Oyster mushroom "Colombian", on a wood stick (12 pieces)
One of the rarest species, Colombian oyster mushroom, a growing substrate available in my shop, differs from ordinary oyster mushroom in the bluish color of the cap. A very valuable product for dietary nutrition: it contains all the substances necessary for the human body (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins), has a low calorie content, and even in a small amount causes a feeling of satiety.
Regular consumption of oyster mushrooms helps to reduce cholesterol levels and the risk of cancer. A very useful mushroom.
Hat with a diameter of 3-10 cm, various shades from blue-pink to purple. Leg 1-4 cm tall, dense, tapering towards the base.
The pulp is tender, fleshy, with a pleasant mushroom aroma and taste. They are used for cooking soups, pies, frying and stewing, and also harvested for the winter (dried, salted, marinated).
Oyster mushroom cultivation
Grow both outdoors and indoors at temperatures from 10 to 30°C. Favorable time for planting mushrooms on a tree base in natural conditions is from April to June or from August to September, indoors - throughout the year.
As a wood base, a fresh (1 month after felling), moist (moisture content of at least 50-60%) hardwood log (beech, hornbeam, alder, aspen, maple, birch, poplar, willow, chestnut, oak) without signs of rot is used, with bark and without branches. If the wood is dry, it is soaked in water for 2-3 days, the excess water is allowed to drain. The impregnated wood is placed in a warm, ventilated room for several days.
Oyster mushroom cultivation and care, instructions:
I stage
1. In the prepared log, holes are drilled with a diameter of 0.8 cm and a length of 4 cm in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of about 10 cm from each other.
2. Insert the mushroom sticks into the holes until they stop (the operation is done with sterile gloves or hands disinfected with alcohol).
3. Wrap the log with plastic wrap, making small holes for air to enter.
4. The log is placed in a dark, damp room and left to grow mycelium. At a temperature of 20 ° C, the log grows over 2-3 months, at a temperature of 10 ° C - 3-4 months. At temperatures above 34 ° C, the mycelium may die. Logs are overgrown if white mycelium is visible on the surface, in places of infection.
II stage
1. In a shaded and wind-protected place in the garden, dig a hole 10-15 cm deep, moisten the bottom of the hole. Can be grown on a balcony by planting wood after being overgrown with mycelium in a tub with earth.
2. A log overgrown with mycelium is buried vertically at one end to a depth of 1/3-1/2 of the length. Sprinkle the soil around the log with wood ash (to fight snails). The optimum temperature for the formation of fruiting bodies is from 15 to 25 ° C.
3. In dry weather, the soil around the log is watered every week at the rate of 5 liters per 1 m 2. In late autumn, the log is sprinkled with leaves and left to winter.
4. Starting next spring, the bookmark is moistened regularly, at first once a week, and during the ripening phase - every day. If watering is stopped, oyster mushrooms will only grow in wet weather.
Fruiting oyster mushroom: The first harvest when grown on soft wood (poplar, birch, willow) after 6 months, on hard wood (beech, maple, mountain ash) - 12 months.
Fruiting in waves, up to 3-4 years on softwood, 5-7 years on hardwood.
Productivity: From 20 to 50% of the log weight.
Packing composition: Mushroom mycelium Colombian oyster mushroom on wood sticks Unopened package should be stored in a cool dry place, possibly in a refrigerator at a positive temperature. The package contains 12 pieces.
Oyster mushroom "Pink", on a wood stick (12 pieces)
Pink oyster mushroom is one of the most exotic and fast-growing species of oyster mushrooms. A valuable product for dietary nutrition: it contains all the substances necessary for the human body (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins), has a low calorie content, and even in a small amount causes a feeling of satiety. Regular consumption of oyster mushrooms helps to reduce cholesterol levels and the risk of cancer.
The cap of this mushroom is 3-10 cm in diameter, pink. Leg 1-4 cm tall, dense, tapering towards the base. The pulp is tender, fleshy, with a pleasant mushroom aroma and taste. They are used for cooking soups, pies, frying and stewing, and also harvested for the winter (dried, salted, marinated).
The package contains 12 pieces.
