Mainz Cathedral (Mainzer Dom) Mainz is the capital of the German state of Rheland-Palatinate. This city is rather small for Germany, it is home to about 190 thousand people. There are many places of interest left over from the Romans, who ruled these lands for a long time. Mainz is an important railway junction in southern Germany and can also be reached from Frankfurt Airport, located 30 [...]

City - the capital of the German state Ryland-Palatinate... This city is rather small for Germany, it is home to about 190 thousand people. There are many places of interest left over from the Romans, who ruled these lands for a long time.

Mainz is an important railway junction in southern Germany and can also be reached from Frankfurt Airport, 30 km away. The city has a developed road system; besides, you can rent a bicycle here.

Mainz is dominated by a maritime climate, the hottest months are July and August, when the air warms up to +23 C, and the coldest months are December and January, in which the temperature drops below zero.

IN Old town many antique shops, souvenir shops, restaurants, bars and bistros are concentrated. The market opens every Tuesday, Friday and Saturday in the market square. Mainz is also home to a large shopping center Am brandshopping destination, several large department stores and many retail stores.

Among the sights of the city, the main interest is, which was built at the end of the X century in the Romanesque style and combines elements of the Baroque and Gothic, as well as church of St.. Stefan (Stephanskirche)with blue stained-glass windows by Marc Chagall.

Mainz is connected to the federal states of Hesse and Wiesbaden bridge Theodor Heuss Rhine, which, like many other bridges across the Rhine, was destroyed during the war and later rebuilt, and is now one of the main tourist attractions in Mainz.

It will also be interesting to visit the building Town halls 1970s, which was designed by Danish craftsmen using tons of Swedish marble to build the façade.

Mainz central square - Schillerplatzsurrounded by fountains is a favorite spot for pleasant evening walks. In addition, tourists love to stroll along the Rhine embankment, breathing the sea air, admiring seagulls, ducks and a variety of water transport. On holidays, all kinds of attractions and carousels are installed on the embankment.

Mainz is home to the famous inventor of European typography Johann Gutenberg, which is why this city houses its museum, which displays a reconstructed printing house and handcrafted gutenberg press.

Also in the city is a unique one, which exhibits 5th century Roman warships discovered during the construction of the Hilton.

Every year in Mainz, a carnival is held, within its framework, many parties, parades, costume shows and other entertainment are held. The culmination of the carnival season is the night festival Johannisnachtheld in summer.

At Christmas, Mainz traditionally organizes the Christmas market, which welcomes customers during the month before the holiday on weekdays.

In late summer and early autumn, the city hosts annually wine festival.

Mainz Germany

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I love the city of Mainz. I love him for many reasons. After all, it is a great honor for every person who writes at least a little bit to visit the city where the German first printer Gutenberg was born, who had a tremendous influence not only on European culture, but also on world history. In a city filled with students, my soul grows younger. And how can you not visit the local carnival, which are legendary, because the scale of the celebration is known far beyond Mainz.
I love this city. And you will fall in love with it, you just have to stroll through the streets of the Old Town or drink fine local wine.

How to get there

Despite the fact that the city does not have an airport and there are no direct land transport flights, the road to Mainz is not so difficult.

By plane

The closest city that you can fly to (there is no airport in Mainz) is (Frankfurt am Main). It took me about 3.5 hours from Moscow to travel (direct flight). I paid about 200 EUR for the ticket (Aeroflot Russian Airlines, Airberlin, Lufthansa). A flight to Frankfurt will cost about 150 EUR more (direct flight), but the travel time is almost the same (Lufthansa). Flight prices can be viewed.
The city of banks (as they call Frankfurt) has two airports: Hahn and Central (Airport Frankfurt am Main). The first one captivates with the cheapness of tickets, but you need to be prepared for the fact that the travel time to Mainz will be longer: you fly to Hahn airport, then wait for the bus to Mainz. The bus timetable is available. Just 70 minutes from Hahn Airport, about 13 EUR out of pocket and you are in Mainz.

How to get from Frankfurt am Main to Mainz

If the way to Mainz lies through Frankfurt Central Airport, then you just need to get to the Bankov station (Hauptbahnhof) and change to the desired train to Mainz (the schedule can also be found using the website above). From Frankfurt am Main airport to the railway station, the most convenient and fastest way is by train. The trip will take from 20 to 30 minutes, and the price is from 8 to 13 EUR (depending on the type of train: high-speed or regular S-Bahn). Following the signs at the airport, you can easily walk to the platform where you can take the desired train.

From the train station in Frankfurt to Mainz, you can use the bus services or the travel companion service (if you don't like trains). Have you heard of the latter? On the Internet, you can find the option that is right for you. And now I will tell you a few details of this route.

By train

Unfortunately, there is no direct train Moscow-Mainz. We'll have to put up with it, because at best you need to get there with about 7 changes (there is a route in two days). This will take approximately 24 hours. Landing at the Belorussky railway station. Changes are expected in Brest, Terespol, Warsaw, Berlin, Hannover, Frankfurt, and only then from the city of Banks in 35-40 minutes the train will reach its destination. As a result, the issue price is about 245 EUR.

From St. Petersburg (departure Vitebsky railway station), the road will take about two days. Accordingly, there are more transfers. The same train from Frankfurt am Main will drive to the cherished goal.

By bus

The road from Moscow will take about 48 hours (Ecolines, Minsktrans) and, unfortunately, there is no getting away from transfers. Issue price - from 78 to 195 EUR (prices are approximate).

Almost the same travel time and ticket prices if the starting point is St. Petersburg. However, it should be noted that in this case there are much fewer transfers. For example, with Ecolines, transplants are only available in Riga and Frankfurt am Main. Everyone chooses the point of departure depending on which city is closer to him to get.

By car

If you decide to get your own transport, then from St. Petersburg the travel time is 25 hours (2264 km).

The road will cost you about 330-500 EUR. If you leave Moscow, then there is no big difference in time or money (2347 km).

By ferry

There are a number of companies offering river cruises, usually the starting point is Cologne or Koblenz. The steamer will rush you along the Rhine, with stops along the way (also in the city of Mainz). In order to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe prices and time of the ship in transit, I attach the relevant information.

Hint:

Mainz - the time is now

Difference in hours:

Moscow 1

Kazan 1

Samara 2

Ekaterinburg 3

Novosibirsk 5

Vladivostok 8

When is the season. When is the best time to go

Are there any significant differences between the weather conditions of Mainz and our Russians? More likely no than yes. The travel season should be determined here depending on the preferences of the season. Or, as I do: I “adjust” the trip to a certain holiday.

Mainz in summer

Summer! Do you really need a reason to see the city in the summer? If they (reasons) are still needed, then know: it is in the hot season that Mainz simply explodes with a festive mood. Practically every weekend and often on weekdays, music, carousels, bright balloons are waiting for you. A night of museums, a children's party, a Wine Day and much more, the summer program gives you a gift.

Mainz in autumn

Wine markets continue in autumn. The sun is still shining, which cheers up. Students return to school, filling city streets, cafes, bars. Therefore, if you are not afraid of Mainz filled with din and noise, autumn is quite suitable for a vacation.

