to a fatal outcome.
Signs of heart stop are: no pulse, breathing, extended pupils.
If these features are present, urgently start to take reanimation activities - do the "mouth in the mouth" and.
Type in light air, clamp the nose of the victim, bring your mouth to the mouth of the victim and exhale. It is necessary to make 1 exhalation of 4 seconds (15 exhale per minute).
Put your palms on each other on the chest affected between his nipples. In pauses between exhalations (during artificial respiration), make 4 rhythmic push. Davit on the chest is pretty much - so that the shroud is shifted down by about 4-5 cm, but no more, so as not to aggravate the situation and additionally do not harm the person.
If the victim is an elderly, then the pressure must be gentle. If the affected child is not palm, but with your fingers.
Make artificial respiration and indirect heart massage until the person comes to himself. Do not lower your hands and do not give up. There were cases when a person and after an hour of such measures came to himself.
It is more convenient to reanimate together, so that one would make an artificial respiration, and the second.
4. After restoring breathing, before the arrival of ambulance, put a person on the side so that it sustainedly lay, stake and warm it.
If the ambulance cannot come, and there is a car, all the above items do in the car while we are going to the nearest medical institution.
Let the Lord keep all of us, dear readers, from such situations.
Help drowning - video
Salvation of drowning is not only the concern of rescuers ...
Part number 2 (do not bother without "link with the shore")
Part number 3 (call for help - it is necessary to effectively)
Part number 4 (float - which is not on the fishing rod)
Part number 5 Completion. (Do not interfere with rescuers to perform their work)
tut_Da. writes
Salvation of drowning is not only the concern of rescuers ...
printed by post-trainersOriginal post
tut_Da. writes
Do not bathe without a link with the shore. "
I continue the topic: what can increase your chances of salvation.
(TABLE OF CONTENTS)
Very often, the company arrived on the beach, cheerfully throws off his clothes and, the whole crowd, break into the water. Get out of the water, look at the "extra" sneakers and run to the rescuer, because "Some of them did not come out of the water!". She came alone to the beach, has every chance that his drowning will become noticeable, only in the evening - for the remaining clothes.
The chances of saving such a victim of "water and case" are minimal. Rewrite such swimsters, no longer rescuers, but scuba divers, and not always find ...
At one time, in the pioneer camps, when bathing detachments, there was a rule: in water should be no more than 8 (and better less) pioneers per lifeguard (or warp). It was completely justified and drowned pioneers was very small. Even if such an emergency happened - it was due to the fact that some of the elders left, and it was at that moment an accident occurred.
How can this practice can be applied to swimming on the beach? Very simple! Do not lose touch with the shore! Leave someone from the company on the shore. Let him look after everyone and will be on the "Street." It bothers it later ... But the presence of such a "looking" increases the chances of salvation by an order.
What if you came to the beach one / one? Do not hesitate and ask the rescuer to look at your things. A normal lifeguard will never refuse. (If refuses - consider that there is no rescuer on the beach.) You will be calmer for things, and the rescuer will track your movements along the beach water area - this is from the field of psychology. The likelihood that you will not sink - it will not increase, but the chances of timely salvation will increase.
And in the end of two cases from practice: with a good finals, and a curious case.
History time
A peaceful bathing batting and the calm job of rescuers were interrupted by the treasured female cry:
- Saying! A-A-A-A-A!
After such a shout, you jump up as the stolen and wear a scream. Screaming woman. In water, something large thickened on the water. The depth, in the place where the large object was located not more than 160-180 cm. Somehow immediately determine that it is not fascinating, but a real problem. And since the problem is to run on the belt and sail!
- How would he go to his back? What is his weight? - All sorts of thoughts climb ...
The object floundered so that he did not see the approaching rescuer. And to determine its floor / envelope / age, because of splashes, it was not real.
And when I approached the distance of an elongated hand and tried to grab, another problem arose. Catch and deploy - failed. But get a powerful blow to the forearm - it really happened. I need to pick it up (I will not pick it up) Pocked behind and has already prepared for transportation, but convulsive panic objects of salvation complicated the task.