Oyster mushroom "Ordinary", on a wood stick (12 pieces)
And, of course, oyster mushroom !
It contains all the substances necessary for the human body: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, vitamins. It has a low calorie content, but even in a small amount it causes a feeling of satiety. Regular consumption of oyster mushrooms helps to reduce cholesterol levels and the risk of cancer. Hat with a diameter of 3-10 cm, gray, brown, purple or bluish-brown. Leg 1-4 cm tall, white, dense, tapering towards the base. The pulp is white, fleshy, with a pleasant mushroom smell and taste. They are used for cooking soups, pies, frying and stewing, and also harvested for the winter (dried, salted, marinated).
Fruiting: the first harvest when grown on soft wood (poplar, birch, willow) after 4 months, on hard wood (beech, maple, mountain ash) - after 8 months. Fruiting in waves, up to 3-4 years on softwood, 5-7 years on hardwood. Productivity: From 20 to 50% of the log weight.
What is a mycelium mycelium? What are the types of mycelium, how to choose and store them? There may be confusion - some sources of information call the mycelium the substrate on which the mycelium was settled for further transportation and cultivation. Some people call the mycelium itself a mycelium - the body of the fungus, previously crushed and planted in a substrate for further settlement, but not both.
I'm leaning towards that mycelium- this is a substrate inhabited by mycelium, which is waiting for it to be germinated soon on straw, logs, cardboard, and what else ... Read on the page for the types of substrate for growing. Mycelium is needed to transfer mycelium to these substrates.
Growing mushrooms from pure mycelium is not recommended. The exact amount of mycelium (which has already turned white on the substrate and is viable) can populate a much larger amount of the substrate than raw mycelium, which has yet to germinate into the substrate. The mushroom picker is easier to control, you can be sure of the result if you see live mycelium in the mushroom picker, and not naked porridge, which may not germinate for some reason. Next, we will deal with the pros and cons of different types of mycelium.
Types of mycelium
Mycelium on sawdust
Mycelium sawdust is sterilized. Deciduous trees are used, preferably fruit trees. The size of sawdust is several millimeters. A mushroom picker from small sawdust can be populated in logs, an open mushroom "bed", straw, cardboard and other substrates. Pressed dowels with mycelium are made from sawdust, which are hammered into.
Mushroom on sawdust, already overgrown with mycelium.
If sawdust were more nutritious, it would become an ideal mycelium mycelium. If you buy mycelium on sawdust, then most likely bran or some other source of nitrogen has been added to the bag. The main advantage of sawdust is in the size of their particles. Due to the fact that they are small, the mycelium is distributed more evenly and can colonize more substrate for growing mushrooms. Our mycelium on sawdust is not very popular, grain is much more common.
grain mycelium
Sterilized grains of rye, corn, wheat or millet are populated with mycelium. Grain mycelium can populate any kind of substrate. Grains are much more nutritious than sawdust, so a handful of grains can propagate mycelium to other grain myceliums, and not only. However, grain mycelium may not be suitable for growing in the air - birds, and even more so mice, will definitely smell the grains ...
Mycelium on corn (popcorn)
Mycelium on rye grains
Sticks with mycelium
Mushroom sticks are made from sawdust and even from the legs of mushrooms. This method of colonizing with mycelium is very effective for logs, cardboard, wood chips - everything that is made of wood.
Mushroom stick from pressed sawdust
Sticks with mycelium
Other types of mycelium
- Wood shavings mixed with bran.
- Suspension with mycelium.
What kind of mushroom is better? The main thing is that the type of mycelium fits the substrate. If you have logs for settlement - take mushroom dowels. Mycelium has already studied woody material, so its spores quickly colonize a stump or log.
The mushroom picker on sawdust will well populate logs enriched with sawdust bran, cardboard, straw.
The grain mycelium is suitable for decontaminated straw and sawdust.
Once you have decided on the type of fungus, do a little research on a suitable substrate. But, looking ahead, I’ll tell you that the usual gray oyster mushroom prefers straw or cardboard.