Mainz in spring

I personally don't like spring in Mainz, it’s too long here. For a long time I hesitate to change warm shoes and take off my hat, because the deceptive sun can turn into a cold. Yes, and tourists at this time, the cat cried. They wait for the weather to clear up.

Mainz in winter

Everyone should visit the Christmas market at least once in their life, taste hot wine and look at the decorated streets. To do this, you should come to Mainz in December. And, by the way, in winter there is a carnival, which is considered the second most chic and beautiful after the carnival in Cologne.

Mainz - monthly weather

Hint:

Mainz - monthly weather

Districts. Where is the best place to live

There are about 16 districts in the city. However, we are interested in six - they are located near the center, a beautiful view opens up, as well as in close proximity to significant objects of the city.

Great areas for tourists, in my opinion, are Old and New Town (Neu- und Altstadt).

• IN New town settled students. The area attracts with a large number of bars and pubs. From the name it is clear that the architecture in this part is modern. The banks of the Rhine with the river port are very close, which is a huge plus for a tourist piggy bank.
• Old city - Mainz's past. The prince's castle and other architectural structures will immerse you in the past, and street musicians (there are a lot of them in this part) will complement this picture.
• Gonsenheimresembles a separate town with its own shops, cafes and shops. Luxurious villas and gardens, as well as a gorgeous forest that is nearby, give the area a special charm. By the way, this area is not home to poor townspeople.

Areas slightly inferior in geographical position (located further from the center) Hechtsheim, Laubenheim, Finthen... As for the prices, in these areas you can find a room 10-20 EUR cheaper than in the central ones (read more about prices below).

• HechtsheimIs one of the largest districts in Mainz. Urban and rural styles are intertwined here.
• Laubenheim - it is also called a small wine paradise due to the large number of vineyards that are located in Laubenheim. A huge nature reserve is located in this area, and the highest point of the landscape is 196 meters. The mountain offers a beautiful view of the city.
• Finthen - rural charm and tranquility. During the carnival, the “Joy” train is launched across the area. Anyone can take a ride through the narrow streets of Finthen.

What are the prices for rest

Housing

In a city like Mainz, you will find housing in different price categories. In order to have a clearer idea of \u200b\u200bprices, I will give a few examples.

A budget option

• Jugendherberge Mainz (Hostel), Otto-Brunfels-Schneise 4. Excellent location: between the Rhine and the People's Park (read about it below). There is a bus line nearby, making it easy to get to the city center. Issue price from 23 to 37 EUR (+ breakfast).

Medium variant

• Ibis Holzhofstraße 2. Located a few blocks from the Old Town and close to the River Rhine. Very friendly and multilingual staff. Free Wi-Fi in the lobby. Issue price from 66 EUR.

Expensive option

• Hyatt Regency Mainz, Malakoff-Terrasse 1. Located in a castle (19th century). This is the only 5-star hotel in Mainz on the River Rhine. Prices start from 180 EUR.

Food

As for food, prices for breakfast in the cafe start from 10 EUR. But you can dine for 15 EUR per person. If you don't mind wasting time cooking, then you can shop at the store. On average, 50 EUR per week for two is required.
If breakfast is important to you (I mean, for you it is art, relaxation and enjoyment of time), then there is a high probability of justifying your requests in the Old part of the city. It is here that there are about 20 cozy cafes and restaurants. For example, Alex, Altstadt Café, Barista, Café Awake, Café dell Arte.

In the New City, their number reaches only eight, and in the Upper part, only two.

A lovely warm day or evening can be brightened up with a couple of beers in the Beer Garden (Biergärten), which start their season with the arrival of warmth. Delicious food and prices: from 5 to 10 EUR.

And of course, how can you visit these parts and not try the local wine? Maine has about 39 wine restaurants. Average prices for the second from 20 EUR and more.

A list of restaurants, cafes and bistros is available.

Excursions

Small excursions, for example Gutenberg-Platz, or visiting the Rathaus will cost from 7-15 EUR per person. All excursions are available.
Of course, where to do without a tourist steam train, which departs in the morning at 10:30 (runs every 70 minutes) from Gutenberg-Platz and carries its tourists along the city. Price for an adult - 9 EUR, for children from 6 to 16 - 4 EUR. You can read more about ticket prices and the route.

If you want to ride in the surrounding towns, Mainz provides such an opportunity. You can purchase a kind of Rheinland-Pfalz-Ticket (approximately 21-39 EUR, depending on whether you bought the ticket online or directly at the ticket office), which provides an unlimited number of full day trips for 5 people in all cities of Rheinland-Pfalz, as well as Saarland and Wiesbaden.

Hint:

The cost of food, accommodation, transport and more

Currency: Euro, € US dollar, $ Russian ruble, rub

Major attractions. What to watch

I wondered for a long time what 5 places to add to this section of the article. The fact is that churches and museums are of great historical importance in Mainz. However, you will read about this below. Plus, the city is simply riddled with monuments and fountains, each of which is worthy of admiration. Not to mention the old houses!

Top 5

In general, my head was spinning, but I gathered my will into a fist and that's what came of it.

Beaches. Which is better

During the warm season, the banks of the Rhine River turn into real Hawaii: more recent jogging tracks are covered with sand, on which sun loungers and tables grow like mushrooms. Great view, delicious food - a great place to stay. However, you will not be able to swim in this urban oasis. Due to the large number of drowning, it is prohibited to swim in this part of the river. However, do not be upset, below I have prepared a small list of places where you can still swim.

Churches and temples. Which are worth visiting

In my opinion, churches are truly a work of art in Mainz. Despite the fact that their practical side has not been lost in any way, visiting the latter is more like walking through the museum hall. Therefore, it is not surprising that some churches are also museums. Both the exterior and the interior of the temples amaze their visitor.

Museums. Which are worth visiting

Before introducing the museums of Mainz, it is worth saying that since 2016 the city has been included in the list Museums-PASS-Musées- the so-called annual ticket with a bunch of privileges. The cost of the latter is 98 EUR. The card opens doors to approximately 320 museums, castles, parks in Germany, France and Switzerland. Another plus is free admission for children under one year old, and this rule also applies to five children (of any age). The coveted ticket can be purchased at the Tourist Center or at participating museums. These include Landesmuseum, Gutenberg-Museum, Naturhistorisches Museum and Bischöfliches Dom- und Diözesanmuseum (we'll talk about them below).

Parks

The city has a large number of green islets that make a great picnic spot.

Tourist streets

Significant streets and squares of the city live their bright, eventful life.

Small and large squares in the Old Town, such as, for example, Markt (Market Square) or Karmeliterplatz (Carmelita Square), from July to August they serve as a stage for various kinds of exhibitions, concerts, and also act as a dance floor for everyone.
An important link in cultural life Mainz are square Münsterplatz and Bismarckplatzlocated in the New City. It is also worth noting the station square (Bahnhofsplatz) and how without (Schiller Square), where the famous carnival takes place annually.

On the map below you can see all the main streets and squares.

What to see in 1 day

You only have one day? Well, let's try to spend a five-year plan in four years.

