Basic moral values \u200b\u200bof a person. Moral and ethical values \u200b\u200b- what are their essence? Moral education of schoolchildren

Spiritual values \u200b\u200bof a person are a set of concepts and principles that a person adheres to and which is ready to defend. The first concepts are formed in childhood under the influence of loved ones. The family forms the child's concept of the world around him and teaches good or bad behavior.

What are the principles

Values \u200b\u200bare divided into material and spiritual:

money, a collection of expensive goods, jewelry, luxury goods, etc .; are considered material;
spiritual values \u200b\u200b- a combination of important for the individual moral, moral, ethical and religious concepts. These include love, respect, friendship, creativity, honesty, devotion, peacefulness, understanding. The concept “spiritual” comes from the words “spirit”, “soul”. This is evidence that the spiritual qualities of people should be appreciated.

Any individual to one degree or another depends on material wealth. But you cannot put material well-being above spiritual principles.

Priorities change with age. This happens under the influence of the people around and the events that have occurred. At preschool age, children value friendship, parental love, and they do not care what material objects surround them and whether their friends are rich. At school and adolescence, boys and girls pay attention to the level of wealth of their own and other people's parents. Often, spiritual and moral principles fade into the background. At an older age, the realization comes that money cannot buy trust, love, honesty, and moral values \u200b\u200bbecome priorities. It is important from an early age to instill in children kindness, the ability to understand and empathize.

Types of moral ideals

Types of spiritual and moral values:

Life-meaning. They reflect the worldview of the people and their attitude to their culture. They also shape the personality and help determine the attitude towards the people around them and the whole world.
Moral. These values \u200b\u200bgovern relationships between people. These include the concepts of kindness, politeness, mutual assistance, honor, loyalty, patriotism. Thanks to moral concepts, a well-known saying appeared: "Do with people the way you want to be treated with you."
Aesthetic. This kind of value implies peace of mind. It occurs when the individual has realized himself and is in harmony with himself and the world around him. Aesthetic values \u200b\u200binclude the notions of the sublime, the beautiful, the tragic and the comical.

Basic spiritual concepts

Kind people are happier than others, because by doing good, they bring joy and benefit to the world, help others. Good deeds are based on compassion, selflessness, and a desire to help. Such people are respected and loved.

the beauty

Only a talented person is able to see beauty in the world around and convey it to others. Beauty inspires creative people to create works of art. Many painters, poets, artists and musicians are trying to find this important landmark.

True

This value leads to self-knowledge and the search for answers to important moral questions. Truth helps people separate good from evil, sort out relationships, analyze their actions. Thanks to the truth, how humanity has created a code of moral laws and rules of conduct.

Art

Art makes a huge contribution to personal development. It encourages you to think outside the box and reveal your inner potential. Thanks to art, the circle of interests of an individual expands and allows one to develop spiritually, to see beauty. Artists throughout history have contributed to culture and everyday life.

Creation

This spiritual need helps a person to realize individual talents, develop and strive for high. Creativity contributes to the manifestation of abilities for the good of society. Creative figures are inclined to transform the world, they move towards new things, think broader and more productively, leaving behind:

cultural monuments;
literature;
painting.

All these things together affect society and encourage other people to develop and not stand still. In everyday life, creative people help progress to transform the world around us.

Love

This is one of the first moral guidelines that a person encounters. Parental, friendly love, love for the opposite sex gives rise to many emotions. Other values \u200b\u200bare formed under the influence of love:

empathy;
fidelity;
respect.

Existence is impossible without it.

Spiritual values \u200b\u200band concepts play an important role in the life of each individual and nation as a whole, accompanying them throughout life.

Moral values, ethics of humanism constitute the core of the humanistic worldview. The space of moral relations is exceptionally vast; it embraces all spheres of a person's inner world and all areas of his external social relations. Always and everywhere a person can or should strive to behave morally, although we are far from always absolutely sure of the beneficialness of our moral deed or that we did the best, since we often make a choice between different moral values, inevitably bringing some of them are sacrificed to others.