Buying and storing mycelium
Now there is a real boom in the mushroom business. Buying mycelium in the mycelium is not a problem - look for mushroom pickers on the Internet closer to you or with the best reviews. It is advisable to do without transportation by transport companies, since the living organism of the mycelium feels temperature changes, tedding, light and darkness, lack or excess of air ...
On sale there is a dry mycelium, in bags for seeds. But experienced mushroom pickers do not use such seeds - they say that it takes root disgustingly, wakes up very slowly, and so on. I will change my rules and make a link to a third-party resource with an article on the topic of dry mycelium. And I noticed that foreign sites do not sell any "dry" mycelium.
dry mycelium
The mushroom picker should be fresh, without yellow spots. Mold and other fungi compete for a nutrient medium, and the mycelium itself produces its own waste that poisons it. Before buying mycelium, you should have everything prepared.
If you notice errors in the article (on growing) - please write in the comments. There are many conflicting sources of information on mushrooms, so I really need your help and advice!
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24.04.2018
Mycelium is the vegetative body of the fungus, which has the ability to change its structure, while forming special organs that provide reliable attachment to the substrate, nutrition and subsequent reproduction. In fact, mycelium is nothing more than a mycelium familiar to everyone. The fungus actually begins to grow from it, therefore, taking, for example, a mycelium of a white mushroom or a butter dish, you can very successfully grow them in any place adapted for this.
Mycelium most often looks like a kind of formation that looks like cotton wool or fluff in the form of a fluffy coating, and may look like a light film or threads woven together in the form of a fine mesh.
The branched filaments of mycelium are very thin (1.5 to 10 microns thick) and have a light shade. Biologists call them hyphae. On the hyphae, a fine network of miniature lateral processes is formed ( haustorium). With the help of them, the fungus easily penetrates the internal tissues of plants, pulling nutrients and water from the substrate. It is noteworthy that the total length of hyphae in some types of fungi can reach 35 (!) Kilometers in length.
Thin and branching bundles of hyphae ( rhizoids) superficially resemble the root system of plants, and they really help the fungus to securely attach itself even on a very solid base.
Neighboring and nutrient-rich hyphae can form filamentous branching clumps ( sclerotia), which are dense black formations and act as protective capsules. They, thanks to a strong structure, retain mycelium during the winter cold.
With the onset of heat, sclerotia germinate, releasing spore-forming organs.
Cords and strands can be formed from parallel and homogeneous hyphae, which are a fused branched network of thin filaments. With the help of them, the fungus is attached to the substrate.
Mushrooms use seeds called spores to reproduce.
Mushroom mycelium is usually divided into two classes:
· Immersed(if the mycelium is completely immersed in the nutrient substrate)
· Air(when the mycelium only partially touches the nutrient base)
Mycelium varieties
There are two main varieties of mushroom mycelium:
"Non-cellular" or coenotic(devoid of transverse partitions between cells and representing one large cell with a large number of nuclei)
"Cellular" or septate, in which there are intercellular partitions between the cells of the mycelium and each cell can contain a certain number of nuclei
Mushrooms are usually divided into three main groups:
hat
This is the most common group, which in turn is divided into two types:
- Pipe Mushrooms
- Lamellar mushrooms
moldy
Yeast
Cooking mycelium at home
Useful mushroom mycelium can be easily grown independently at home, such as kombucha, known to everyone for its medicinal, nutritional and taste qualities, or traditional cultivated types of mushrooms, such as champignons, mushrooms, porcini mushrooms and so on.
Mycelium for subsequent cultivation of mushrooms can be purchased from the distribution network or obtained independently from mushroom legs.
Depending on the basis of the nutrient medium, the mycelium of edible mushrooms can be divided into three types:
Grain
substrate
Liquid
To grow mycelium at home, initially it needs to create conditions for a normal existence and, first of all, take care of two significant factors: sufficient humidity and ambient temperature, which should not rise above 25 ° C, otherwise the mycelium will die. Low temperature is also undesirable, as it will slow down the growth and normal development of fungi.
Among other conditions, the growing room should be adequately lit and well ventilated.
The easiest way to grow mycelium
Pour wheat grain into a large metal container and fill it with water so that it covers the seeds a couple of centimeters higher. We put the dishes on the fire and cook for half an hour, after which the grain must be filtered and then dried, scattered on a flat surface.
