During pregnancy, a woman can get any infectious disease, including tonsillitis. Any ailment caused by an infection can adversely affect the development of the fetus. Obstetricians have long known that even with an asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic course of the infectious process in a woman, the pathology in a child can be significantly pronounced. This is due to the intensive reproduction of fetal cells, as a result of which they become more sensitive to the damaging effects of microorganisms and their toxins.

A feature of infectious diseases in pregnant women is the impossibility of using many drugs, since they have a teratogenic effect (proven to affect the fetus) or are poorly understood.

In its development, the fetus goes through stages corresponding to the laying of organs, their development and final differentiation. In terms of timing, these periods conditionally correlate with the trimesters of pregnancy. Consider how angina can affect the fetus at different stages of its growth, as well as the features of the treatment of this disease in each of the trimesters.

First trimester

In the first months of pregnancy, a woman has a greater risk of getting a sore throat than usual. This is due to intense hormonal changes, behavioral changes, pregnancy toxemia. During this period, a woman visits medical institutions more often, where she is exposed to contact with patients.

At the same time, she continues to work, as a result of which she experiences additional stress. Her need for proteins and vitamins increases, which is not always satisfied. As for immunodeficiency, it is not as typical for pregnant women as it is commonly believed. The parameters of immunity in a healthy patient are most often within the normal range.

Manifestations in a woman are typical: the temperature rises quickly, a sore throat appears, signs of intoxication develop.

The causative agent of the disease does not directly affect the fetus. Dangerous are its toxins released into the blood of a woman during inflammation. In addition, hypoxia (lack of oxygen and nutrients) develops during illness.

If a woman falls ill with a sore throat in the first days of pregnancy, the death of a fertilized egg or embryo is not excluded. In later periods, the formation of the placenta is disturbed, primary placental insufficiency develops. Subsequently, it can transform into secondary insufficiency, which is characterized by fetal hypoxia, delayed development, premature birth and other complications of pregnancy.

Fetal deformities can even form if exposure to toxins was at particularly important points in time for the laying of a particular organ. For example, there is a violation of the development of the brain (micro- or hydrocephalus), intracranial calcification ("ossification"), heart defects, impaired limb formation.

The first trimester is the most dangerous in terms of abortion, diseases and fetal development disorders due to diseases in the mother.

Second trimester

If a pregnant woman gets a sore throat in the second trimester of pregnancy, then the most common complication she will have is placental insufficiency. As a result, the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus is disrupted, it grows more slowly and develops worse.

In some cases, under the influence of toxins, the developing eyes of the unborn child, chorioretinitis, are observed, in the future this complication can lead to blindness. The fetal liver also suffers, the spleen enlarges.

Polyhydramnios often develops, spontaneous abortion is not excluded, especially when several adverse factors are combined (for example, pregnancy against the background of TORCH infections).

third trimester

In the last months of pregnancy, angina has less of an impact on the developing baby. First, his organs are already largely formed and are not so defenseless against toxic substances. Secondly, a well-formed placenta plays a protective role. Thirdly, the fetus itself is already able to respond to some influences by developing its own protective factors.

However, a sore throat transferred in the third trimester can lead to placental insufficiency, fetal growth retardation and premature birth.

On the other hand, the woman herself suffers the most. More often there are early complications: paratonsillar abscess, otitis media, sinusitis and others. The development of late complications is not excluded: damage to the heart, joints, kidneys.

Treatment of angina during pregnancy

Self-treatment of angina when carrying a child is unacceptable. Having discovered the first signs of this disease, a woman should observe bed rest and call a doctor at home. She can't go to the clinic.

Main activities:

• daily routine and diet;
• local antiseptic preparations;
• , antipyretics, painkillers;
• vitamins.

Mode and nutrition

During the period of fever, strict adherence to bed rest is necessary. After the temperature has dropped, the state of health has improved, the patient can move around the apartment, but not engage in any vigorous activity. You need to know that for at least 10 days after recovery, a woman is still a source of infection. Therefore, she should limit close contact with children, the elderly, debilitated people, or wear a medical mask.

It is advisable to drink more fluids. Suitable green tea, rosehip broth, unsweetened dried fruit compote, weak black tea with lemon, warm milk. Nutrition should be high in calories, especially during the recovery period. If a woman cannot eat because of a sore throat, she should eat broth, sour-milk products, but not more than 1-2 days, and then switch to regular food. It is better to cook dishes for a couple or bake, liquid cereals, pureed soups, steam cutlets, vegetable puree are useful.