The catalog of moral values \u200b\u200bis composed of those realities and actions that we not only evaluate, but approve, i.e. we evaluate as kind, kind, good, etc. It includes the qualities of humanity, which constitute the position of the individual, the natural basis of his morality, as well as moral principles and norms of behavior, which are determined by the qualities of a person. P. Kurtz in Forbidden Fruit. Ethics of Humanism ”offers the following catalog of general moral norms: honesty, truthfulness, commitment, sincerity, loyalty, loyalty, reliability, benevolence, benevolence, not causing harm to other people, not harming private or public property, consent to sexual relations, benevolence, decency, gratitude, responsibility, fairness, tolerance, cooperation.

The most general category for designating moral values \u200b\u200bis the category of good (good), which covers the entire indefinitely large set of actions, principles and norms of moral behavior. One of the most difficult questions of critical ethical research or ethical reason is the problem of the origin of the nature of good, moral. In this regard, questions about the origin of the ethical are debated: Is it given to people from above?

Naturally or a priori (from birth) inherent in man? Is it generated by society or is it grafted into it by it? In addition, the question is raised whether there are any general moral principles that go beyond individual, national and cultural characteristics and are inherent, in principle, to all people? Can we consider their status as objective, i.e. independent not only of man, but also of society and even God (as Socrates would say)?

Ethics of humanism is inclined to answer affirmatively to the question of the existence of general moral principles. Thus, according to Kurtz, “there is a core of principles that we recognize as binding. We can apply the definition “general” to these “rules” only insofar as we are talking about the most fundamental and widespread principles, while at the same time not recognizing this quality for many other layers of moral principles open to further critical examination. I ... believe that, of course, there are basic moral principles that should regulate relations between civilized individuals and which have penetrated deeply into social traditions.They are supported by habit and custom, fulfill the functions of law and are even considered sacred in various religious views ... they can be learned in an authentic way and have objective grounds. These principles can be substantiated in the course of rational discourse and based on practical ethical wisdom. "

Humanistic ethics is aware of the fact that ethical principles are formed in society and in this sense have a social origin and existence. General ethical norms mean both social norms and, in essence, are equally understood and evaluated by the prevailing majority of people, the same for everyone and for everyone. At the same time, the natural prerequisites of the ethical in man are no less important for understanding the genesis and nature of morality. A person can initially be ethical, since from birth he contains a huge moral potential, a kind of matrix of an immense multitude of moral inclinations, inclinations, opportunities, etc. From this point of view, society may not be able to awaken and develop even their thousandth or millionth part. However, all these questions relate to purely theoretical areas, to the meta-ethical level, at which few people can feel quite comfortable (like on the top shelf of a steam room): logicians, analytical and linguistic philosophers, specialists in the field of normative ethics and other abstract thinkers.

The style of thinking and the psychology of humanism, in which there is a measure of healthy skepticism and practicality, at some point feels the need to withdraw from theoretical disputes, motivated by the fact that they tend to be endless, i.e. threaten to turn into a bad infinity, that black hole into which our intellectual and moral energy will flow. Humanism, without abandoning critical research, assumes here some kind of restriction, "suspension", looking back and restraint, being guided by practical wisdom, common sense, sobriety and even some stoicism as humility with the fact that talking here not only will not solve practical problems moral, but it is also easy to replace the very reality of the moral in man and the reality of objective good with the reality of theoretical discourse.

Personally, I believe that the main thing for a humanist is to proceed from the already potentially or actually existing humanity of each person, as the most promising and reliable point of reference, the beginning in which and from which here and now the formation, disclosure, functioning and development of moral feelings and thinking, where the constitution and enrichment of the world of moral values \u200b\u200band moral improvement of man begins. No matter how great the role of the environment, nature, society and, possibly, other external realities in human life, it is he who is the most obvious carrier, subject and creator of moral realities. A matured person who has become is capable of radically changing priorities. As an independent being, he is capable of endlessly mastering, cultivating and doing good. And in this sense, to be an active, leading, target principle, in relation to which everything else: society, nature, other substantial realities, can at best act as a condition, environment and means for a person.