• 8:00 Breakfast.We need to have a hearty breakfast, because we need strength. I advise you to choose a cafe in the Old Town (one of the districts of Mainz). So you will kill two birds with one stone: have a delicious meal (the area is just replete with cozy cafes) and wander the streets of the old city.
• 10:00 Walking tour... It will take you literally one hour to see several significant objects of the city at once. Since we are having breakfast in the Old Town, it will become the starting point. Further stations are waiting for us:

• St. Quintin - Alte Universität
• Algesheimer Hof - St. Christoph
• Rathaus - Rheinufer
• Marktbrunnen - Liebfrauenplatz - Gutenbergmuseum 5. Fischergasse - Heilig-Geist - Eisenturm
• Höfchen - Marktplatz
• Gutenbergplatz - Gutenbergdenkmal - Theater
• Everything about everything will take about an hour.
• 11: 30-12: 00 Lunch. If your vacation coincided with the arrival of warmth, then I advise you to pick up some Beer Garden for lunch on the banks of the Rhine River. Firstly, you will be pleasantly surprised by the prices, not to mention the hearty dishes. Get to know the typical for Germany, but new to us, Beer Gardens. And, thirdly, how pleasant it is to swallow a meal on the river bank.
• 14: 00-15: 00 Shopping. Buying new clothes is always uplifting. Time can be used to buy souvenirs and, of course, bring your friends a couple of bottles of local wine.
• 19: 00-20: 00 Nightlife. Everyone can find something to do with their interests. It can be a bar, a disco, a cinema, or a visit to the spa with a thermal pool (read about nightlife below).

What to see in the vicinity

Despite the fact that there is a lot of interesting things in the city itself, there is something to see in the neighboring cities. Below is a small list of such places.

Food. What to try

In addition to traditional German cuisine, which you can read about in the article about Germany, I can mention two dishes related specifically to this region. It's about cheeses.

The first is Spundekäse, a cream cheese that is whipped with cream into a soft paste, served with chopped raw onions and pretzels. It tastes very soft and most often goes as a beer snack.
Handkäse is a sour milk cheese with a pungent aroma, most often marinated in vinegar and oil, then sprinkled with caraway seeds, resulting in a fancy, hard, gelatinous mass. It is also called "Cheese with Music", because after it the stomach may swell up, which will "publish music".

Of course, it is very difficult to go around all the restaurants, but it is even more difficult to single out only a few of the great variety. I can offer my own small list, but as I said, no matter where you go, there shouldn't be a huge disappointment. Therefore, feel free to open up new horizons.

Budget

• Worscht In Town (currywurst) - average price - 6 EUR;
• Burgerladen (burgers) - average price - 8.50 EUR;
• El Burro Mexican Kitchen (Mexican cuisine) - average price - 3-11 EUR;
• Taco Kidd - average price - 7 EUR;
• UDP-Mainz-Restaurante (European cuisine, seafood);
• Pizzeria Pepe (pizza).

Middle level

• Kupferberg Terrassen (European cuisine / seasonal menu) - average price - 20-30 EUR;
• Restaurant Am Bassenheimer Hof (European cuisine);
• Adagio (seafood).

Expensive

• Il Mondo (Italian cuisine) - average price - 9-31 EUR;
• Bellpepper (European cuisine) - average price - 9-45 EUR;
• Favorite die Gastronomie im Parkhotel (European cuisine) - average price - 20-48 EUR;
• Le BonBon (European cuisine) - average price - 6-59 EUR.

Holidays

Below is a list of a few more revered holidays:

• May Press Show (Mainzer Minipressen-Messe)
• May June Celebration in the Citadel / concert program (Open-Ohr-Festival in der Zitadelle)
• July Beer Festival (Bierbörse)
• July August Skate Festival (Skate Nights)
• September Interkulturelle Woche / Museum Night (Mainzer Museumsnacht)

• November December Book Fair (Mainzer Büchermesse) / Christmas Market (Weihnachtsmarkt) / AKUT-Jazz Festival (zweijährig AKUT-Festival für Jazz)

Security. What to watch out for

Let's talk about security. As I said above, the city is very young in the sense that it accommodates a large number of students. And this subculture is very sociable, especially on weekends (parties and beer contribute to this). However, the audience is unobtrusive and moderately cultured. Therefore, you can easily get rid of the uninvited interlocutor. About evening trains. To be honest, I used to boldly take the last train and, immersed in my thoughts, got home. Now I will think once again whether it is worth getting after midnight. And the point is not that security has become a lower rank, but rather it reeled in my head. Indeed, in recent years, television is simply replete with various kinds of criminal incidents (including those that happened on the train). However, I think it doesn't depend on the time of day. After all, bad deeds can be done in the morning.
As for pickpocketing, you should be more attentive to your belongings in crowded places. To be honest, no matter how much I lived in Mainz (about a year), nothing bad happened to me: I always got home by the last transport completely alone, did not sew up pockets from thieves (although I did not carry especially important things with me). However, once again to be on the alert, I think it will not be superfluous.

Things to do

There will be no problems with how to occupy your time. Starting from walking along the embankment and ending with a party on the ship. During the warm season, the beautiful Rhine River turns into a beach (read about this above) with a huge number of cafes.
Riding a catamaran or buying a ticket to the local Oktoberfest, which is held right on the ship - isn't it a great pastime? Not to mention the classic leisure activities: shopping, bars, disco.

Shopping and shops

From exclusive models to small provincial shops, Mainz gives its tourist a truly good shopping experience. Most of the shops are located in the city center. I took the liberty and created a small shopping system.
On you can not only familiarize yourself with the address of the store, the assortment, but also recognize the owner by sight in the truest sense of the word.

Extreme sports

The only thing I can tell you about is rock climbing. Read about snow sports below.

Adventure Forest in Rüselsheim ( Kletterpark Rüsselsheim) - about 90 lifting elements of various difficulty levels. Suitable for both beginners and professionals. See all details about prices and address.

Souvenirs. What to bring as a gift

I would distribute the list of souvenirs as follows:

• regional wines, liqueurs and vodka;
• cups and stickers;
• postcards, magnets, cups, board games ZDF Mainzelmännchen;
• Hats, scarves, key rings, bottle openers, lighters, coffee mugs, beer glasses and stickers 1. FSV Mainz 05 (local football club);

• umbrellas, bags with the image of the city;
• paper and ink of the famous son of the city - Gutenberg;
• mainz noodles.

How to get around the city

Mainz is a relatively large city. Therefore, it is not surprising that transport links are very dense. Trams, buses, trolleybuses and numerous taxi services are at your service.

To say unequivocally - choose a bus or a tram - is wrong. Depending on the purpose of the destination, it is worth choosing a transport. For example, I like trams: they are less dependent on city traffic, so they run faster. However, there are areas where it is more convenient to get there by bus.

Unfortunately, Mainz has been like a battlefield in recent years - road works have wreaked havoc on city traffic. The constant delay of transport has become the norm. Of course, the time is very short - 5-10 minutes, but in Germany, a country where everything works clearly and specifically, even 5 minutes start to frustrate.

A ticket (for any type of transport) can be purchased both from the driver and from the machine. The latter are often located at the bus stop itself, or you can go to the railway station. There is also a service for buying a ticket online.