Pour the dried grain into liter jars (two-quarters of the volume) and sterilize in a large bowl. When the jars have cooled down, you can put a little mycelium in each.
To prevent infection of the mycelium with harmful microbes, it is desirable to carry out all manipulations under the light of a quartz lamp.
The first signs of mycelium in the form of white fluff will appear on the fourth day, and after a week the mycelium can be sown on straw and mushrooms can be grown. The main thing in this business is desire and patience.
You can read more about how to grow champignons at home.
Interesting facts about mushrooms and mycelium
It turns out that mushrooms are on average 90% water.
Mushroom mycelium has the ability to use as a nutrient medium even such toxic substances as oil or E. coli
Fungi DNA is different from most plant DNA and is closer to human DNA formula
In terms of amino acid content, mushrooms are ahead of plants such as peanuts, soybeans, beans and even corn.
In nature, there are more than 70 varieties of mushrooms that grow in complete darkness. The fact is that these types of mushrooms are able to produce light using bioluminescence, so in ancient times people used them to illuminate at night.
Mushrooms, like human skin, are able to produce vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
More than 80% of all land plants are similar to fungi, since the roots of most crops are similar to mycelial hyphae
There is a symbiosis of plants and fungi, in which mycorrhizal endo fungi penetrate directly into the root of plants, forming mycelium in them. Thus, mycelium helps many crops to strengthen immunity, fight pathogens of various diseases, and also absorb water, phosphorus and other nutrients from the soil.
An antibiotic called penicillin was derived from a fungus ( lat. Penicillium)
The largest mushroom on the planet is the honey mushroom in the Blue Mountains (Oregon). It covers an area of about four square miles (!) and, according to some experts, its age is over 8,000 years old.
Mushrooms really never grow alone and always grow in large colonies on fallen trees or stumps. These mushrooms lend themselves perfectly to artificial cultivation, and in order to create your own mushroom “bed”, you just need to buy mushroom mycelium and prepare a suitable growth environment for it.
What you need to know about growing mushrooms from mycelium
Those who plan to grow honey mushrooms on their plot should, first of all, pay attention to the garden itself or the plot on which their colonies will grow.
Honey mushrooms are relatively unpretentious mushrooms, although some effort must be made for artificial germination. But it must be borne in mind that after the nutrient medium has exhausted its resources (we are talking about a tree stump on which they are planted), then subsequently the mycelium can move to nearby trees. How to prevent it:
- Arrange logs with future colonies again as far as possible from cultivated trees or fence them off with a partition, preferably not a wooden one, since it will soon “bloom”.
- You should harvest on time (remove the most mature mushrooms from the stumps, whose hats began to straighten in the manner of an umbrella) before the spores flew.
- Dig a small groove around the future plantation, although this is also only conditional protection.
According to those whose yard is naturally infected with these mushrooms, they do not bring much harm to trees. People simply harvest and use mushrooms for their intended purpose.
The second condition is that it is desirable that the groundwater on the site pass relatively high. In this case, the lower edges of artificial stumps with honey agaric colonies will constantly be fed with dampness, which will greatly accelerate their growth. Otherwise, you will constantly have to shed the soil manually.
Wood for laying mycelium mushrooms
Most of all, the mycelium likes old trees, already dead, but not rotten. With pleasure, they grow on lying trunks. It would be best, armed with a chainsaw, to drive into the forest and file small logs of fallen aspens or birches. They are favored the most. Just pay attention to:
- wood has not been eaten by bark beetles;
- there were no myceliums of other fungi on it (whitish fibers were absent under the bark);
- it was free from moss and lichen;
- it was soaked in moisture.
Blocks of freshly cut trees are also suitable, but they will first have to be artificially soaked for a long time in a container of water. In addition, a tree that has already been impregnated and has slightly begun to warm up, when moisture gets on it, absorbs it very well, which cannot be said about fresh logs. They will have to be irrigated many times longer.
Preparation of logs
Blocks for replanting mycelium mushrooms should be sawn off no more than 60 cm long. Until the middle of such a low column, moisture will be easily absorbed from below from the ground. From above, the log will receive moisture from irrigation and from a special hole, which will be discussed later. It is advisable to choose trunks with a diameter of at least 20 cm, but in general, the larger, the better.