One of the important forms of practical proof of the actual, rather than genetic, moral and ontological priority of a person is his moral improvement.

If the overwhelming majority of our moral actions can be conditionally compared with speed, then moral ascent can be likened to acceleration, since here we are not talking about the "number" of good deeds we do, but about the quality of the ethical in a person. There are many ethics that not only prescribe a certain catalog of values \u200b\u200band norms of behavior for the individual, but also the principles of improvement. Among them, for example, the ethics of love, the ethics of humility (non-violence), the religious ethics of redemption and salvation, etc. They all offer perfection, respectively, in love, humility, service, prayer, etc.

Humanism does not offer an ethics that is fixed and focused on any one moral value, ethical principle or positive quality of a person. In short, the ethics of humanism is the ethics of humanity. But humanism seeks to supplement such a definition with a kind of perspective of self-actualization, dynamics. Therefore, humanistic ethics can be called the ethics of free and meaningful self-determination, self-realization, improvement, the ethics of ascent, the ethics of humanistic achievements, the ethics of human creativity as the creative improvement of human humanity.

The field of humanistic perfection is inexhaustible. It consists of self-improvement and improvement of social moral relations. In addition, it includes the improvement of moral aspects in relations with nature, the unknown and nothing, i.e. offers the possibility of moral improvement in all real and possible trans-substantial communications. Perfection, the very pursuit of it, is the absolute imperative of humanity.

Absolute because it expresses the central quality of a person - the quality of being, being as such, in the depths of its absoluteness, a non-relative being, causa sui. Everything that is not substantial is incapable of improvement, more precisely, of self-improvement. The ascent of man demonstrates, proves to him and to others his absoluteness and its dynamism. Improvement is a manifestation of the substance and absoluteness of a person. In the sphere of morality, it acquires the features of a personal moral absolute imperative. But if perfection is associated with the absoluteness of the personality, then perfection is a synthesis of the realization of this imperative, the uniqueness of the individual and the objective conditions for improvement.

In other words, if cultivation is in a certain sense absolute, then perfection is unique and relative. The standards of ethical excellence are not absolute and objective, but relative and subjective, since their center is immersed in the personality. Perfection is always the perfection of a particular person, although it can be expressed in some kind of completely objective achievement, say, setting a world record in high jump. Excellence is associated with the level of talent and personal development. It is possible to achieve perfection in those areas of human life, which by the majority may be considered as of little value, however, for a person, achieving perfection in this, and not otherwise, can be the most important way of self-affirmation and a source of a sense of moral ascent and achievement.

Improvement is not the privilege of the aristocrats, the lucky or the elite, but the prerogative of any person. As Kurtz rightly observes, “Human life, if it is lived with dignity, is amazing and wonderful in itself. It is a sublime and distinguished life that is like a blossoming chestnut tree or a majestic lion. We must understand what it means to really be human, and not blindly believe in genius or holiness - after all, we are all only human. "

However, if the uniqueness of a person and the peculiarities of the conditions of his existence are imprinted in perfection and therefore perfection is relational and every time unique, then improvement, any improvement, has some common features. The main ones are: achievement, consistency and creativity. All of them are included in the content of moral improvement as an important ethical value. There is no perfection without achievements, as they are the actual indicators of its results. Consistency is also an important factor here, since accidental success or reassurance on what has been achieved cannot be considered as signs of ascent and perfection.

Creativity is equally essential for improvement, i.e. search for a new result, a new path to it, the discovery of a previously unknown, original in the course of improvement. In some cases, it does not matter whether it is “the invention of the bicycle” or “the discovery of America,” it is important that the person did it himself, made a creative breakthrough for himself and others.

Since improvement is such a value process that involves a fairly large number of human qualities and values \u200b\u200bin its orbit, it is necessary at least to list them so that our concept of improvement is more complete and more specific. If we are talking about self-improvement, then this process involves autonomy, the ability and ability of a person to manage his own life. To be autonomous means to be free, independent, self-sufficient, courageous, courageous, energetic and strong-willed.