Ticket prices vary depending on distance and type of ticket. Children under 6 travel free of charge. Child ticket is valid from 6 to 16 years old.

Regular ticket (valid one way):

• Short way (if the journey takes about 20 minutes) - 1.60 EUR;
• Zone A (up to 90 minutes) - 2.70 EUR;
• Zone B (up to 2 hours) - 5.80 EUR;
• Zone C (up to 3 hours) - 12.10 EUR;
• Zone D (up to 5 hours) - 15.00 EUR.

Day ticket (valid for 24 hours)

• Zone A (up to 90 minutes) - 6.80 EUR (+ additional person 3.20 EUR);
• Zone B (up to 2 hours) - 13.90 EUR (+ 3.70 EUR);
• Zone C (up to 3 hours) - 23.60 EUR (+ 4.20 EUR);
• Zone D (up to 5 hours) - 28.40 EUR (+ 4.90 EUR).

There are also tickets for 4, 10 trips, and HappyHourTicket(unlimited rides from 18:00 to 6:00).

If you want to ride in the surrounding towns, Mainz provides this opportunity. Can be purchased in a kind Rheinland-Pfalz-Ticket (approximately 21-39 EUR, depending on whether the ticket was purchased online or directly at the ticket office), which provides an unlimited number of full day trips for 5 people in all cities of Rheinland-Pfalz, as well as Saarland and Wiesbaden.

Taxi. What features exist

There are about 16 companies (large and small) in the city that provide taxi services. If you need to be in a certain place without delay, you can book a taxi at the right time (for example, by 14:00 or 19:00). In this case, you have the confidence that you will arrive on time, and there is no need to frantically dial the taxi number and guess, or it will have time to drive you to your destination.
In a taxi, you can always ask for a check for the trip. I have never seen such a ride "off the meter", despite the fact that most of the drivers are foreigners.

Taxis can also be ordered online. In terms of payment methods, most taxis accept credit cards. However, when ordering, it is worth mentioning this. The approximate picture of prices is as follows:

• 1 km - 2, 40 EUR;
• Waiting hour - 25 EUR;
• Baggage supplement (if it is very bulky) - 2.60 EUR;
• Suburban area supplement - 3.00 EUR.

Hotels - don't forget to check prices from booking sites! Don't overpay. It !

Rent a Car - also aggregation of prices from all distributors, all in one place, let's go!

Anything to add?

This article is about a city in Germany. For the light cruiser, see SMS Mainz. For the Mainz sword, see Gladius.

Mainz Coordinates:?? 50 ° 0 0 N 8 ° 16 16 E ?? /? 50.00000 ° N 8.27111 ° E? / 50.00000; 8.27111Coordinates: ???? 50 ° 0 0 N 8 ° 16 16 E? /? 50.00000 ° N 8.27111 ° E? / 50.00000; 8.27111 The country Germany The state Rhineland-Palatinate Area Urban district Founded , 13/12 BC Structural units 15 townships Government Lord mayor Michael Ebling (SPD) Square Total 97.75 km2 (37.74 sq mi) Population (2012-12-31) Total 202756 Density 2,100 / km2 (5,400 / sq mi) Timezone CET / MSK (UTC +1 / +2) Postal codes 55001-55131 Set codes 06131, 06136 Vehicle registration M.Z. Website WWW. Mainz. de

Mainz / Ma NTS /? (German [?? M nt s]) is the capital state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. It was the electoral capital of Mainz during the Holy Roman Empire. In antiquity, Mainz was a Roman fort city that commanded the western bank of the Rhine and is part of the northernmost border of the Roman Empire, it was founded as a military post by the Romans at the end of the 1st century BC. The city is located on the Rhine River at its confluence with the Main opposite Wiesbaden, in the western part of Frankfurt Rhine-Main, in the modern era, Frankfurt shares most of its regional significance.

The city is famous as the birthplace of the movable type of printing press invention, as the first books printed using movable type were produced in Mainz by Gutenberg in the early 1450s. Until the twentieth century, Mainz was not commonly referred to as english language like Mainz.

1 Geography
1.1 Topography 1.2 Climate

2 History

2.1 Roman Mogontiacum 2.2 Frankish Mainz 2.3 Christian Mainz 2.4 Early Jewish Community 2.5 Republic of Mainz 2.6 Rhine Hesse 2.7 Industrial expansion 2.8 20th century

3 City

3.1 Architecture

4 Main attractions 5 Administration

5.1 Coat of arms

6 Culture 7 Education 8 Sport 9 Economy

9.1 Wine center 9.2 Other industries

10 Transport

10.1 Railway
10.1.1 Operational use

10.2 Public transport 10.3 Cycling 10.4 Air transport

11 Famous people 12 International relations 13 Alternative names 14 References and notes 15 Sources 16 Further reading 17 External links

Geography

Topography

Mainz is located at latitude 50, on the western bank of the Rhine River, opposite the confluence of the main river from the Rhine. The population at the beginning of 2012 was 200,957, an additional 18,619 people maintain the main residence elsewhere, but there is a second home in Mainz. The city is part of the Rhein metro area, which employs 5.8 million people. Mainz can be easily reached from Frankfurt International Airport in 25 minutes by S-Bahn train (line S8).

View north along the Rhine with old Winterhafen in the lower left corner, other port facilities further north 50-latitude at Gutenbergplatz

Mainz is a river port of a city like the Rhine, which connects with its main tributaries such as the Neckar, Main, and then the Moselle and thus continental Europe from the port of Rotterdam and thus into the North Sea. Mainz's history and economy are closely related to its proximity to the Rhine River historically carrying most of the region's water cargo. Today's huge container port center allows trimodal transport to be located on the north side of the city. The river also provides another positive effect, softening the climate of Mainz, which makes the waterfront quarters slightly warmer in winter and cooler in summer.

After the last ice age, sand dunes were deposited in the Rhine valley on what was to become the western edge of the city. Mainz Sand dunes area is now a nature reserve with a unique landscape and rarely steppe vegetation in this area.

When the legion camp of Mainz was founded in 13/12 BC, buildings near the Rhine River stood for the civil settlement of the present city. Historical sources and archaeological finds and prove the importance of the military and civilian Mogontiacum as a port city on the Rhine.

Climate

Mainz experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb).