Antibacterial therapy

Amoxiclav approved for use

Not all antibiotics can be taken with angina during pregnancy. In the first trimester, their list is extremely limited. The doctor may prescribe drugs from the penicillin group (phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin), including amoxiclav, which is more resistant to bacterial enzymes. All 4 generations of cephalosporins are approved for use, for example, cephalexin, cefaclor, cefotaxime, cefepime.

Macrolides, in particular, azithromycin, can also be used in the treatment of pregnant women. A short course of administration makes this remedy one of the drugs of choice for angina in pregnant women. In severe cases, with the development of purulent complications, carbapenems, such as meropenem, can be used.

Antibiotic treatment always carries a potential danger to the fetus and mother, so they should be prescribed by a good specialist who can see the line beyond which the undoubted benefits of antibiotics begin to become less harm caused by these drugs.

Unfortunately, the most studied and safest phenoxymethylpenicillin to date does not always help with angina. This is due to the development of microbial resistance to this drug.

Antiseptic preparations for local use

To speed up recovery, relieve symptoms, reduce the risk of complications, a pregnant woman with angina should use local preparations: sprays, inhalations, rinses. Here is a list of the most effective and safe medicines.

Furacilin- an antimicrobial agent that is active against staphylococci, streptococci and other most common pathogens. It is available in tablets and in solution. To prepare a solution of furacilin, you need to dissolve 2 tablets of the drug in a glass of boiling water, cool and gargle several times a day. It is more convenient to use a ready-made solution.

Chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine- antiseptic, cleanses and disinfects the tonsils, removes purulent plaque from them. Produced in the form of a ready-made solution. For gargling, you need to use a solution at a concentration of 0.05%. If a higher concentration is indicated on the package (0.2% or 0.5%), before use, such a solution should be diluted with warm boiled water in a ratio of 1:4 and 1:10, respectively.

Miramistin- a highly effective modern antiseptic, fully approved for use in pregnant women. It comes in a convenient bottle with a nozzle that sprays the drug deep into the throat. Such irrigation can be carried out several times during the day.

Ingalipt- an antimicrobial drug that also contains thymol, eucalyptus and mint oils. In addition to the antibacterial action, it has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Available in a convenient spray form that is easy to apply to the affected tonsils.

Chlorophyllipt- an extract from eucalyptus leaves, a natural preparation with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral effects. Available in the form of a solution for rinsing, an oily solution for lubricating the tonsils, as well as in the form of lozenges.

You can supplement local therapy with gargles with infusion of chamomile, calendula, lime blossom and other herbs with a disinfectant effect.

It is not worth taking such decoctions inside, since their effect on the body of a pregnant woman can be unpredictable.

Other drugs

A pregnant woman can take paracetamol to reduce fever. With severe sore throat, severe inflammation and swelling, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, ortofen. And, of course, the patient must take the prescribed vitamins.

Angina, or acute tonsillitis, is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the palatine tonsils. During pregnancy, this condition can occur at any time, including just before childbirth. Is angina dangerous for pregnant women? How to treat acute tonsillitis in the third trimester?

Causes

The development of angina in pregnant women can go in two ways. With exogenous infection, pathogenic agents penetrate into the body of the expectant mother: viruses, bacteria, fungi. A sick person with obvious manifestations of a sore throat, runny nose and sore throat will stop as a source of infection. With endogenous infection, the activation of its own microflora and the occurrence of inflammation on the tonsils occur. The latter option is implemented in women suffering from chronic tonsillitis.

Among bacteria, the causative agent of the disease is most often b-hemolytic streptococcus group A. This microorganism has one unpleasant property. Penetrating into the respiratory tract, it not only provokes local inflammation, but also causes autoimmune reactions. Antibodies are formed that attack the internal organs and nervous system of a person. After suffering streptococcal tonsillitis, rheumatism, glomerulonephritis and other no less serious complications may develop.

In addition to streptococcus, staphylococcus and yeast-like fungi can become the causative agent of the disease. Often, the examination reveals a mixed bacterial flora. In young women, enteroviruses and adenoviruses can become the culprit of angina.

The development of angina is promoted by banal hypothermia and the use of cold drinks. Against this background, the most favorable conditions for the development of viruses and bacteria are created. Natural immune suppression also plays a role in the development of acute tonsillitis. The disease often occurs even in those women who, before conceiving a child, did not encounter anything more serious than the usual SARS.

