Reinforcement of a ribbon foundation 40 cm wide. Reinforcement of a slab foundation. Monolithic foundation and reinforcement

The scheme of reinforced concrete design is determined by the project of the foundation. Organization licensed design work, Calculates the resistance of bending beams, twist, compression ... .. Selects the type of fittings, the location of it, the brand of concrete, the size of the design, and so on.

But many private traders reign their foundations "in the image and likeness", based on the experience of the operation of reinforced concrete structures. As compensation for the lack of accurate technical calculations, the method of introducing into the construction of the super-pass is used for strength. What is achieved due to the overruns of materials.

The tower wall is indicated by the outer double line at this drawing point. Other walls are equally strong on the first and second floors, but weaker on the third floor. Significantly weaker than the northern side of the tower are the other three side walls. It is also completely clear, because from these pages it was not so easy to assess the opposite heights, the creation of assault stairs and the like. This wall that closes the tower on the side of the river south is completely absent today. On the top floor they show two window openings on the north side.

The lower edge of the door is still at an altitude of 150 cm above the rock, to which there may be a staircase. The purpose of this outlet on the rock, which rises above the kitchen, is difficult to determine. The door, however, was abandoned later. To meet now a cold in this air height, moderately. Here the inner surfaces of the walls were skipped.

How to place fittings

There are rules for the location of the reinforcement in the beam.
Since the ribbon foundation will be withstanding mainly bending forces in the vertical plane (the strength to compression of the concrete structure is always sufficiently default for a small mass of the house), therefore, the reinforcement is laid in places of the largest bending loads. This is the upper and lower surface of the tape.

The closer to the surface the reinforcement will be laid, the more closer to the zone of maximum loads.

Thus, in the ribbon foundation, the main rods are laid at the upper and lower surfaces.

Still notice the impressions in the mortar of the walls. Separate floors were probably associated with internal stairs. The entrance to the upper room was then in the floor and could be closed with a strong, made from the hatches for the boards or iron valve. If the enemy managed to penetrate the lower level of the tower, the defenders retreated to the upper levels. Then the hatch was even more barricaded by objects located on it.

In any case, the entrance to the tower meant the end of his team, if there was no last measure. Therefore, very often the underground exit from the tower led to defenders when the tower became insolvent. From this side, of course, a weak storm was installed, a double fuse. External enclosing walls are equipped specifically for defense. Top part these walls, judging by other examples, had a parapet inside, weaker brick wall with flames and shutters. A narrow space that the weakening of a weak parapet released from the thickness of the wall served as a point of view of the defenders.

Distance to Region

But, at the same time according to the rules, the rods must be inside the concrete and do not speak out of it. In this only case, the integrity of the concrete tension is preserved.

There is a developed solution - the bookmark of the main rods is made at a distance not closer than 5 centimeters from the edge of the structure.

Those. The distance from any surface of the foundation to the reinforcement inside it should be at least 5 centimeters.

If the wall was not wide enough, it would be replaced wooden carcass from boards based on support beams. On this apparatus, which was also called the murder, the defenders could move forward and forth. Of course, they do not notice anything here about these square small walls, which served as a support for the pillars of the murders.

Such wall holes relatively often found in the masonry of the actual castle of Eibenstein. These holes, sometimes rounded, pass through the walls in full thickness, but in this case they come out of the boxes in the design; These are camp of those rays that performed on both sides of the wall to carry the board on which workers stood. These stringers were found in the wall; When leaving the forests, simply cutting off the protruding parts of the farms, the central part remained in the wall. For centuries, wood probably disintegrated; However, in the walls of Eibenstein, wall wooden boards are still visible in several such holes.

What rods are applied

Apply ribbed fittings, which is therefore a good connection with concrete, mostly class A-3. Its diameter is more often - 10 - 12 mm. But for a reliable stock of the strength, sometimes tight - 14 - 16 mm. For the manufacture of crossbar, it is possible to use and smooth rods with a diameter of 6 - 8 mm.

For a tape of the foundation, up to 40 cm wide such rods should be 2 (or more) in each row, and in the upper and lower.

The distance between the rods in one row should not exceed 30 cm.