Climate data for Mainz Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Year Average maximum ° C (° F) Average minimum ° C (° F) Precipitation mm (in)

3.4(38.1)	5.3(41.5)	9.7(49.5)	14.2(57,6)	18.9(66,0)	22(71,6)	23.9(75.0)	23.6(74,5)	20.1(68.2)	14.3(57.7)	7.8(46,0)	4.5(40.1)	14(57.2)
?1.2(29.8)	?0,6(30,9)	1.9(35.4)	4.8(40.6)	8.7(47.7)	11.9(53,4)	13.4(56.1)	13.2(55,8)	10.3(50,5)	6.6(43.9)	2.5(36.5)	?0.1(31.8)	5.9(42.7)
38(1.5)	36(1.4)	38(1.5)	38(1.5)	51(2.0)	58(2.3)	56(2.2)	53(2.1)	41(1.6)	43(1.7)	48(1.9)	46(1.8)	546(21.5)
Source: Intellicast

Story

Roman Mogontiacum

Remains of the city's Roman gate from the late 4th century

The Roman fortress or Castrum Mogontiacum, the predecessor in Mainz, was founded by the Roman general Druse, possibly as early as 13/12 BC. How Suetonius is related to the existence of Mogontiacum is well known four years later (the story of the death and burial of Nero Claudius Drusus), although several other theories suggest that the site may have been established earlier. Although the city is located opposite the mouth of the Main River, the name Mainz is not from Maine, a similarity perhaps due to a diachronous analogy. Home is from the Latin Menu, the name the Romans used for the river. A linguistic analysis of the many forms that the name "Mainz" takes on make it clear that this is a simplification of Mogontiacum. The name will appear to be Celtic and ultimately this. However, he also became a Roman and was chosen by them with special significance. The Roman soldiers defending Gaul adopted the Gallic god Mogons (Mogounus, Moguns, Mogonino), about whose meaning the etymology suggests two main options: "the great one", like the Latin pis, which was used in exalting names such as Alexander piz, "Alexander The Great "and Pompey Magnus," Pompey the Great ", or the god" may "is personified as he appears in young servants of any type whether of noble or ignoble birth.

Monument to Drusus or Drususstein (surrounded by a 17th century citadel) raised by the men of Drusus "in honor of him Remains of a Roman aqueduct

Mogontiacum was an important military town during Roman times, probably due to its strategic position at the confluence of the Main and Rhine rivers. The city of Mogontiacum grew between the fort and the river. Castrum was the base of Legio XIIII Gemina and XVI Gallica (AD 9-43), XXII Primigenia, IIII Macedonian (43-70), I Adiutrix (70-88), XXI Rapax (70-89), and XIIII Gemina (70-92 ), among the others. Mainz was also the base of the Roman river fleet, the Classis Germanicus. Remains of Roman army ships (Navis lusoria) and a patrol boat from the late 4th century were discovered in 1982/86 and can now be viewed at the Antike Schifffahrt Fur Museum. The city was the capital of the province of Germania Superior, and had an important funeral monument dedicated to Druse, in which people made pilgrimages for the annual festival from as far away as Lyon. Notable buildings included the largest theater north of the Alps and the bridge over the Rhine.

Alamanni forces under Rando sacked the city in 368. From the last day 405 or 406, the Siling and Asding Vandals, Suebi, Alans and other Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine, possibly to Mainz. Christian chronicles tell that the bishop, Staphylococcus aureus, was sentenced to death by Alamannian Crocus. The path was open for the bag of Trier and the invasion of Gaul.

Throughout the changing times, the Roman Castrum seems to have never been permanently abandoned as a military facility, which is evidence of a Roman court martial. Different structures were built at different times. The current citadel originated in 1660, but it replaced the previous forts. It was used in the Great Patriotic War. One of the attractions in the citadel is still a cenotaph raised by legionnaires in honor of their Drusus.

Frankish Mainz

Through a series of invasions in the 4th century, Alsace gradually lost its Belgian ethnicity; the earlier Germanic tribes among the Celts were ruled by the Romans and became predominantly influenced by the Alamanni. The Romans repeatedly reaffirmed control, however the troops stationed in Mainz became the main non-Italic and the emperors had only one or two Italian ancestors in a lineage that included mainly the peoples of the northern border.

The last emperor to place his troops serving the western empire in Mainz was Valentinian III, who relied heavily on his Master militum for Gallias, Flavius \u200b\u200bAetius. By this time the army included a large number of troops from the large Germanic confederations along the Rhine, Alemanni, Saxon and Franks. The Franks were an adversary that rose to power and reputation among the Belgae of the lower Rhine during the 3rd century and repeatedly tried to spread their influence upstream. In 358, the Emperor Julian bought the world, giving them most of the Germania of Lower, which they possessed anyway, and imposing service in the Roman army in exchange.

European factions at the time of Master Aetius included the Celts, Goths, Franks, Saxons, Alamanni, Huns, Italians, and Alans, as well as numerous other minor peoples. Aetius played them all against each other in a masterful effort to keep the peace under Roman rule. He used Hunnic troops on several occasions. Finally a day of reckoning arrived between Aetius and Attila, both commanders of a polyglot, multinational army. Attila marched Alsace in 451, devastating the country and destroying Mainz and Trier with his Roman garrisons. Shortly after it was thwarted by Flavius \u200b\u200bAetius at the Battle of Chalon, the largest of the ancient world.

Aetius did not enjoy his victory for long. He was killed in 454 at the hands of his employer, who in turn was stabbed to death by Aetius's friends in 455. As far as the north was concerned, this was the effective end of the Roman Empire there. After some bloody but relatively short strife, Aetius's former subordinate, Ricimer, became emperor, taking the name Patricia. His father was a Suebian, his mother, a Visigoth princess. The patrician did not exclude the north directly, but rather the customization of the client province there, which functioned independently. The capital was in Soissons. Even then, his status was dubious. Many insisted it was the Kingdom of Soissons.

Earlier, the first of the Merovingians, Clodio, was defeated by Aetius around 430. His son, Merovaeus, fought on the Roman side against Attila, and his son, Childeric, served in the area of \u200b\u200bSoissons. Meanwhile, the Franks are gradually penetrating and coming to power in this area. They also crossed the Rhine and created a domain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe former Upper Germania with capital in Cologne. They became known as the Ripuarian francs as opposed to the Salyan francs. It is unlikely that most of the population displacement or displacement has occurred. The former Belgi just became Franks.

Events move rapidly towards the end of the 5th century. Clovis, son of Childeric, became king of the Salians in 481, reigning from Tournai. In 486 he defeated Siagrius, the last ruler of the Soissons region, and took Northern France. He extended his reign in Cambrai and Tongeren in 490-491, and repelled the Alamanni in 496. In the same year he converted to non-Arian Christianity.

After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, Franks under the rule of Clovis, I gained control of Western Europe for 496 years. Clovis annexed the kingdom of Cologne in 508. After that, Mainz, in its strategic position, became one of the foundations of the Frankish kingdom. Mainz had sheltered the Christian community long before Clovis's conversion. His successor Dagobert I supported the walls of Mainz and made it one of their places. Solidus Theodebert I (534-548) was minted in Mainz.

The Franks united the Celtic and Germanic tribes of Europe. The largest Frank of all was Charles (768-814), who built a new empire in Europe, the Holy Roman Empire. Mainz from Centrally located became important to the Empire and Christianity. Meanwhile, the change of language gradually worked to divide the francs. Mainz spoke a dialect called Ripuarian. After the death of Charlemagne, the distinction between France and Germany began to be made. Mainz was not central anymore, but was on the border, creating the question of the nationality to which he belonged, which descended in modern times as the question of Alsace-Lorraine.