Symptoms

Signs of angina during pregnancy do not have specific differences:

• increase in body temperature;
• chills, weakness and other signs of intoxication;
• sore throat, aggravated by swallowing, opening the mouth, talking;
• soreness of regional lymph nodes.

The disease always begins acutely with a rise in body temperature and chills. Often, the development of angina is preceded by a runny nose and other symptoms of SARS. A few hours later, a sore throat, dryness, and perspiration join. Lymph nodes in the neck enlarge and become sharply painful. The severity of the manifestations of angina will depend on its form, as well as on the general resistance of the woman's body to infections.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, angina is rather difficult to tolerate. The growing uterus constantly presses on the diaphragm, leading to shortness of breath. The woman's breathing is difficult. Many expectant mothers in the later stages complain of nasal congestion (pregnancy rhinitis). Against this background, sore throat and high body temperature significantly worsen the general well-being of a woman, lead to increased shortness of breath and make normal breathing difficult.

Complications of pregnancy

High body temperature with angina adversely affects the condition of the expectant mother. Severe intoxication can lead to a premature start of labor and the birth of a baby prematurely. Termination of pregnancy in the third trimester can also be caused by uncontrolled intake of antipyretic drugs. For a period after 24 weeks, any antipyretics can only be used at a body temperature above 38.5 ° C and under the supervision of a physician.

Bacterial or viral angina in the third trimester can cause such complications:

• premature birth;
• polyhydramnios;
• placental insufficiency;
• fetal hypoxia and delayed development.

The formation of various defects of internal organs in the III trimester does not threaten the baby. In most cases, with timely treatment, angina proceeds safely and practically does not affect the health of the fetus and newborn.

Treatment Methods

A sore throat with a high temperature is a reason to see a doctor. The local therapist is engaged in the treatment of angina. Many antenatal clinics have their own doctor specializing in the management of pregnant women with various extragenital diseases.

Drug therapy for angina includes:

1. Taking antibacterial drugs.
2. Irrigation of the throat with antiseptic and antibacterial solutions.
3. Reception of antipyretic drugs (according to indications).

Antibiotics are an essential component in the treatment of bacterial tonsillitis. In the III trimester of pregnancy, macrolides are added to the already known penicillins and cephalosporins. Antibiotics from these groups are approved for use in expectant mothers and do not pose a danger to the fetus. The choice of a specific antibacterial drug is determined by the type of angina and the severity of the disease.

The course of treatment for sore throat lasts from 5 to 10 days and is usually carried out at home. Hospitalization in a hospital is indicated in such situations:

• deterioration of the woman's condition against the background of ongoing therapy;
• tonsil abscess and other complications;
• violation of the condition of the fetus (decrease in motor activity, changes in CTG);
• development of pregnancy complications (threat of premature birth, signs of fetal hypoxia, etc.).

With a viral infection, antibiotics are not prescribed. To increase the overall reactivity of the body, interferon inducers (Viferon and other drugs) are used. To maintain immunity, do not forget about taking multivitamins and rational nutrition.

Local antiseptic preparations are used for severe sore throat. In the third trimester, the list of approved drugs is quite large (Lizobact, Miramistin, Geksoral, etc.). A good effect is given by gargling with a decoction of calendula, chamomile, a solution of furacilin. To facilitate nasal breathing, rinse the nose with saline solutions every 2-3 hours. At night, you can use vasoconstrictor drugs (no more than 3-5 days in a row).

1. Drink more fluids. Warm drinks relieve sore throat and relieve the condition.
2. Avoid hot, acidic drinks, spicy foods and spices until you are fully recovered. These products injure the oral mucosa and slow down its healing.
3. Stay in bed if your body temperature is high.
4. Don't forget to ventilate the room.
5. Use humidifiers to create an optimal microclimate.

Childbirth with angina usually takes place through the natural birth canal. The reason for a cesarean section can be a significant deterioration in the condition of the woman and the fetus, as well as the development of complications. If necessary, the treatment of angina continues in the postpartum period.

Angina in late pregnancy does not threaten the development of the child, since his organs are almost completely formed. This infectious disease threatens the development of serious complications and the expectant mother. A woman carrying a child should be treated very seriously in the treatment of this disease so as not to provoke an aggravation of her condition, hypoxia, premature birth or stop the development of the child.