For perfection, rationality is no less important, without which it is impossible to organize, manage, or carry out this process of ascent. Reasonableness is modified in this context and as sanity, prudence, prudence. Further, it is self-discipline, which, in contrast to rationality, is mainly addressed not to the intellectual, but to the volitional and emotional area of \u200b\u200bthe inner world of a person. Together with intelligence, it is able to organize and direct all the forces and abilities of a person in the best way to achieve the goals of self-improvement. The ethics of excellence also includes self-esteem, which consists of an understanding of the value of the self, self-esteem, naturalness and necessity of self-love, self-support, sober, reasonable and critical self-confidence. But, I will emphasize again, perhaps the most striking feature of the ethics of self-improvement is creative creativity, which can strengthen, develop and "inspire" all the other positive qualities and values \u200b\u200bof a person with its success. De facto, the ethics of cultivation is not aristocratic, but rather democratic, or, more simply, humanistic. It does not imply any kind of exclusivity and privilege and is available to everyone.

Its characteristic features are some quite general, widespread and simple human qualities: internal and external activity, motivation, i.e. internal interest, craving and interest in something or someone, affirming (affirmative) character, optimism, some at least minimal gaiety and a healthy sense of joy and aesthetics of life. All these qualities not only set in motion and support the process of improvement, but also receive in it and from it return impulses, allowing a person to live a rich and, possibly, luxurious moral, mental, intellectual, emotional and physical life.

Self-improvement, thus, is able to cover a very wide range of internal and external human life: from courage and heroism to joy and fun, from self-discipline and "torment of creativity" to a sense of true satisfaction with one's achievements. But all this is only one side of perfection. The other side of it is revealed as perfection in relations with other people and society. Many moral and other qualities and values \u200b\u200bof a person make sense there and in so far as and where we enter into communication and find ourselves involved and included in the reality of our own kind and society.

Communication itself is a fundamental human quality and need, and human communication is an integrative human value. A huge number of values \u200b\u200bare not subjective, not monologous and are not closed exclusively in the inner world of a person. If only because, as norms and results, they are usually general in nature, are shared and approximately equally understood by all, i.e. they are trans-subjective. Others simply do not exist outside of society. In general, the communicative qualities of ethical excellence coincide with many of the humane qualities recorded in the corresponding section. The most significant of them are: honesty truthfulness, sincerity, loyalty, benevolence, tolerance, sympathy, respect, caring, decency, ability to dialogue, cooperation and restraint. Without them, it is difficult to imagine the processes of developing humane communication and ascent in this sphere of human existence.

A special value of moral improvement, which has the character of an intermediate-final state, well-being and self-esteem, filled with the experience not so much of the value of what has been achieved, as the value of achievement, is the state of moral catharsis, purification or purity - that luxurious and rare gift that we are able to present to ourselves and which we do sometimes deserve. Moral catharsis is a moment that reflects the real state of the personality, and not its mystical or illusory states. Of course, there is nothing selfish about this feeling. This is a fresh breath of air, a sigh on a mountain peak on the eve of a new ascent or a worthy meeting of that great unknown, a meeting with which, apparently, is inevitable for each of us.

1. Moral duty as an expression of moral necessity, its

dealing with professional duty.

2. Conscience is a form of moral self-assessment. The meaning of conscience in

professional activities of a lawyer.

3. The place of moral duty and conscience in professional

activities of a lawyer.

1. Moral duty as an expression of moral necessity, its

dealing with professional duty

The growing importance of morality in society leads to an increase in the importance of ethics as a science of morality, various types of professional ethics as areas that study the features of the application of general principles and norms of morality in certain professional groups.

The emergence of professional ethics is due to the specific socio-economic conditions of the development of society, the material and spiritual needs of people. The primary cause was the social division of labor, the emergence of various types of activities, professions.

Morality is a system of historically defined views, norms, principles, assessments, beliefs, expressed in the actions and actions of people that regulate their relationship to each other, to society, a certain class, state and supported by personal conviction, tradition, education, the strength of public opinion of the whole society , a certain class or social group. The criteria for our norms, assessments, and beliefs are the categories of good, evil, honesty, nobility, decency, and conscience. From such positions a moral interpretation and assessment of all social relations, deeds and actions of people are given.