Christian Mainz

Capital Mainz Government Republic Historical era Middle Ages - The city is created California 13 BC - City city rights by Abp Siegfried III 1244 - Competing archbishops 1461 - Charter revoked Abp Adolph II 1462 - German Mediatisation 1803 Today part Germany

See also: Archbishopric of Mainz Mainz Cathedral, west main tower St. Stephen Mainz (St. Stephen's Church in Mainz) is famous for its Marc Chagall windows

In the early Middle Ages, Mainz was the center of Christianization of the Germanic and Slavic peoples. The first archbishop of Mainz, Boniface was killed in 754 while trying to convert the Frisians to Christianity and was buried in the city of Fulda. Other early archbishops of Mainz include Raban Maurus, scientist and author, and Willigis (975-1011), who began construction on the current Mainz Cathedral building and founded the monastery of St. Stephen.

Monument to St. Boniface before Mainz Cathedral Cathedral of St. Martin in Mainz, on Wenzel Gollara; pen ink drawing 1632

From the time of the Willigis to the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the archbishops of Mainz were the archchancellors of the Empire and the most important of the seven electors of the German emperor. Besides Rome, the Diocese of Mainz is today the only diocese in the world with a bishop's see called the Holy See (Holy Sedes). The archbishops of Mainz have traditionally been the Primas Germaniae, the Pope's substitutes north of the Alps.

In 1244 Archbishop Siegfried III commissioned Mainz the city charter, which included the right of citizens to establish and elect a city council. The city saw enmity between two archbishops in 1461, namely Diether von Isenburg, who was elected archbishop at the cathedral head and supported by the citizens, and Adolph II von Nassau, who was named archbishop for Mainz by the priest. In 1462, Archbishop Adolf II raided the city of Mainz, looting and killing 400 residents. At the trial, those who survived lost all their property, which was then divided among those who promised to follow Adolf II. Those who did not promise to follow Adolf II (among them Johannes Gutenberg) were expelled from the city or thrown into prison. The new archbishop abolished the city charter of Mainz and placed the city under his immediate rule. Ironically, after the death of Adolf II, his successor was again Diether von Isenburg, now legally elected heads and named pope.

In the beginning the Jewish community

The Jewish community in Mainz dates back to the 10th century AD. It should be noted for his religious education. Rabbi Gershom ben Judah (960-1040) taught there, among others. He focused on the study of the Talmud, creating the German Jewish tradition. Mainz is also the legendary home of the martyr Rabbi Amnon of Mainz, the composer of the Unetanneh Tokef prayer. The Jews of Mainz, Speyer and Worms established the Supreme Council to set standards in Jewish law and education in the 12th century.

The city of Mainz has responded to the Jewish population in various forms, behaving, in a sense, in a bipolar fashion towards them. Sometimes they were allowed freedom and were protected, in other cases they were persecuted. The Jews were expelled in 1012, 1462 (after which they were invited to return), and in 1474. The Jews were mobbed in 1283. Outbreaks of the plague usually blame the Jews for what time they were killed, such as the burning of about 6,000 Jews alive in 1349.

Currently, the Jewish community is growing rapidly, and a new synagogue designed by architect Manuel Herz was built in 2010 on the site of what was destroyed during the Third Reich. The community itself has 1,034 members, according to the Central Council of Jews in Germany, and is at least twice as many Jews in total since many are non-partisan with Judaism.

Republic of Mainz

Main article: Republic of Mainz

During the French Revolution, the French Revolutionary Army occupied Mainz in 1792; Archbishop of Mainz, Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal, had already fled to Aschaffenburg by the time the French marched in. On March 18, 1793, the Jacobins from Mainz, with another German Democrats from about 130 cities in the Rhine Palatinate, proclaimed the "Republic of Mainz". Led by Georg Forster , representatives of the Mainz Republic in Paris asked for the political affiliation of the Mainz Republic with France, but too late: As Prussia was not completely happy with the idea of \u200b\u200ba democratic free state on German soil, Prussian troops had already occupied the area and besieged Mainz by the end of March 1793. After the siege 18 weeks, French troops in Mainz surrendered on 23 July 1793; Prussians occupied the city and eventually the Republic of Mainz. It came to the Battle of Mainz in 1795 between Austria and France. Members of the Mainz Jacobin Club were ill-treated or imprisoned and punished for treason ...

Tombstone Jeanbon of Baron de Saint-André, prefect of Napoleonic Mainz

In 1797 the French returned. Napoleon Bonaparte's army occupied the territory of Germany west of the Rhine River, and the Campo Formio treaty awarded France this entire area. On 17 February 1800, the French List of Departments du Mont-Tonneur was founded here, with Mainz as its capital, the River Rhine, which is the new eastern border of La Grande Nation. Austria and Prussia could not help but approve of this new border with France in 1801. However, after several defeats in Europe over the following years, a weakened Napoleon and his troops were forced to leave Mainz in May 1814.

Rhine Hesse

In 1816, part of the former French department that is known today as Rhine Hesse (German: Rheingessen) was awarded to Hesse-Darmstadt, Mainz being the capital of the new Hesse province of Rhine Hesse. From 1816 to 1866, in the German Confederation, Mainz was the most important fortress in the defense against France, and there was a strong garrison of Austrian and Prussian troops.

On the afternoon of November 18, 1857, a powerful explosion rocked Mainz when the city's powder magazine, Pulverturm, exploded. About 150 people were killed and at least 500 were injured; 57 buildings were destroyed and an equal number were seriously damaged in what was known as the Powder Tower Explosion or Powder Explosion.

During the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, Mainz was declared a neutral zone. After the formation of the German Empire in 1871, Mainz was no longer an equally important stronghold, because in the war of 1870/71 France lost the territory of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany and this defined a new border between the two countries.

Industrial expansion

Mainz to the River Rhine (circa 1890)

For centuries, the inhabitants of the Mainz fortress suffered from an acute lack of space, which led to illness and other inconveniences. In 1872, Mayor Karl Wallau and the Mainz council persuaded the military government to sign a contract to expand the city. Beginning in 1874 the city of Mainz was assimilated by the Gartenfeld, an idyllic area of \u200b\u200bmeadows and fields along the banks of the Rhine River to the north of the rampart. The expansion of the city to more than double the urban area, which allowed Mainz to take part in the Industrial Revolution, which had previously shunned the city for decades.

Edward Cray? I.G. there was the person who made it happen. Having been a master builder of the city of Mainz since 1865, Creil? fig. had a vision of a new part of the city, Neustadt. He also planned the first sewage system for the old part of the city since Roman times and convinced the city authorities to move the railway line from the Rhine side to the western part of the city. The main station was built from 1882 to 1884 according to the plans of Philip Johann Berdelle.

Mainz including the extension zone of the River Rhine (1898)

The Mainz architect built a number of state-of-the-art public buildings, including the City Hall of Mainz - which was the largest of its kind in Germany at the time - as well as synagogues, Rhine harbor and a number of public baths and school buildings. Cray? IG's most recent work was Christ Church (Christuskirche), the largest Protestant church in the city and the first building built exclusively for the use of the Protestant community. In 1905, the demolition of the entire Circumvallation and Rheingauwall was taken to the sides, according to the Imperial command of William II.

20th century

After World War I, the French occupied Mainz between 1919 and 1930 under the Treaty of Versailles, which entered into force on June 28, 1919. The Rhineland (in which Mainz is located) was to be a demilitarized zone until 1935 and the French garrison representing the Entente was to remain until no reparations were paid.