These wooden buildings are distinguished by those wooden scraps in the walls, which may have served as the supporting beams of wooden stairs or supporting beams of wooden departmental walls. From the foregoing, it can be concluded that although Eibenstein's castle was really larger, more extensive than it would be possible to think at first glance, nevertheless it was very limited in the number of his habitats. The builders of Eybenestein, of course, were not wearing sex.

Simplicity of the appearance of the castle, the absence of any architectural decor, the inscriptions on the entrance gates of the buildings indicate, on the one hand, that the castle is one of the oldest in the country and more built for defense, asylum, comfort, but on the other hand, their builders and their The descendants were not particularly generous or too developed.

All carriers of rods are bonded between the reinforcement of a smaller diameter (6 - 8 mm), in horizontal and in vertical planes. This is how the framework framework is formed, which is subsequently laid by concrete. The installation step of such broken usually from 0.5 meters.

Rules of bookmarking fittings


At the corners, the articulation of individual carrying reinforcement rods is not allowed. It is only curved solid to be put into the angle.

In such a "home" construction, welding does not apply. The connection is visited. It is often unknown exactly which metal is applied and whether it is allowed to melting and welding. Some steel during welding, heavily loses its qualities, and the connection becomes not durable.

The stairs were made of wood, because if they consisted of stone steps, traces or supports of the inner sides of the walls were to appear somewhere. Despite this simplicity, this medieval castle has all the main parts, since otherwise they have larger, more magnificent buildings of this kind. We called Frauen - or Weberhouse, also Kenatet or Gada. Here was the usual room for women and children, women visits were also visited here. But also the straight room, the canvas and the like were here, in the middle room or on the first floor.

Order of the reinforcement of foundation

The reinforcement of the required length is harvested, including thin for the binding of basic rods. Preparing, bends for installation in the corners.

In the trench, dug under the foundation, the reinforcement rods of the lower row laid on the sand pillow. To ensure the required distance, between the outcoss of the future foundation and rods, the latter are simply put on bricks.

The rods are associated with each other in a single thread in length, as well as cross. This respected the predetermined distance in width, as well as the parts of the frame are aligned along the foundation axes.

At that time, the knight's wife did not find participation in their domestic work, especially in weaving and weaving, or personally lead the work of the maids. However, the type of castle was to be much more diverse from the side opposite the village, for example, from the opposite height.

Here you can see that the castle was terrified, the rear building always exceeded the above. Today, Eibenstein is mostly a bunch of garbage. Stone masonry, which remains decay. But this does not mean that they ignore them, because they are impoverished and their descendants still live somewhere. Similarly, the age of the floor should not always be measured after the first mention of this in the case. Many generations may have passed before many sects came to the forefront from their insignificance and seem to be mentioned in the document.

Vertically arranged crossbars are tied up to the lower rods, then the upper bearing rods are mounted. To do this, they are hanging out and rapidly in a given position, for example, on the sticks laid across the trenches, then fit with vertical crossbars in the frame.
As a result, it turns out armature carcass Standing on bricks.

When Eibenstein's castle was destroyed, it cannot be accurately defined. Visher, however, personally did not write down all the castles he published, but often used the drawings sent to him. Perhaps it was also because of one of these gifts, just help not perpetuating beautifully arranged and, of course, do not overlook the ticestone in this way. In the first two purchased shelves of 3 damaged shelves. Some screws require the key to pre-tighten the nuts, which is so uncertain that the access is dense from the inside and the most convenient to use the key only at the end for tightening.

Control and number

It is important that when mounting the reinforcement, the location of the rods in relation to the central axis of the foundation belt was controlled. To do this, threads corresponding to the foundation axes are stretched on the trenches over the trenches. For them, with the help of plumbing and oriented the reinforcing frame. It is also important to make a frame strictly vertical.

How many reinforcement will need, you can answer by simply calculating, made yourself. Overhells are not forgotten by 30 cm for docking, rounding and the need to ensure holistic rods on the pairing walls. Bashes and a steel wire for binding.

With pluses, the design is pretty "clean", without unnecessary dents or bends. How do you do it and how much will it cost? Taking the right solution depends on many factors, such as the type of soil, the depth of the base, the width and height of the supports, the level of groundwater, the type of materials made from the floor and basement walls, etc. The most important answer is whether the basement is dry, the problem is relatively easy to overcome. When it is wet and in addition to mold or mushrooms on the walls, volume necessary work It grows so quickly that the whole project may be disadvantageous.