Causes of sore throat in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

1. Rubbing the body with water acidified with lemon juice or apple cider vinegar. The procedure accelerates heat transfer and sweating, which makes it possible to effectively lower the temperature.
2. Applying a cabbage leaf or cold compress to the forehead. These methods do not represent any harm to the child, but it is preferable to use the first option. A cold compress applied to a hot forehead can provoke vasospasm, which adversely affects the condition of the expectant mother.
3. At a temperature that has reached very high levels, it is recommended to drink herbal tea from plantain leaves taken in 3 parts, oregano and raspberries in 2 parts and coltsfoot 4 parts. A tablespoon of this mixture is brewed with a glass of boiling water and consumed after cooling. Hot herbal tea for tonsillitis is strictly not recommended to drink.

If they did not help reduce the temperature, the expectant mother can resort to traditional medicine. In it, the list of antipyretic drugs safe for pregnant women is limited. Its dosage for a woman carrying a child is 1 tablet. It is permissible to take the medicine no more than 3 times a day, always after meals. The break between their receptions should be at least 8 hours.

Nutrition, drinking plenty of fluids and the regimen of the patient during the period of treatment

During pregnancy should be varied and complete. The diet of the expectant mother should be saturated with vitamins and microelements necessary during this period. The optimal food is considered to be easily digestible high-calorie food that can saturate the body of a pregnant woman for a long time.

It is best if the expectant mother will use:

• chicken broths with pureed vegetables;
• cereals with dried fruits;
• vegetable and fruit purees;
• lean meats and fish;
• "live" dairy products.

These dishes can saturate the body with all the necessary substances. The drinking regimen should be enhanced with herbal teas and compotes made from dried fruits. But drinking in the last stages of pregnancy should still be in moderation, no more than 2 liters of fluid per day, so as not to cause edema.

Prohibited methods of treating angina in the third trimester of pregnancy

When treating angina in the third trimester, you should be especially careful about the methods of therapy used. Some therapeutic measures can have a negative impact on the intrauterine development of the child, so their use is strictly prohibited for expectant mothers.

The following activities negatively affect the course of pregnancy:

• treatment of inflamed tonsils with iodine-based drugs can provoke problems with the thyroid gland in a newborn;
• the use of alcohol compresses, mustard plasters, pepper patches, steam inhalation and hot foot baths often lead to abortion.

Of the medications that are strictly prohibited for women in position, antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone or tetracycline series and Aspirin can be distinguished, which in the 1st trimester and in the last stages can provoke an abortion. Unacceptable folk remedies include sage, which increases uterine contractions and helps reduce progesterone in the blood, and linden flowers, which increase uterine tone and provoke premature birth.

Possible complications of angina during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

Patients with an acute form of tonsillitis, who are in position, often ask about the consequences of refusing medical treatment of the disease. Experts note the increased danger of such an approach. The consequences of angina during pregnancy in the third trimester are very serious. The lack of therapeutic measures for purulent forms of the pathological condition can cause septic poisoning.

Doctors note the following complications of angina, possible in the last stages of bearing a child:

• increased toxicosis;
• the onset of premature labor;
• hypoxia and fetal growth retardation;
• occurrence of placental insufficiency.

Worth knowing!Also, angina during pregnancy in the third trimester will adversely affect the mental development of the child. Children may develop various mental disorders after birth.

It is imperative to treat an infectious inflammatory process that has affected the larynx of a pregnant woman. It is very important that all therapeutic measures take place under the direct supervision of the therapist and gynecologist. In addition, pregnant women are advised to strengthen the immune system and follow preventive measures, which will reduce the likelihood of developing tonsillitis.

Informative video

Angina is an infectious disease of the tonsils, which is most often caused by streptococci, transmitted by airborne droplets. What to do if you get a sore throat in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy? Of course, to be treated. How - we will talk about this later.

Angina during pregnancy in the 3rd trimester is accompanied by severe sore throat, as well as aching joints, high fever, lack of appetite and general malaise. The disease is characterized by the appearance of a white coating on the tonsils and reddening of the throat. Depending on the type of angina, its symptoms may differ. In general, the disease can be of several types: lacunar, catarrhal, and also follicular.

If a sore throat occurs in the last months of bearing a baby, the expectant mother should immediately consult a doctor. The doctor will conduct an examination, establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe a treatment that is as safe as possible for the pregnant woman and her child.