Even a thought appeared: - to heal, but was not implemented. The depth allowed me to just rely on the bottom of the bottom. The bottom turned out to be even closer than I assumed.
Calmly standing at the bottom, I could have grip from behind to keep the drowning. The water came to me "Just above the armpits."
Akurate, step by step, I started to move back to the shore. Saved continued to pour his hands and legs until I was just above the belt.
So at that moment he calmed down. Felling legs about the bottom, and ... its growth was about 160 cm.
Then there was a standard procedure: to calm down, in the medical center, sign the certificate "On Salvation on Waters", fight off from the obsessive friendship of the saved. By the way, not everyone is trying to "make friends", some just get closed in themselves.
You probably wonder: what and how did it happen?
And it was like this:
Dad and son played in the water. The game was that Dad was embarrassed, the son got up in his arms, and Dad thrown him out of the water. The child dived and was very happy. With such a game, a raging stands face to the shore at a depth of just below shoulders.
At some point, the dad did not resist balance and fell back. The depth has become more, I did not know how to swim dad and, for this reason, I fell into a panic.
For all this, the mother-in-law was observed and at the first panic movements, she published a "terrible" cry. Then you already know everything.
And not shouting she? There is no guarantee that everything would have done, because The son did not even understand that dad is sinking, and not "appears." Yes, and it's good that the kid - did not get saved ...
History two
The end of the working day on the beach the rest beach was overshadowed by the appearance of a woman who simply ran to the beach, wildly reviewed the surroundings and, without seeing swimming, moved to us.
- You have not seen such a bald-like with a man? He was still dressed in ... (List of clothes)
The woman was very concerned, and I remembered the man "Lysisted with a squint", but in what kind of clothes he was - I did not know.
- What were the smelters? - I asked quite a reasonable question.
- And where he?
- I dont know. I may have seen, but where it was going - I do not know. And in what clothes he is - I do not know. Here mostly all in melting.
- You, young man do not let go! - Beginning to throw a woman - where is he?
- I'm not mocking, but him, as you see yourself, here - no.
There was no one on the beach, besides us, there was no one. The hour of "evening feeding" - dinner.
- And where he?
- We do not know. Maybe left somewhere, but it's not on the beach.
- I see it. And where did he go?
- We do not know. We are rescuers.
- Yes, you do not know anything. You have a mess here! No one knows anything!
Continuing to scold us and everyone around, a woman headed from the beach and almost left ...
This "almost" changed our entire routine for the evening. About bushes, she found things her husband. All the things that she described us and described.
From a short conversation managed to find out: they are not vacationing - they have a cottage near; the neighbors do not have it; She looked everywhere - he did not come to the store and did not buy anything; acquaintances on the basis - no; She has already been looking for him everywhere.
By the end of the conversation, it became clear that we need to search in water, and because Already exactly you will find only the body - it is necessary to call the police, to start a rescue boat and scrub the bottom of the "cat." The chances of "hooking the body" is not enough, because Water flowing, but they are.
Unhappy woman sent to the medical center, because She just fell into a state of quiet idiocy. The head of the base went on a car - bring the policeman. Rescuers (i.e. we) - began to "scrub the bottom."
Every time, when the "cat" snapped something (and all the crap on the deep part of the beach mass), an unpleasant chill made through the back. I pull out the next trash, I soothe myself - "Well, at least you clean the beach."
For our actions began to observe holidaymakers who have ended dinner. They somehow learned that someone drowned ...
Overweight It was becoming more and more hopeless, and the gasoline ended ... We stuck to the shore, and not a sunbathing body.
Here a clename of peasants approached me, and asked an idiotic question:
- Didn't find?
- Not! Found! In the pocket hid! - Of course we were competed by interjections ...
- And x ** I'm not surprised! You have everything alone through the ass! - did not learn peasants.
- What do you want? - Prescan I am His Word.
- Yes, b **, if you have a silence in broad day, then it is understandable ...
- Whats up?
- I have a clothes stuck ...
I did not give him to finish. Deployed to himself with the right shoulder, and there - a palloon.
It was not the man who I remembered, but "What the hell is not joking." I led a resting man on identification into a medical center to his wife.
She identified him and fell into hysterics with tears. I really understood her, what you can not say about her husband.