Another definition of morality is given by S.A. Komarov: Morality (morality) is views, ideas and rules that arise as a direct reflection of the conditions of social life in the minds of people in the form of categories of justice and injustice, good and evil, commendable and shameful, encouraged and condemned by society, honor, conscience, duty, dignity, etc.

Duty is a moral task that a person formulates for himself on the basis of moral requirements addressed to everyone. This is the personal task of a particular person in a particular situation.

Duty can be social: patriotic, military, doctor’s duty, judge’s duty, investigator’s duty, etc. The duty is personal: parental, filial, marital, comradely, etc.

The employees of the courts and prosecutors can successfully fulfill their functions only when they deeply understand the social significance of their activities and have a high sense of duty, are ready to complete, despite all difficulties and obstacles, to fulfill it. A judge, prosecutor, investigator cannot put up with violations of laws, human rights, the interests of society and the state.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, judges are independent and are subject only to the Constitution and the law. The bodies of the prosecutor's office, within the limits of their competence, exercise their powers independently of the bodies of state power and administration, public and political organizations and movements and in strict accordance with the laws in force in the territory of the Russian Federation. Independence and subordination only to the law presupposes their strictest observance by judges, prosecutors, and investigators. Here, the requirements for lawyers have always been increased. Acting in the eyes of society in the role of guardians of the rule of law, they must show an example of strict observance of it. Violations of the law by his defenders undermine faith in his inviolability and authority.

Important moral requirements follow from the principle of independence and obedience only to the law. A judge, prosecutor, investigator does not have the right to yield to local influences, be guided not by the requirements of the law, but by instructions, advice, requests, etc. individuals or institutions, no matter how high the rights they have.

Exercising their functions in the interests of the entire people in the name of fulfilling their will, expressed in the law, the judge, prosecutor, investigator are guided by the law, their moral principles, and their conscience.

A judge, prosecutor, investigator are personally liable for the legality or illegality of their actions and decisions, their fairness or injustice, the benefit or harm caused by them, without the right to refer to someone else's order, instruction, instruction or advice. They are morally responsible both to the state, society, other people, and to their conscience.

A feature of the professional activity of a lawyer is the publicity of its implementation or results, control of the public, public opinion, their assessment of the fairness, morality or immorality of the activities of professional participants in legal proceedings.

In the eyes of society, a judge, a prosecutor, an investigator is an adamant guardian of legality, driven only by a sense of duty, who does not allow compromises, deals with conscience, does not yield to any influence and serves only the law and justice. But to act in this way, it is not enough to hold a certain position and know the laws. There is also a need for appropriate moral qualities that make it possible to firmly stand guard over justice, in spite of any influences.

A judge, first elected to office, takes an oath (see Article 8 of the Law on the Status of Judges in the Russian Federation), and by which he solemnly swears to be impartial and fair, as the judge's duty and his conscience tell him to.

2. Conscience is a form of moral self-assessment. The meaning of conscience in

professional activity of a lawyer

Conscience is sometimes called the other side of debt. Conscience is a self-evaluating feeling, an experience, one of the oldest intimate and personal regulators of human behavior.

Conscience is a category of ethics that characterizes a person's ability to exercise moral self-control, internal self-assessment from the standpoint of compliance of his behavior with the requirements of morality, to independently formulate moral tasks for himself and demand from himself to fulfill them.

Conscience is a subjective awareness of a person's duty and responsibility to society, other people, acting as a duty and responsibility to oneself.

A sense of conscience protects a person from evil, vicious, stimulates nobility, responsibility - people often appeal to their own conscience and to the conscience of others, assess themselves and others, using the concepts of "clear conscience", "bad conscience", "asleep conscience", "conscientious person "," shameless "," remorse "etc.

The role of conscience is especially important when a person is faced with a moral choice, and external control by public opinion is either excluded or difficult.