How to treat a sore throat during pregnancy in the 3rd trimester

Treatment of angina during pregnancy in the 3rd trimester is carried out by complex methods that the doctor chooses. In the treatment can be used:

1. Antibiotics. Despite the fact that they are contraindicated in pregnant women, the disease cannot be eliminated in another way. Therefore, the doctor must choose the drug that is most safe for the pregnant woman.
2. Rinses and inhalations. For these purposes, various herbal decoctions, antiseptic solutions, etc. can be prescribed.
3. Proper nutrition. A young mother needs a balanced diet by definition: this is necessary for the proper growth and development of the baby. During the period of an infectious disease, she may also be advised to exclude spicy and sour foods from the diet, that is, foods that irritate the mucous membrane.
4. Abundant drink. During the period of illness, you need to drink tea with milk and honey, ordinary water. Fruit drinks and water or tea with lemon are contraindicated.

The doctor will tell you how to cure a sore throat during pregnancy in the 3rd trimester. It is imperative to contact him if a disease occurs, since the body of a pregnant woman is weakened, and he will not be able to cope with a sore throat on his own.

Consequences of angina during pregnancy in the 3rd trimester

What happens if angina is not treated? Especially dangerous during this period is the follicular form of the disease, which can provoke septic poisoning. Angina, in this case, can cause severe toxicosis, miscarriage, placental abruption. Also, the disease will adversely affect the development of the fetus: children whose mothers had a sore throat and did not treat it during pregnancy are born with various abnormalities and health problems.
In addition, angina can cause fetal fading.
It is necessary to treat a sore throat during pregnancy, moreover, strictly under the supervision of a doctor. Self-medication or no treatment at all can lead to very negative consequences. Take care of your health and try to strengthen your immune system. In this case, throughout the pregnancy you will not get sick.

Angina during pregnancy is quite common. This is due to a decrease in the immune defense of a woman's body during pregnancy. The body of the future mother undergoes some changes in the endocrine, reproductive, cardiovascular, respiratory systems, which leads to a partial failure in the functioning of the naming system.

A woman becomes more susceptible to infectious agents, so ARVI, exacerbations of chronic diseases are more often observed. In the third trimester of pregnancy, negative factors of exogenous and endogenous nature affect the fetus to a lesser extent compared to the first months. This is due to:

• practical complete formation of organs, systems of the fetus, so they are not so susceptible to mutations;
• good protection of the placenta;
• the development of some protective factors in the body of the fetus.

The listed types of protection do not guarantee the absence of complications. There is still a high risk of placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, and premature birth.

The progression of angina contributes to the formation of abscesses, phlegmon in the oral cavity with spread to the fiber. As a result, the risk of swelling of the neck with difficulty breathing, the development of hypoxia increases. Bleeding is possible from the blood vessels that feed the tonsils, with their purulent melting. The condition requires immediate medical attention.

Generalization of streptococcal infection leads to systemic complications. The infection predisposes to the development of rheumatic fever with damage to the valvular apparatus of the heart, joints (migratory polyarthritis), kidneys (glomerulonephritis). With sepsis, foci of infection can have different localization, for example, in the lungs, kidneys, and skin.

With a cardiac lesion, a woman is worried about angina pectoris, shortness of breath. On the electrocardiogram, with ultrasound, changes are recorded that are characteristic of valve covers, myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis.

Renal dysfunction is manifested by pain in the lumbar zone, dysuric disorders. In laboratory tests of urine, bacteria, an increased level of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and protein are recorded. Ultrasound diagnosis reveals damage to the calyces, pelvis, glomeruli of the kidneys.

The appearance of a sore throat is one of the first clinical signs that make it possible to suspect the presence of an inflammatory process in the region of the tonsils, the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Usually, the next day, malaise begins to disturb, appetite decreases, body aches appear, which is a sign of an intoxication syndrome. Fever initially does not exceed 37.5 degrees (with catarrhal tonsillitis), but can reach 39 degrees in case of purulent tonsillitis. With the progression of the disease, the pathological process spreads to the structures surrounding the tonsils, the process of chewing, swallowing, and opening the mouth becomes more difficult.

1. The catarrhal form is characterized by an increase in the tonsils due to infiltrative processes, swelling. They turn red, but do not have a coating.
2. Follicular, lacunar forms develop with suppuration of the follicles, which are visualized in the form of grains, with the accumulation of purulent masses in the lacunae. Purulent films appear on the surface of the tonsils. As a result, a pronounced syndrome of intoxication develops.
3. The ulcerative-necrotic form is manifested by the formation of ulcerative foci on the surface of the tonsils. Plaque acquires a dull, gray color, when you try to remove it, a bleeding wound remains. The process gradually covers the posterior pharyngeal wall, palate, uvula, arches.