His hit:
- Me, what? Can I sit with friends? Crane can not drink? What are you spying for me? ...
And then in the same vein. And the woman did not mind and cried quietly. I tried to calm the hedied husband, but I did not succeed. While the object of his perturbation, I am the service of salvation on the waters, the woman calmed down and lit up such an appleuha that he simply fell out of the medical center ... And the whole Hona flew from him, and his wife calmed down. Assembled his things and left the medical club, and he sat down in alone savages behind her, justifies on the go.
The head of the base and the policeman did not find a drowned man. The policeman initially indignant, but the argument "did you have a hunt with the corpse?", I returned it to a good arrangement of the Spirit, and the head of the base suggested to "pire" smoked fish.
That all ended. A little stronger, but instructive.
Always try to have a connection with the shore! Attach the maximum effort to reduce the start time of your salvation.
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tut_Da. writes
Call for help - it is necessary effectively!
And how to call for help?
This question is, in a personal and not a comment, I was asked three times.
Retreat: Write to comment - I will be more pleasant;)
And really how to effectively call help? Apparently I work some stereotypes, and it is not a shame effective way to imagine with great difficulty.
Look up a large cluster of the people. Who rushes into the eyes? The one who looks or behaves inadequately, not as others. A spectacular appearance - you can forget. In the water, your swimsuit attracting the sights of others, or leopard smelters from Dolchegbano under water is completely not visible. All under water, only head over water. For this reason, the appearance is noted immediately.
The only way is to behave inadequately. How? - That I will tell in more detail.
We think about it! How does the main mass of vacationers behave? They splashing on the shallows, laugh, talk, swim in quietly, swimmingly swims, play the ball (distract attention with a sharply moving object and splashes when falling behind the ball), sunbathe on drifting inflatable mattresses, etc. Those. All satisfied with life and everything is good.
And you have a problem! Either the limb began to reduce, the heart began to grab, consciousness began to escape, the water fell into the nose and you begin to choke ... (I am not in vain allocated the words denoting the beginning of the process). This is scary! This is the possible beginning of your end! Scary? Normal man is scary. And I want to live? - So fight!
Forget all the rules of morality, forget about your official position, press public opinion - start fighting for your life!
Split and die water? - it is useless and takes a lot of strength (the people splash on the beach)
Wave a hand? - Bad signal. (Hi and hello - no action)
Blow up? - There is nothing more stupid (there is no chance that your action will be correctly regarded - a minimum, and the fact that you can not emerge - a lot)
The only thing you can do well and effectively - yelling! What to yell - no difference! But it is necessary to yell in all the power and as much as possible fools loudly!
This will attract attention. Even if not a rescuer, then those who are closer to you, and in their inadequate behavior - the attention of the rescuer.
How long to yell? Ideally - until you make sure the rescuer saves you. But most often - exactly as much as you can, not degrading your position.
The worst option is the water that fell into the respiratory tract ... (This is a separate topic and consider it later)
Supplying the signal - you can be sure that the first step towards your salvation, you have already done.
And if you think that "you will then be ashamed for your behavior," understand the main thing - "maybe it will be so that you will be completely without the difference" what they will say good, accomplishing you on the last path. " (Unless of course find and identify).
And on the institution of the tradition ... the case of life (short)
... Creek in Falletel: "Aaaaaa! Rape! " belonged to a man with a solid belly, who unsuccessfully (earlier than emerged) breathed after the species ... For that, he did not heat the water and stayed alive ...
And on the question:
- Why rape?
- Well, you are a man. So it should have attracted your attention. At least out of curiosity!
Like this! A completely idiotic association was born in his brain, which raised us (rescuers) to timely actions.
P.S. And what to scream on foreign beaches? There is already a fantasy, but Help or Aaaaaaaaa! I guess will be effective.
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tut_Da. writes
"Float" - which is not on the fishing rod
(TABLE OF CONTENTS)
Somehow I have already mentioned one of the reasons leading to drowning. This reason is the fall of water into the respiratory tract. The body involuntarily tries to get rid of the foreign object in the respiratory tract with the help of cough.