A lawyer, conducting proceedings on a case or performing other functions, acts in a sphere affecting the vital benefits of people, encounters many collisions, finds himself in front of the need to make responsible decisions, often in difficult moral situations. And only employees with a developed sense of conscience, who are able to correctly, self-critically and fundamentally judge their motives and actions, can effectively fulfill their high mission and maintain the prestige of their profession and personality.

The activities of a lawyer are carried out in the field of social and interpersonal conflicts. For example, in criminal proceedings, it is conducted about a crime in order to bring to justice the perpetrator, to restore the rights violated by the crime. The activities of the court - justice affects the interests of many people, often directly opposite. The judiciary is called upon to fairly resolve various and complex issues, not only when someone has violated the criminal law and should be punished, but also when a conflict situation arises in any other area regulated by law. This is the legality of a strike, and the legality of closing a print publication, and the legality of an act of the executive or command authority, and disputes over property, and the lack of agreement between parents about who the children remain with in case of divorce, etc.

People who are entrusted with the resolution of social and interpersonal conflicts in accordance with the law bear increased moral responsibility for their actions and decisions. Moral problems always accompany people in the legal profession. It follows from the foregoing that the peculiarities of the legal profession determine the need for the existence of legal ethics.

3. The place of moral duty and conscience in professional

activities of a lawyer

Professional ethics generalizes, systematizes, scientifically substantiates the principles, norms and other elements of morality, proves the rationality and progressiveness of some and subjects others to scientific criticism; promotes the education of people, helps them to purposefully develop such moral ideas, principles and norms, feelings, beliefs, ideals, habits and qualities that meet the tasks of their behavior, including professional.

And, finally, the professional ethics of a lawyer is a set of moral ideas and attitudes that are manifested in the behavior of representatives of a certain social group of society - lawyers, conditioned by their belonging to this profession. Moreover, along with the general norms of moral relations in any professional activity, legal ethics formulates additional requirements and norms arising from the qualitative uniqueness of the legal profession.

Ratinov and Zarkhin argue that “each profession imposes on its representatives special moral obligations that complement general moral principles, and in some cases limit their effect ... Judicial ethics is defined as the teaching of specific moral standards of service and off-duty behavior of professional participants in legal proceedings: judges, prosecutors, investigators, lawyers. Along with the general provisions for them, some rules relating to the life and work of representatives of only one or another legal profession do not coincide. "

Moral values — these are moral and ethical principles that we believe to be correct and important. Among them: love for one's neighbor, compassion, honesty, decency, self-control, nobility.

Thus, how we behave, what priorities we set, how we treat people, and also what kind of moral guidance we give our children depends on our moral values.

However, despite all their importance, moral values \u200b\u200bare in decline today. In today's world, more and more emphasis is placed on power and money. It is believed that if you have money, you have everything!

But how can money buy true love, respect, compassion and kindness?

MORAL DECLINE

In 2017, researchers conducted a survey in which several hundred young people were interviewed in order to find out what they think about moral values. The results of the survey were disappointing, for the reason that there were practically no moral principles in the thinking and conversations of the respondents.

Most considered rape and murder to be evil. If it was not about such extremes, they didn’t think about what was good and what was bad, even when it came to drunk driving, spiritual indifference, or adultery.

One girl put it this way: "I don't really care what is right and what is not." Many adhere to the view: “Do what you see fit. Obey your heart. " But is this approach correct?

Although the human heart is capable of sincere love and compassion, it is nevertheless “insidious ... This sad fact is reflected in the moral climate prevailing in modern society. Realization of this should prompt us to think: do we have moral guidelines that many of us lack today?

Moral guidelines can be compared to a compass, which, in order to show us the right way, must be checked: is it adjusted in accordance with sound moral guidelines? But where can such landmarks be found?

TRUE VALUES

Only moral values \u200b\u200bcan bring people true satisfaction and happiness. Let's take a look at the qualities of love, kindness, generosity, and honesty.

Lovetopeople. One book notes: "If you have learned to love, then happiness itself will knock on your door." People need love. Without her, they cannot be truly happy. When such love is lacking in a family, everyone suffers, especially children.