Secondary forms of tonsillitis are also isolated, which develop as a complication of the underlying disease, for example, scarlet fever, infectious mononucleosis, enterovirus infection. Among the specific forms of angina, it is worth highlighting the fungal type, Simanovsky-Vincent's tonsillitis.

Complex therapy for tonsillitis allows you to achieve good results in a short time, thereby preventing the appearance of undesirable consequences. In order to minimize the burden on the woman's body, eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the severity of clinical symptoms, it is recommended to adhere to the following directions in treatment:

1. observance of a certain regimen of the day, nutrition;
2. fight against streptococcus;
3. reduction of the inflammatory process, lesions of the tonsils;
4. prevention of febrile hyperthermia;
5. strengthening immunity.

Now let's take a closer look at what is included in each item of treatment.

Compliance with the regime

Due to the fact that the immune system of a pregnant woman is weakened, he needs strength to recover, so tonsillitis during pregnancy requires bed rest for up to 10 days. During this period, the pathogen circulates through the bloodstream, so there is a high risk of complications.

Adequate antibiotic therapy allows you to cope with the pathogen in a shorter time, but the body still needs time to recover.

During the acute period, a woman can infect other people, so the use of a medical mask is recommended.

Drinking plenty of water allows you to accelerate the elimination of toxic substances released by pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, the concentration of toxins decreases, the severity of the intoxication syndrome decreases, which leads to a decrease in hyperthermia.

The drinking regimen may include compotes, juices, jelly, fruit drinks. Enveloping properties of jelly prevent further damage to the tonsils, stimulate regenerative processes. In addition, it is worth noting that a full-fledged drinking regimen prevents dehydration of the body associated with increased sweating, shortness of breath.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, the drinking volume should be calculated by the doctor in order to avoid the appearance of edema.

The "pregnant" period, especially after 6 months, is often characterized by edematous syndrome. This is due to the compression of the veins and lymphatic vessels by the enlarged uterus, which makes the outflow of blood from the lower extremities difficult. The size of the uterus shifts the intestines, which causes constipation in a woman, and pain in the lumbar region is due to an increase in the load on the spine.

As for the nutritious diet, a woman is forbidden to follow strict diets, since the body must receive enough nutrients to replenish energy reserves and increase immune protection.

During the period of illness, chicken broth, vegetable, fruit juices, light salads are recommended. Solid, fatty, fried, spicy foods, coffee, carbonated drinks should be excluded from the diet.

In addition, a pregnant woman must:

• avoid stress;
• enough time to sleep, rest;
• ventilate the room regularly.

In the treatment is prohibited:

• independently remove films from the surface of the tonsils, which predisposes the spread of infection, the formation of an open wound;
• use procedures involving high temperatures, such as hot compresses, showers, footbaths;
• the use of antibacterial agents without prior agreement with the doctor, as well as the premature completion of antibiotic therapy.

Early discontinuation of antibacterial agents leads to reactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, which is manifested by the return of clinical symptoms. It is worth noting that in this case it is advisable to prescribe antibacterial agents of another group, since the pathogen could already develop resistance to previous medications.

The danger of incomplete antibiotic therapy is the preservation of streptococcus in the body, the risk of developing serious complications against the background of mild symptoms.

Treatment of angina involves the use of antibacterial drugs necessary to eliminate the infectious agent. In the case of catarrhal sore throat, systemic antibiotics can be dispensed with, provided early diagnosis, the beginning of an intensive therapeutic course.

If a sore throat occurs, a pregnant woman should immediately start gargling with antiseptic solutions.

Timely initiation of therapy allows you to stop the spread of infection, reduce the inflammatory process. Even if it turns out that this is a common pharyngitis, rinsing will only benefit.

Purulent forms of tonsillitis require the appointment of antibiotic therapy, taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen. Streptococcus is usually the cause of angina, so drugs are used that have a detrimental effect on it.

• Penicillins, for example, Flemoxin, Augmentin, Amoxiclav. They are quite widely prescribed for pregnant women, as they do not have a negative effect on the fetus.
• Cephalosporins (Cefalexin, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime). They are prescribed in the absence of effect, intolerance to penicillins. Not toxic to the embryo.
• Macrolides (Sumamed, Erythromycin) are used in a short course in the absence of the possibility of using the above antibiotics. There is a low risk of side effects, however, in agreement with the doctor, they can be prescribed.