In 1923 Mainz participated in the Rhineland separatist movement that was proclaimed a republic in the Rhineland. It collapsed in 1924. The French withdrew on June 30, 1930. Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933 and his political opponents, especially those from the Social Democratic Party, were either imprisoned or killed. Some of them were able to move away from Mainz in time. One of them was the political organizer for the SPD, Friedrich Kellner, who traveled to Laubach, where, as an inspector of the chief judge of the district court, he continued his opposition against the Nazis, writing down his atrocities in a 900-page diary.

In March 1933, a detachment from the National Socialist Party in Worms brought the party to Mainz. They planted swastikas on all public buildings and began denouncing the Jewish population in the newspapers. In 1936, the forces of the Third Reich returned to the Rhineland with great fanfare, the first turn of the meteoric expansion of the Third Reich. The former Entente took no action.

During World War II the citadel in Mainz hosted Oflag XII-B POW camp.

The Bishop of Mainz created an organization to help Jews flee Germany.

During World War II, more than 30 air raids destroyed about 80 percent of the city center, including most of the historic buildings. Mainz was captured on 22 March 1945 against uneven German resistance (convinced in some sectors and weak in other parts of the city) by the 90th Infantry Division under William A. McNulty, forming the XII Corps under the Third Army under the command of General George S. Patton, Jr. Patton used an ancient strategic gateway through Germany Superior to cross the Rhine south of Mainz, drive down the Danube to Czechoslovakia and eventually the possibility of a Bavarian redoubt across the Alps in Austria when the war ended. Regarding the Roman road on which Patton attacked Trier, he said:

one could almost smell brass sweat and see low clouds of dust where these absolute fighters pushed forward into battle.

From 1945 to 1949, the city was part of the French zone of occupation. When the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate was founded on 30 August 1946 by the commander of the French army in the French occupation zone, Marie Pierre K? NIG, Mainz became the capital of the new state. In 1962, the memoirist, Friedrich Kellner, returned to spend his last years in Mainz. His life in Mainz, as well as the influence of his work, is the subject of the Canadian documentary My Opposition: The Diaries of Friedrich Kellner.

After the withdrawal of French forces from Mainz, the United States Army of Europe occupied military bases in Mainz. Today USAREUR only occupies the McCully Barracks at Wackernheim and Mainz sand dunes at the training ground. Mainz is home to the Bundeswehr's headquarters with Wehrbereichskommando II and other divisions.

Urban

Mainz skyline in May 2007, from the South railway bridge over the Rhine looking north Mainz 2011, Schiller looking southeast
Markt Schusterstra? e

Architecture

The destruction caused by the bombing of Mainz during World War II led to the largest construction boom in the city's history. During the last war in Germany, more than 30 air raids destroyed about 80 percent of the city center, including most of the historic buildings. The devastating attack on the afternoon of February 27, 1945 remains the most destructive of all 33 explosions, Mainz suffered in World War II in the collective memory of the majority of the population then living. The air raid caused most of the dead and made the already badly affected city largely flattened out.

Town Hall by Jacobsen

Nevertheless, the post-war reconstruction was very slow. While cities such as Frankfurt were quickly rebuilt, there were only scattered individual actions in civil Mainz. The reason for this is that the French wanted Mainz to expand and become a model city. Mainz lay in the French-controlled sector of Germany and it was the French architect and urban planner, Marcel Lods, who produced Le Corbusier's plan in the style of ideal architecture striving for spirituality. But the very first interest of residents was the restoration of residential areas. Even after the failure of the city's model plans, it was the French initiative (founding of Johannes Gutenberg of the University of Mainz, the heights of Mainz towards the capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, the early resumption of the Mainz carnival) driving the city into a positive post-war event. City Plan 1958 Ernst May allowed regulated renovation for the first time. In 1950, the seat of the Rhineland-Palatinate government was moved to New Mainz and in 1963 the seat of the new ZDF, famous architects were Adolf Bayer, Richard Jörg and Egon Hartmann. At its two millennium anniversary in 1962, the city was largely rebuilt. In the 1950s and 1960s Oberstadt was extended, Munchfeld and Lerchenberg added as suburbs, Altstadttangente (intersection of the old town), new areas like Westring and Südring contributed to the expansion. By 1970, only a few ruins remained. The new hall of the city of Mainz was designed by Arne Jacobsen and completed by Dissing + Weitling. The city was Jacobsens activities for the Danish Novo erection of a new office and warehouse building to contact him. Urban renewal of the old city changed the inner city. In preparation for the millennium cathedrals, pedestrian zones were developed around the cathedral, heading north towards Neubrunnenplatz and heading south through the Leichhof towards Augustinerstra? e and Kirschgarten. The 1980s brought a renewal of the facades to the Markt and a new part of the city area to Kastrich. In the 1990s, Kisselberg between Gonsenheim and Bretzenheim, in the "Fort Malakoff Center" on the site of the old police barracks, the reopening of the train station and the demolition of the first post-war shopping center in Markt followed by the erection of a new historicizing building on the same site.

Main attractions

Deutschhaus, House of the Parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate Kaiserstra? e ("Emperor Street") from the boulevard and Christuskirche Theodore Royce Bridge Interior of the Church of the Augustinian Order

Romano-Germanic Central Museum (Romano-Germanic Zentralmuseum). It is home to Roman, medieval and earlier artifacts. Museum of Ancient Navigation (Antike Schifffahrt Fur Museum). This rests the remains of five Roman ships from the late 4th century, discovered in 1980. Roman remains, including the columns of Jupiter, Drusus' mausoleum, theater ruins and aqueduct. Mainz Cathedral of St. Martin (Dome), over 1000 years old. Staatstheater Mainz Iron Tower (Eisenturm, tower of the former iron market), 13th century gate tower . Tree tower (Holzturm, tower of the former timber market), gate of the 15th century tower. Museum Gutenberg - showcases the original Gutenberg Bible among many other printed books from the 15th century and later. Mainz Old Town - what remains of it, the quarter south of the cathedral survived World War II Electoral Palace (Kurfürstliches Schloss), Residence of the Elector Marktbrunnen, one of the largest Renaissance fountains in Germany Domus Universitatis (1615), for many centuries the tallest building in Mainz Christ Church ( Christuskirche), built 1898-1903, bombed in 1945 and rebuilt in 1948-1954 St. Stephen's Church, from the post-war windows of Marc Chagall Citadel. Ruins of St. Christoph Church, WWII memorial Sch onborner Hof (1668). Rococo churches of St. Augustine (in Augustinerkirche, Mainz) and St. Peter (Petruskirche, Mainz). Church of St. Ignatius (1763). Erthaler Hof (1743) Baroque Bassenheimer Hof (1750) Botanical Gardens der Johann Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, a botanical garden maintained by the Landesmuseum Mainz, State Museum with archeology and art. Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF) - one of the largest public German TV broadcasters

Kunsthalle Mainz - Museum of Contemporary Art

Administration

The city of Mainz is divided into 15 local districts according to the basic law of the city of Mainz. Each local district has a district administration of 13 members and is directly elected by the mayor, who is the chairman of the district administration. It is the local council that decides on important issues affecting the neighborhood; however, the final decision on the new policy is made by the Municipal Council of Mainz.