This is not about sensual love and not about sentimentality, but about love based on principles. It is she who encourages us to disinterestedly help strangers.

The Bible also did not ignore the theme of love. It says: “Love is long-suffering and kind. Love is not jealous, not boastful, it does not boast, does not behave indecently, does not look for its own, does not get irritated, does not keep track of offenses, does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices in the truth, endures everything ... endures everything firmly. "

The urgent need for a "global ethics"

One journal noted that human survival “may depend on human acceptance of global ethics. Probably the most universally recognized universal moral law is the "golden rule", which is: "Do everything with people as you want them to do to you."

The insidious enemy of love is materialism, or the idea that material goods and pleasures have the greatest value in life. Surprisingly, scientific research has repeatedly shown that when a person reaches a rather modest level of well-being, further enrichment no longer makes him happier. People oriented towards hoarding, in fact, accumulate disappointment in themselves, because those who love wealth will never get enough of them.

Kindnessandgenerosity. In the materials of one research center at the University of California at Berkeley (USA), it was noted: “Wouldn't it be wonderful to walk into a store and buy happiness for life? And this is not such a ridiculous idea as it might seem. But on one condition: if we buy something for others. " Why? Because we become happier not when we receive, but when we give. It turns out that a person experiences more happiness from what he gives to others, and not from what he receives himself.

Often the best form of giving that brings the greatest joy is when we give ourselves, our time, and energy to help others. Moral values \u200b\u200bmake us better.

The most famous postulates of moral values:

"Love your neighbor as yourself."

"Do not return evil for evil to anyone."

"Forgive one another generously if anyone has reason to complain about the other."

"The root of all evil is the love of money."

The writer Charles Warner wrote: "One of the most beautiful laws of life is that by sincerely helping another, you always help yourself."

Honesty. This quality is at the core of any civilized society. Dishonesty, on the other hand, breeds fear, mistrust, and undermines social fabric.

In fact, true honesty, like the other qualities we have considered, is a character trait. An honest person is honest under all circumstances, regardless of whether it is beneficial to him or not.

Finally, I would like to wish you to multiply moral values \u200b\u200bin yourself, because it does not depend on money, but on moral values \u200b\u200bhow our world will be not only today, but also tomorrow, and therefore what kind of legacy we will leave to our children.

We all live in society, interact every day with many people: relatives, colleagues, and just strangers: passers-by on the street, in public places - shops, cafes, cinemas. To make this interaction as comfortable as possible, society has adopted certain rules of behavior, which are usually called public morality. On the one hand, it is clear that if each individual does exclusively what he wants, regardless of the convenience of others, life in the society of such people will become much more complicated and even dangerous. How calm can you exist if you don't know what to expect from others? Therefore, moral standards are a protection for people. On the other hand, public morality in some issues is often a stumbling block, and sometimes there are those who declare themselves free from all morality. We usually call such people immoral, socially dangerous, and sometimes they deserve to be called villains or tyrants.

If morality is a certain framework, norms by which humanity regulates relations within society, and they, as a rule, are duplicated in the legislation of any civilized country, then moral values \u200b\u200bare what each person is guided by when he behaves this way and not otherwise. These are the lighthouses that people are guided by in their life path. Well, or they are not guided - here, of course, options are possible.

How are moral values \u200b\u200bof each person formed? Initially, of course, they begin to take shape in the family. It is the relatives who tell the baby what is good and right, and what cannot be done. The moral feelings of preschoolers are formed according to the accepted moral standards in the family - and they can be different depending on the social status, country of residence, religion and many other aspects. Children at this age still do not question what adults have said, they are guided by the behavior of their parents and elders, therefore, a certain foundation of morality is laid even then.

The child grows up, goes to school, begins to communicate with classmates, with teachers. The time comes when it is the authority of peers that can determine the behavior of a student. As a rule, this happens in adolescence, and to one degree or another affects any, even the most "correct" and domestic guys. The fact is that at such a turning point, the child is not yet able to focus on inner freedom and his own desires and concepts, it is more important for him not to differ from his peers, and his parents and teachers, it seems to him, only limit his freedom.