Option reinforcement

Video of Western production, where the installation of reinforcement inside the formwork is clearly shown. This technology provides ready-made fixtures for fittings suspension before filling. But we can use something you can.

Another thing to pay attention to is a problem with windows. If they are, it is good, because at best they will need to increase, even if they need to be subdivided below the ground level. However, their absence is due to the need to knock out window openings and jumpers in the bearing walls, which can be both difficult and costly. Before opening or expanding the window, you must create a new one or enhance the old jumper. As reference elements, steel profiles are best suited for accommodating in previously tied furrows and bolts together.

We all know that when exposed to the load on concrete - it is impossible to cause its elastic deformation or to blame its extraordinary plasticity; Because it is completely absent these properties. Despite the fact that the concrete has a fairly high strength limit, the power loads it is experiencing appropriate. Therefore, under the influence of uneven frosting powder forces, a multidirectional load from the walls of the building - deformations occur capable of creating cracks in the foundation and its gradual destruction.

Opening or opening openings can only be performed after jumpers. This decision will avoid many problems associated with rain and snow. However, if you deal with a deep basement, you need to deepen the windows below the ground level. This is due to the need to create window hatches, which can be engraved from a solid brick made of reinforced concrete or finished plastic. It is important that the bottom of the hatches are at least 15 cm below the windowsides and had a big drop.

In addition, each well should have drainage drainage of rainwater at the exit, for example, to a drainage well or drainage dance. It is also well installed heating cables in such an outlet to provide free water drainage from the well even in winter. Cover the well metal mesh, which not only protects the safety of passersby, but also protect the well from falling leaves and garbage.

As you can see, the conditions for the destruction of the foundation - more than enough. And our goal, prevent it, already at the construction stage. The most effective measure that allows you to secure your foundation from destruction during operation - is reinforcement of foundation. At the same time, the framework of the foundation is laid in the "body" of the foundation metal fittings. More plastic and elastic, compared to concrete, steel of reinforcement - takes on the destructive load and prevents the occurrence of cracks.

You also need to distinguish such things as the possibility of warming the room, providing it with additional heating and, above all, the functioning of the sewerage, the outflow of which from the building can now be higher than new sanitary points. In such cases, you will need to install a pumping station. For one family house, a sufficiently small and relatively inexpensive device. It can be connected to a toilet bowl, washing machine, washbasin, bathroom. This device is usually equipped with an impeller impeller.

The most important thing, however, will be the decision of the method of deepening the foundation. Of course, a decisive moment in this case should be a building designer, if he can still find it, or an engineer specializing in construction. If we do not advise the specialist, but we decided to deepen the basement, the easiest and safest way is to remove the upper floor layer and the depression of the basement to the depths of the upper edge of the stand. We are confident that the consolidated ground between the foundation, which is the type of the rack, which prevents the movement of the walls into the building, will not be affected.

Types of fittings for foundation

So, we found out that the most durable design of the foundation is a design using fittings. If you decide to produce reinforcement of the foundation with your own handsFirst of all, it is necessary to determine the class and the appropriate diameter of reinforcement rods. When building a foundation, only special bars having a ribbed surface are used - it provides the best contact of steel rods with concrete. It is quite clear that the diameter of the reinforcement - will largely determine the strength of the future design; Therefore, choose its thickness, follows from the alleged load and the type of soils. With the reinforcement of the foundation, the fittings thinner with a 10 mm, as a rule, is not used

However, this is not always sufficient depth, and the excavations must be made at the bottom of the base. However, in this case, it is necessary to first design and make racks carrying the load from the soil pressure on the walls and supports. Such a stove may be reinforced concrete slab, sprinkled between benches or sufficiently solid steel design. However, in this second solution there is a disadvantage that the steel structure should be covered along the foundation walls, which is associated with the need to thicken the wall or creating a defect, which then must be covered with furniture.