"Float" develops according to the following scenario: 1 - You breathed water; 2 - you flip off, trying to dry out, as high as possible; 3 - Take a breath; 4 - start dive into the water, because very sharply and highly tried to jump out of the water, but you can't keep your head at such a height; 5 - finish inhale just below the water level; 6 - go to clause number 1. Everything! The cycle closed! From the side it really looks like a float.
Very often, the state of the "float" falls when swimming against the wave, when a collision with a wave from a motor boat, simply frightened something. Further, everything can come to the state of drowning. But what to do? How to deal with it?
Spread everything "on the shelves":
Stop cough - you can only shook out. And it is invariably.
To swim only in the calm, on deserted water bodies - the same is not real.
Eliminate any surprises - the same is not in our power. You can reduce their chance, but to exclude completely - no.
So you need to fade correctly! Difficult in this - nothing. No need to apply the maximum forces, in order to be your head as much as possible water. It is necessary to attach exactly so much strength so that your breath was over the water! Those. It is possible to do in water, but inhale - only over the water. It requires some concentration, but the result is worth it!
Some words on how to inhale? With all the apparent absurdity of this issue, it is really important. You can breathe through the nose, and it is possible through the mouth. It seems like the nose is higher, but the mouth is sewn. When coughing - you exhale, and the previous breath was not fully. You lack oxygen! And you involuntarily breathe through your mouth! The body did everything right - inhale through the mouth efficient. Do not be afraid that the mouth is lower than the nose, because - 7cm weather do not.
But the water flowing through the face can deliver a lot of trouble. To understand this - spend a little training.
Stand under the shower. Let the water be much. Get the flow to flow into the face. Try sharply inhaling your nose. Just inhale not very deeply. Water will fall into the nose, and you cough.
Discalled? Try to do in the same situation in the mouth. Water will remain in the mouth and cough will not. And the water can be spoiled from the mouth. And experimenting with the location of the language in the mouth when inhaling - you can achieve very good results.
And one more exercise that is better to work in the bathroom. Type the water in the bathroom and lie in it. Start inhale, through your mouth, over water and start dive. At the moment when the water begins to get into the mouth, close the mouth and stop breathing. Secure this skill. Next, do it - exhale into water, breathing delay. In your brain, it should finally be finished: the mouth in the water is not inhaled! Teach yourself, keep your mouth closed under water. (Practice "Keep your mouth closed in an inappropriate situation" is generally useful in other situations)
Separately, I will focus on the nuance, with the "float" caused by the princess in the reservoir. All actions are similar. Additionally: you need to turn from the wave; All actions exercise from its (waves) rhythm.
Case of life
He is not exactly about the "float", but will allow you to realize how the lifeguard can behave ...
The passing of the exam on the rescuer is a pretty simple event. Very often it is carried out formally (theory, first aid, practice in the pool). You can not pass these exams only if you do not want to pass them.
Delivery to the instructor rescuer is a completely different approach, but this title is worth it.
Rescuer - works only in the bathing season, i.e. Maximum 4 months. Everything else time - you can earn anything, just not to salvation. The rescue instructor (except for the lifeguard in the summer) reads lectures, trains future rescuers - almost full year and has a scholarship (he earlier at DOSAAF). The salary of the rescuer instructor is 40% higher than the simple lifeguard.
Usually, on the instructor lifeguard, surrenders the third / fourth year of operation of the rescue. It turns out this due to the fact that the work should be at least 500 hours saved at least 15 people. (Because the rescuer works 6 hours a day, for a month you can work for no more than 180 hours. For season - 720), it is theoretically - you can all have time for the season, but because Hunting Relax and buy with friends, the lifeguard's workman for the season is 200-250 hours.
And I managed for the season 1000 hours and 19 saved.
And I went studying the instructor rescuer. 150 hours of theory. 100 hours of training in the pool. Practices for first aid (and not only during drowning) ... and then the exam.
The theory passed almost everything ... And there were 18 people us. I am the youngest "young." But rendering first aid - the rules began here ... and it is possible to retake only the next year ... the slightest mistake - "Goodbye, see you in the new year." It remains - 11 people.