Next, prepare holes for sealing sticks with mycelium. They are drilled on each log in a checkerboard pattern, on average, the distance between the holes along the length of the log should be at least 15 cm, along the circumference - at least 10. Here, too, the more the better. Sometimes colonies can grow to such an extent that they begin to interfere with each other.
The drill should be slightly larger in diameter than the stick with mycelium, and the depth of the hole should be 1 cm longer. After these holes need to be strengthened - extended with a thinner drill (so that the stick with mycelium does not pass into it), almost to the center of the log. This will speed up the growth of the fungus. When drilling holes, it should be borne in mind that each log will be buried in the ground to a depth of at least 15-20 cm. There should be no holes with mycelium in the ground.
Laying sticks infected with honey agaric mycelium
The bookmarking process is as follows:
- Lay the logs prepared for planting on a clean surface (polyethylene or a clean concrete floor) so that dirt does not get into the holes during the embedding process.
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling chopsticks.
- Position the sticks with mycelium in the holes until they stop.
- Pour a teaspoon of potato starch diluted in water, prepared at the rate of 40 g of starch per 1 liter of water, into each hole - this will spur the development of mycelium.
- Next, the hole should immediately be sealed with wooden pegs specially prepared for this. Some gardeners advise covering them with garden pitch.
Now the logs with embedded mycelium are ready for installation in the garden.
Laying logs infected with mushroom mycelium
Logs are buried in the ground to a depth of at least 15 cm so that moisture from the ground is more effectively absorbed into the tree. After installation in the upper plane in the center, a hole should be drilled with a drill 10–20 mm wide to a depth of 10–20 cm. Thus, the water poured into the hole will be faster and better absorbed into the upper part of the log.
How to care for a mushroom garden
To prevent moisture from evaporating so quickly from the ground and from the logs, you can cover the “plot” with a layer of straw. The peculiar greenhouse effect created from this will favorably affect the development of the mycelium. It is only worth keeping the condition of the straw under control. It is advisable not to let it rot, and as soon as traces of mold appear on it, it should be replaced with a new one.
Leaving, basically, consists in watering the soil and sprinkling the pillars. The fact that the logs begin to dry out can be seen visually. But don't wet them too much either. Excess moisture can cause the mycelium to develop less efficiently and yields will be low. You should bring out the golden mean for yourself and strictly observe it.
It is also worth remembering that the "mushroom plantation" should be in a shaded place. Experienced gardeners are advised to completely observe how mushrooms ripen in natural conditions. Then it will not be difficult for you to create a similar atmosphere for them.
As soon as the first whitish signs of mycelium appear, you can remove the straw, but it is worth monitoring the moisture all the time, even during the ripening of mushrooms. Sprinkling is carried out mainly in the period from 12 to 17:00, but with the condition that by the evening the upper parts of the logs, with the exception of the water hole and washed down, be dry.
Conclusion
If everything is done correctly, the mycelium will definitely grow, and next summer will be truly mushroom for you. Although some varieties of honey mushrooms, unlike, for example, autumn mushrooms, can develop much faster.
It remains only to say a few words about the time of planting mushrooms in the open field. Experts advise to produce it in the spring, when nature wakes up from winter. It is at this time that tree trunks are most suitable for planting. They are saturated with moisture, useful substances. Pests have not yet woken up, pathogenic bacteria are not so active. All this at times increases the chances of a healthy and rapid development of the mycelium.
Today I would like to talk about how to grow oyster mushrooms. Everyone knows perfectly well that oyster mushrooms and champignons are mushrooms that we buy in supermarkets, because they are sold fresh. Why not try growing them yourself? You don't have to be a mushroom grower to do this. It will be enough to follow a certain sequence of actions and you will succeed.