The influence on the formation of moral convictions and rules of conduct continues into adulthood. The environment at the institute, at work, and, finally, the endless stream of information from TV screens, from the Internet - all this simply cannot be ignored, and this undoubtedly determines the framework of what a person considers permissible and what is inappropriate. Middle-aged and older people for the most part consider their moral principles to be unshakable, which cannot be said about the younger members of society. If drug addiction, for example, or child abuse is condemned now in the same way as decades ago, then the attitude towards some other vices has become more tolerant.

The morality of the bulk of society in the country is such a parameter, the importance of which should not be underestimated. It determines the spiritual state of an entire nation, and this is closely related to its security and demographic situation, and, ultimately, to the level of well-being of the people.

Now the overwhelming majority of countries that consider themselves civilized are guided by building a humane society, that is, one in which human life is the highest value. The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the individual in a humane society is based on the idea that all people have equal rights and have an equal degree of freedom. The concept of spiritual and moral education of the personality of a citizen of Russia is based on the same foundation. Despite the fact that in our country in recent decades there has been a significant change in values, the basic, highest spiritual and moral values \u200b\u200bremain unshakable. Whatever the political system, whatever changes occur in society, I want to believe that values \u200b\u200bsuch as kindness, justice, mercy, honesty, love, family and loyalty will always be valued above all else. It is these concepts that fill the human soul with light, make a person happy.

No matter how valued in modern society strength, power, wealth, in the depths of their souls everyone understands how shaky it all is, how superficial it is, while true values \u200b\u200balways remain with a person, because they make a person a superior being, worthy of respect. It is especially noticeable who is worth what in difficult conditions for survival. Only a personality with an inner core, clearly understanding what is good for him and what is evil, is able not to lose his human appearance in such a situation.

When moral degradation occurs, a person is doomed to death, because for him there are no more guidelines, meaning and fulfillment of life. In the end, the true meaning in life appears only when a person benefits, when he is needed: to loved ones or at least to himself. Even ancient philosophers came to this conclusion. They argued that it is not fear of punishment that will most surely restrain a person from doing a bad deed, but conscience - the most severe judge.

The well-known statement of the German philosopher Hegel: "Morality is the mind of the will" remains true to this day. Every day we make a choice: to act, one way or another - guided by our own internal attitudes. Moral and ethical values, which we are guided by, are the limitation of our freedom, according to them we control our actions. What is important in this case, what is above our desires? As a rule, choosing a line of behavior, a moral person will weigh not only the degree of his desires, but also harmonize them with the extent to which the result of his behavior will affect the freedom, well-being, and mood of another person. Moral behavior is behavior adjusted so as not to harm one's neighbor, because personal freedom, as you know, ends where the freedom of another person begins.

Sometimes it is very difficult to make a choice, precisely because it is difficult to calculate and weigh the possible consequences. And any act of a human being can be interpreted in completely different ways. There is black and there is white, and, as you know, there are a great many shades. It is easy to condemn some action that seemed cruel or frivolous, without knowing all the nuances. It is worth starting to understand deeper - and moments are revealed that make you think and understand that everything is not so simple. Therefore, a moral person not only himself will never act to the detriment of another person, but also will not allow himself a sharp condemnation of another. Of course, there are actions that are absolute evil, no matter how you look at them. They are usually associated with violence, murder, mass destruction of people, but now we are not talking about that, but about those manifestations of morality that we meet every day.

Religion is the bearer of moral norms, and it cannot be underestimated, because it also regulates human relationships and the norms of everyday behavior, and not just a person's attitude to God and the church. In most world religions, God is the embodiment of goodness and justice, and the basic commandments are the most important landmarks in life: do not kill, do not steal, do not bear false witness, do not commit adultery. Perhaps, at the moment when there is a certain shift or substitution of values, the role of religion in the life of society increases - it helps to unite people, is a fulcrum in an unstable world. Morality and religion, of course, are closely related to each other, but at the same time, history knows many examples when the most monstrous evil was done under the slogan "God pleases".