The most difficult exam began. The rescue. He was held in the pool. When examinations on the rescuer - it was necessary to simply swim and start towing ... And on the instructor's rescuer - the "drowning" behaved like a real drowning, and also cunning, and the battery ...
The first examined "drowning" with his actions was almost drowned ... "Goodbye, before the new year." The second was just afraid to swim close ... - "Goodbye."
The beginning of the understanding of what I have to go through ... I have not had to save such a "drowning".
But my turn approached (penultimate).
When my turn came up, the Mandrazh disappeared somewhere, and I swam. Purchase from behind - I did not work, as I tried, as I did not disquider, the saved was a face for me. Grab by the hair and peck ... As soon as I extended my hand, I realized that it would be ... grabbing my hand "Saving" pulled to me and grabbed me. You need to move to the exemption from the capture ...
I shive - not uncovered. We try to squeeze from ourselves - such that I can't even turn your hand. We try to "make very painful" knee in the groin, but I don't get enough, and the grip is enhanced, and the air begins to end, but I can't breathe ...
Sproved with the hand of "Gentle saves" - squeezed! Furious! The grip weakening slightly, it was possible to squeeze out of myself - hedded, and then ... and then ... I sent a "saved" into knockout ... and already saved a really imalling person.
I passed the exam. We were passed only two: I and the last one.
Then I approached apologize.
But then I heard the phrase that I still remember:
"You are a person - life save. You are his last hope. He will all forgive you, just for what you saved him. But if you are also myself, saving, climb - you have stole last hope and I will never forgive it to yourself. "
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tut_Da. writes
Do not interfere with rescuers to do your job.
(Table of contents)
I will stop in detail, on the question "How not to prevent the rescuer (Lyam)?"
Being on the beach, the rescuer is at work. The rescuer, at this moment, the priorities are the tasks associated with the safety of those who are on the beach and in the affairs of the water area.
In addition to interference in the form of abandoning the rescuer with conversations, there are more dangerous options for "help". The saddest thing is that acting on the "bearing of the heart", trying to help, a person involuntarily creates no interference.
This applies not to oral councils "How to make breathing from the mouth to the mouth", although this is the same annoying, no assistance in the "repulsion of the boat" ... to more extent it swings attempts to "save the drowning".
Well, if you have the appropriate preparation, but this preparation will not allow you to save without an insult you, no less prepared person. Save a well-coordinated team. In this team, everyone knows what and how to do.
An attempt to save the impeding himself, very often leads to the fact that the rescuer is added operation ... added at the same time and the chances of soaring all are minimal.
When we read lectures, it repeated many times that "the time to agree, who and what makes in an extreme situation, there is no rescuer. So all actions should be brought to automatism and spoke before interpreting the post. " This is an unshakable rule, and, for this reason, rescuers do not like to be replaced in their composition. Yes, and no one loves replacements in the worked team.
An attempt to "help" - breaks the adjacent mechanism of interaction and makes distracted and make adjustments to the well-defined mechanism.
Maybe it sounds, at first glance, wild, but grabbing a lifebuoy (whatever the rescuer was easier and he saved the strength) you "helping" distract him ... You have to be distracted by you (carrier circle) ... where are you a circle? To the boat? Or are you walking with him for the saver? Do you have time to carry this circle? And whether you captured Lin? Or does he get up for you in the sand and now need to wind it? And while these actions distract the rescuer - precious moments are lost. This remark applies not only to the rescue circle, but also to the help of "push the boat from the shore", to inspire the smelting rescue.
Ideally, most of the way you can afford in terms of helping the rescuer - this is:
1. As soon as possible to inform him about an emergency situation;
2. Quickly leave the reservoir
3. Remove from the shore and from the water of children
4. Carefully look at the actions of the rescuer (I will explain a little later "For what?")
5. When providing assistance rescuer on the shore - to be in proximity, because It may take your physical strength.
Now more about items ...
With paragraph 1 and 5 - questions usually do not occur. Clause 2 and 3 - in order to not be in line for salvation (God forbid, of course, and the rescuers are busy), and do not interfere with the rescuers to transport the victim.