If you are going to build wooden house In a steady soil, in this case fittings that having a diameter of 10mm is fully suitable. If the house is heavy and built on weak ground - the fittings will need more fat (14 - 16 mm.). These requirements are applicable mainly to the longitudinal, upper and lower elements of the reinforcement grid. Transverse, vertical and horizontal, binding bars - mostly do not fall under the action of large loads and are used exclusively as auxiliary elements to create a frame; And therefore, they can have a smaller thickness and a smooth surface.

Depending on the method of deepening the foundation and conditions of groundwater, it will be necessary to create a new durable or waterproof isolation. As a rule, a thermal seal is used, since it is easy to combine with horizontal insulation under the walls of the foundation, which is most often used as a resin paper. It is also worth putting heat insulation on the ground. The efficiency of waterproofing inside the wall will depend primarily on the level of water pressure, such as the material from which the basement walls were built, isolation method.

Armature for the foundation, with proper location - is a durable framework, of 4 longitudinal and many transverse rods. Special attention, deserves the creation of a carcass, in the angular parts of the foundation. It is here that the highest loads on the foundation may occur, so the integrity of the reinforcement rods in this place is playing a very important role. Longitudinal rods should not be cut, in places turn the foundation tape. The fittings for the foundation is easily bent, and therefore the corner of the frame - must be carried out precisely bent, longitudinal arm of reinforcement. This is just a useful recommendation, but its use in practice - will be quite by the way.


At the time when you reinforce the foundation with your own hands, all the rods of the future frame - should be firmly connected to each other. This can be done in two ways: with welding and knitting wire. In most cases, electrical welding uses, but it is believed that temperature heating is able to weaken the strength of the structure. Therefore, you decide - how you will fasten the metal elements of the frame.

Ribbon foundation and its reinforcement


Reinforcement belt Fundament, Machined simultaneously with the installation of formwork. The height of the belt foundation, can be significantly more than its width. Therefore, it is not strongly exposed to a horizontal deflection (for example, compared to tiled foundation) - which affects the thickness of the reinforcement used. For this reason, the valve for a tape base is used with a minimally allowable thickness of 10 mm and is rarely thicker.

Reinforcement of the belt foundation, implies the creation of 2 reinforcing belts (top and bottom), their number does not depend on the height of the foundation. For the foundation with a width of 40cm, there will be enough four longitudinal rods of reinforcement (2 upper and 2 lower). On movable and bulk soils, each reinforcement belt is added to four longitudinal rods; In other cases, such an increase is inappropriate and only increases the cost of the foundation.


For the construction of a house having a size of 6 x 6 meters, with an internal 6-meter bearing wall - it will take to build a foundation, the total length of which will be 30 meters. The flow rate of longitudinal, ribbed reinforcement in this case will be exactly 120 meters. Vertical and longitudinal bars are installed with an interval, not less than 0.5 m. With the width of the base of the foundation 40 cm and its height of 70 cm, for each transverse connection, it will be necessary to 1.6 meters by smooth fittings (it can be used a thinner diameter. For example, 6 mm). All data are taken in view of the fact that longitudinal bars will be separated from the surface of the foundation, 5 cm on each side, that is, the external dimensions of the metal frame - somewhat less than the size of the entire foundation tape.

If you decide to use a knitted wire for a bundle, then for each transverse compound consisting of four rods, you will need about 30 cm of knitting wire. Knowing it, it is not difficult to calculate its full flow (for our example, you will need 72 meters).

Monolithic foundation and reinforcement

Reinforcement of a monolithic foundation, more precisely, its complexity is that such a foundation can have several parts - for example, slab and tape, and their framework should be a single integer. The diameter of all working rods of reinforcement - should not be less than 10 mm.


The reinforcement of a monolithic foundation consisting of several horizontal grids, in particular its tile parts, is made separate, mutually perpendicular rods. The distance between the revenues of the reinforcement should not be less than 10 cm and more than 20 cm. Internal intersections of rods in such a design are fixed by electric arc welding or knitting wire, in a checker order. And the two extreme rows of reinforcement rods are fully connected throughout the perimeter.


For sealing all sorts of monolithic, reinforced concrete racks in this kind of foundation, from the design of the latter - reinforcements are produced, with further accession to the main framework. Calculate the amount of material for the monolithic foundation - it will be easy, knowing its dimensions.