We emphasize that not all antibacterial agents are approved for use in pregnant women in the 3rd trimester:

1. Doxycycline, tetracycline - easily penetrate the placenta, disrupt the exchange of minerals, deposited in the tooth germs, bones, liver.
2. Fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin) after overcoming the placental barrier damage the articular structures (cartilage, ligaments, bones).
3. Macrolides (clarithromycin, roxithromycin) are toxic to the embryo.
4. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin) when penetrating the fetus affect the kidneys, hearing organs, which leads to deafness.
5. Co-trimoxazole (biseptol), when taken in high doses, overcomes the placental barrier, leads to the formation of heart defects, mutations.

It is possible to act directly on the pathological focus using solutions for topical use. Thanks to regular rinsing, irrigation of the surface of the tonsils, it is possible to prevent the spread of infection and reduce inflammation.

Rinsing should be repeated every 2 hours, alternating with irrigation of the tonsils, resorption of tablet forms of drugs with antimicrobial action. Of the safest, widely used antiseptic solutions, we highlight the following.

1. Furacilin is an antimicrobial drug that has a detrimental effect on streptococci, staphylococci. To prepare the solution, dissolve 2 tablets in a glass of hot water, cool, use to gargle. Also, the drug is sold in a ready-to-use form.
2. Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic that allows you to cleanse the tonsils of microbes, purulent films, and reduce inflammation. For rinsing, a ready-made solution of 0.05% is used. If another concentration is indicated, dilution with boiled water is required before use.
3. Miramistin is a modern antiseptic with high efficiency. For the convenience of irrigation of the tonsils, the bottle is equipped with a special nozzle.
4. Ingalin is available in the form of a spray, solution, consists of an antiseptic, eucalyptus oil, mint. In addition to antimicrobial action, it has an anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect.
5. Chlorophyllipt is an extract from eucalyptus leaves. It has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial action. Releases in the form of a solution, spray, tablets.
6. For resorption, tablets Lizobakt, Faringosept are prescribed.

From folk recipes, a solution of soda, salt (1 tsp each) per glass of water is used. In the absence of an allergic reaction to iodine-containing drugs, you can add 2 drops of iodine. Rinse twice a day.

Fever control

Angina during pregnancy is often accompanied by hyperthermia. If the temperature reaches 37.5 degrees, a woman is recommended to drink plenty of water, warm showers, wiping the body with a dilute solution of vinegar.

When the temperature exceeds 38 degrees, in addition to the above measures, it is necessary to take antipyretic drugs. Antipyretics should not contain aspirin.

Prolonged febrile / hectic hyperthermia leads to hypoxia, fetal growth retardation, fetoplacental insufficiency, and premature birth.

Prevention of tonsillitis involves strengthening the immune system, preventing a decrease in immune protection even at the stage of pregnancy planning. Angina during pregnancy is quite common, but women should try to avoid it. What is needed for this?

• A preventive course of therapy for chronic diseases before pregnancy, which will reduce the risk of exacerbation of the pathology, which reduces immune protection.
• Treatment of infectious diseases at the stage of pregnancy planning.
• Healthy nutrition provides sufficient intake of vitamins, proteins, fats, carbohydrates into the body of the future mother, fetus. Due to this, the development of the embryo takes place according to the gestational age.
• Complete rest, sleep.
• Reducing the influence of stress to prevent hormonal fluctuations.
• Regular airing of the room, wet cleaning, use of a humidifier.
• Walks in the park area, trips to the forest, to the sea to change the climate, strengthen immunity.
• Dosed physical activity, for example, water aerobics.
• Clothing should be appropriate for the weather, which will avoid hypothermia, the negative effects of drafts, and getting wet in the rain.
• Compliance with culinary technologies, which prevents the development of toxic infection, dysentery, salmonellosis. It is also recommended not to visit unverified catering places.
• Personal hygiene, frequent hand washing.
• Using a medical mask when talking to a sick person.
• It is necessary to avoid mass gatherings of people, especially during periods of an epidemic.

Finally, I would like to note that a regular preventive examination by an obstetrician-gynecologist makes it possible to diagnose pathology in a timely manner. Timely treatment is the key to a mild course of the disease, preventing the development of severe complications.