P.4. - This is important in cases where salvation failed or the saved there are claims to rescuers. Talking "How, what, in what order was" you do your Civic Duty. If the rescuer acted not correctly - it should be punished. And if the claims of saved are not justified - it will protect the rescuer from charges and save him a lot of nerves, and possibly health.
In conclusion - two cases from practice, and, as they were, sad and comic:
Inflatable mattress is not a guarantee of non-optimability
Two young people floating on an inflatable mattress, noticed how it seemed to them, whose girl was needed. How everything was there, in fact, now it is no longer to figure out, t.ch. I will stick to the official version. The decision to save - was born immediately and was progressing. Swimming as close as possible, they tried to pull the girl to the mattress, but the mattress turned over, and they were all in the water.
The chance to save all three is almost minimal. Rescuers arrived to the place were able to save only one. A friend of rescued and woman - drowned. Noteworthy is the fact that the saved was not able to swim. Drown - I knew how to swim, but it did not help him. The woman has two children. They and her husband at this moment were on the beach, but did not even notice (until the start of the search bodies) the lack of mother.
And from the rescue tower - everything looked not like salvation. It looked like an unsuccessful attempt to meet. And then, after the coup of the mattress, like the drowning of two people. What promoted young people to such actions - for me still a mystery. (Examination of alcohol in the blood did not find any of the participants in this drama)
Untreated love is not a reason to spoil the statistics on salvation.
Overweight The weather did not have to actively swim, and the people are larger more, and in the evening the beach almost empty. I was nearing an end working day. The soul warmed the fact that this weather did not have to climb into the water.
A couple of young people began to quarrel again (no longer the first time for half a day they spent on the beach). The guy got up, gathered things and resolutely moved from the beach. The girl, as it seemed to us, the same began to gather, but not in a hurry and thoroughly.
The working day ended, and we began to fold the inventory. On the beach at that moment only we, the girl and the company of a person five playing checkers (or backgammon) in the far corner of the beach remained. When we were ready to go to dress up, the girl decided to reappear and we stayed at the post.
As I realized that she did not bathe, but self utles? - I will not answer this question now. She was lucky that she did not float far and I arrived on time.
- What are you, fool, do? BUT?
- What? I don't care ... who needs me? I still get drown ...
I had to explain what to dry on the beach is stupid, because Here rescuers. Not only to drown will not give, so if they don't get out - then they will have to answer. And the rescuers are not to blame for her spiritual flour. There were and sore and diverged.
As it turned out - exactly until the next on duty.
Everything repeated "Tweet in Tweet" until the young man headed from the beach. The girl immediately ran to dry. We were per check, and saved almost immediately. I didn't even swim. The depth was my shoulders below, but she was thickened well. Apparently already completely tuned to drowning.
And so, when I deduced the girl in the sand, I had a voice:
- Why do you touch my girlfriend? Hands off!
The guy apparently returned, and now I decided to show the rights. The guy was strong, but some unprecedented. We were not familiar with him, and he immediately on "you". On this aspect of his upbringing, we pointed his attention.
The girl was frowning, and coughed. (All the same, she bored the water decently ...) We began to carry out standard actions when the water gets into the lungs. The guy continued to burst something.
The girl slightly saved and was able to sit herself. She sat and cried. The guy began to behave simply defiantly. Some strange argument about the "inadmissibility of the touch of his girl", the promises "deal here and now" ...
What are you jumping? - I crossed the same on you, - What is the difference that she is your girl? Did you bring it to? Consider - she drowned. No. There is no you girl. Closed Balagan. Tops from here.
- I'm not going anywhere. This is my girlfriend.
- Do you love her or what?
- Not.
- And what then is hearing?
- She is my girlfriend…
Word for the word, all the fact that we passed the "Girl's owner" to the police, because From the words he tried to move to physical actions.
When the guy grew, I asked the girl: "For what you love him for something?", And I received an answer "And I don't like it. He is my boyfriend - he must love me. "
After such a statement, we just fell into a stupor ...
And ... called an ambulance. All the same, the water in her lungs was ... We did not see her anymore. And in that season, Nick did not have drowned more.
How they all happened there - I do not know. But still surprised at this "logic" ...
This article is final. Summer smoothly approaches its logical end ... It's time to finish with rescuers on the beach and move to something else ...
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