So, if you are seriously considering growing oyster mushrooms, then you need to purchase mushroom mycelium. Fortunately, now there should not be any problems with this, since you can also make a purchase on the Internet, and there are plenty of companies that grow mushrooms, sell them and sell everything that is necessary for growing. If you are a beginner mushroom grower, then 1 kg of mycelium will be enough, let's say for an experiment. Perhaps something will not work, not like it, why overpay? Mycelium should be stored at a temperature of + 2-4 ° C, for which a refrigerator is quite suitable. Let's start with the preparation of the substrate.
Preparation of the substrate for oyster mushrooms?
To prepare the substrate, you can use various components (raw materials), namely: corn cobs, barley or wheat straw, buckwheat husks, sunflower. So, for example, when using straw, it must first be crushed so that the substrate is as dense as possible, because in nature oyster mushrooms grow on trees. Naturally, the material for the substrate must be clean, there should not be any traces of mold. About 10 kg will be enough.
The probability of contamination of the substrate with various harmful organisms can be reduced to almost zero by first subjecting it to heat treatment. The substrate is poured into a container of sufficient volume, completely filled with water and boiled for about 2 hours. After this treatment, we drain the water and let the substrate cool down to 25-28 ° C. Speaking of humidity: the substrate should be moist, but not so much that water flows from it.
We form blocks from the substrate
The next step in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms is the formation of blocks, since mushrooms are grown with their help. The blocks are usually plastic bags stuffed with substrate. We divide our 10 kg in half, i.e. 5 kg for two packages. Again, do not forget about disinfection - we place the bags for a couple of hours in a solution of bleach (1-2%). Next, we form packages - our future mycelium: we fill them with layers of substrate and mycelium. The substrate layer is 5-6 cm, mycelium is 0.5 cm on top, and so on until we fill the bag. The top layer is the substrate. After filling, we tie the bag and make holes 1-2 cm long like a chessboard after 10-15 cm.
Incubation period - oyster mushroom ripening
Once the packages have been prepared, they should be placed in the proper conditions. The incubation period is about 2-3 weeks. Indoors, it is necessary to maintain the temperature in the region of + 18-22 ° С. In addition, you need to provide ventilation (several times throughout the day). It is necessary to take measures to combat the flies. Adhesive tapes usually do a good job of this. During the first few days, the substrate will heat up. The main thing is to monitor the temperature in the bags: it should not be higher than +30 °C. Otherwise, the mycelium will simply disappear. To reduce the temperature, you can use the same fan, because we are not talking about growing oyster mushrooms on an industrial scale. During this period, lighting is not necessary. After 10-12 days, the mycelium will grow completely throughout the substrate, which will look like a homogeneous mass.
Fruiting oyster mushroom
The next stage is fruiting, which we all have been looking forward to. If you have reached this process, then you can draw conclusions about the correctness of the work done. However, fruiting is not yet harvesting, so the following series of actions must be performed:
We reduce the temperature in the room to + 10-15 ° С;
in contrast to the incubation period, lighting for 8-10 hours using fluorescent lamps will now be required;
increase air humidity to 90-95%;
the room should be ventilated about 4 times a day.
How to grow oyster mushrooms?
Many may wonder - how to maintain the required humidity? To do this, you can spray both the floor and the walls with water, while avoiding the ingress of water onto the substrate itself. If all conditions are met, then in the near future it will be possible to observe the appearance of small fungi, although it is still difficult to call it mushrooms. The fruiting period is about two weeks. Since in recent days the caps have increased significantly in size, this period is considered optimal for harvesting. It is worth noting that mushrooms need to be twisted out of the substrate, and not cut off, as many are used to. This also applies to picking mushrooms in the forest. The fact is that when cutting the mushroom, harmful organisms penetrate through the remaining leg, which damage the mycelium.
After you collect the first crop of oyster mushrooms, the room is well ventilated and then we are waiting for the second crop. Time is about two weeks. As for the subsequent conditions for growing oyster mushrooms, they remain the same as those previously described. Up to 4 crops can be harvested from such “mushroom mushrooms”, with the first two being the most productive. After the fourth harvest, the contents of the bags will have to be replaced, unless of course you want to continue growing oyster mushrooms. As can be judged from the material described above, growing oyster mushrooms is not particularly difficult. In fact, mushroom growing is quite an exciting activity, because it's nice to see mushrooms grown by one's own hands on your table.