According to section 29 paragraph 2 of the Local Government Act of Rhineland-Palatinate, which states municipalities with more than 150,000 inhabitants, the city council has 60 members.

The city districts are:

Until 1945, the districts of Bischofsheim (now an independent city), Ginsheim-Gustavsburg (which together form an independent city) belonged to Mainz. The former suburbs of Amöneburg, Kastel, and Kostheim - (in short, AKK) are currently governed by the city of Wiesbaden (on the north bank of the river). The ACC was separated from Mainz when the Rhine was assigned the border between the French zone of occupation (later the state of Rhineland-Palatinate) and the U.S. zone of occupation (Hesse) in 1945.

Coat of arms

Main article: Wheel of Mainz

The coat of arms of Mainz comes from the coat of arms of the Archbishops of Mainz and includes two six-spoke silver discs connected by a silver cross on a red background.

Mainz Rad and Mainz 05 flags at Domplatz

Culture

Mainz is home to a carnival, the Mainzer Fassenacht or Faßnacht, which has taken shape since the early 19th century. The Mainz Carnival has its roots in criticizing social and political injustices under the guise of a cover and bells. Today, the uniforms of many traditional carnival clubs still mimic and caricatured the uniforms of the French and Prussian troops of the past. The height of the carnival season is at Rosenmontag ("rose Monday"), when there is a large parade in Mainz, with over 500,000 people celebrating in the streets.

The first in the history of Katholikentag, the festival, as a gathering of German Catholics, was held in Mainz in 1848.

Forum Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Johannes Gutenberg, credited with inventing the modern movable type printing press, was born and died here. Mainz University, which was surrendered in 1946, is named after Gutenberg; the former University of Mainz that dates back to 1477 was closed by Napoleonic troops in 1798.

Mainz was one of three important centers of Jewish theology and teaching in Central Europe during the Middle Ages. Commonly known as Shum, the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz played a key role in the preservation and spread of Talmudic scholarship.

The city is home to Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (literally, "Second German Television", ZDF), one of two federal nationwide broadcasters. There are also several radio stations based in Mainz.

Other cultural aspects of the city include:

As a city in the Greater Region, Mainz participates in the 2007 European Capital of Culture year program. Walk of Fame Cabaret can be found next to Schiller. The music publisher Schott Music is based in Mainz. One of the oldest brass instrument manufacturers in the world, Gebr. Alexander is in Mainz. Stiftung Lesen is not a profit base for improving reading competencies.

Education

Mainz University Mainz University of Applied Sciences Mainz Catholic University of Applied Sciences

Sport

Local football club 1. Mainz 05 has a long history in the German football leagues. Since 2004, he has participated in Fu? The ball is Bundesliga (First German Football League), except for a break in the second tier in the 2007-2008 season. In the summer of 2011, the club opened a new stadium called the Coface Arena.

The local wrestling club ASV Mainz 1888 is currently in the top division wrestling teams in Germany, the Bundesliga. In 1973, 1977 and 2012 ASB Mainz 1888 won the German championship.

In 2007, Mainz Athletica won the German Men's Baseball Championship.

As a result of the 2008 invasion of Georgia by Russian troops, Mainz acted as a neutral venue for the Georgian Vs Ireland football match.

Economy

Bonifatius Center Building

Wine center

Mainz is one of the centers of the German wine economy as a center for the wine trade and the seat of the state's wine minister. Due to the importance and history of the wine industry for the federal state, Rhineland-Palatinate is the only state to have such a department.

Since 2008, the city is also a member of the Great Wine Capitals Global Network (GWC), an association of famous wineculture cities in the world. Many wine traders also work in the city. The sparkling wine producer Kupferberg is produced in Mainz-Hechtsheim and even Henkel - now on the other side of the Rhine River - was founded back in Mainz. The famous Blue Nun, one of the first signature wines, was on the market for the sabrefish family.

Mainz has been a viticulture region since Roman times and the image of the wine city of Mainz is stimulated by a tourist center. The Haus de Deutschen Weines (English: Theater of German Wine), is located next to the theater. It is the seat of the German Wine Academy, the German Wine Institute (DWI) and the German Wine Foundation (DWF). The Mainzer Weinmarkt (wine market) is one of the largest wine fairs in Germany.

Other industries

Schott AG, one of the world's largest glass factories, and Werner & Merz, a large chemical plant, are based in Mainz. Other companies such as IBM, Quinn Plastics, or Novo Nordisk have their German administration in Mainz as well.

Johann-Joseph Krug, founder of the famous Champagne house Krug in France in 1843, was born in Mainz in 1800.

Transport

View at the Rheinreede, container cranes 2007 set out in 2010.

Mainz is a major transport hub in southern Germany. It is an important component in European distribution, as it has the fifth largest intermodal port in Germany. The port of Mainz, now handling mostly containers, is a significant industrial area north of the city, on the banks of the Rhine. In order to open up space along the city's waterfront towards residential development, it was moved further north in 2010.

Rail

Aerial view of Mainz

Mainz Central Station, or Mainz Hauptbahnhof, is visited by 80,000 tourists and visitors every day and is therefore one of the busiest 21 stations in Germany. This is a stop for the S8 S-Bahn line from Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund. In addition, the Mainbahn line to Frankfurt Hbf starts at the station. He served on 440 daily local and regional trains (StadtExpress, RZ and RB) and 78 long-distance trains (IC, EC and ICE). Intercity-Express lines connect Mainz with Frankfurt (Main), Karlsruhe Hbf, Worms Hauptbahnhof and Koblenz Hauptbahnhof. It is the terminus of the West Rhine railway and the Mainz-Ludwigshafen railway, as well as the Alzey-Mainz railway erected by the Hessische Ludwigsbahn in 1871. Access to the East Rhine railway is provided by the Kaiserbrucke, a railway bridge over the Rhine at the northern end of Mainz.

Operational use

Public transport

The station is an interchange point for the Mainz tram network, and an important bus hub for the city and the region (RNN, ORN and MVG).

Bicycle riding

Mainz offers a wide range of cycling vehicles and activities, including several miles of on-street bike lanes. The Rheinradweg (Rhine Cycling Route) is an international cycling route that runs from the source to the mouth of the Rhine River, crossing four countries at a distance of 1,300 km (810 mi). Another bike tour runs to Bingen and further to the Middle Rhine, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (2002).

Air Transport

Mainz is served by Frankfurt Airport, the busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic in Germany today, the third busiest in Europe and the ninth busiest worldwide in 2009. Located approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers) east of Mainz, it is connected to the city via an S-Bahn line.

The small Mainz Fintchen airport, located just 3 km (5 km) southwest of Mainz, is used only by general aviation. Another airport, Frankfurt-Hahn Airport, is located about 50 miles (80 km) west of Mainz, served by several low-cost carriers.

Famous people

List of people associated with Mainz Archbishops of Mainz List of Mayors of Mainz

International connections

See also: List of Sister Cities and Sister Cities in Germany

Mainz is twinned with:

Alternative names

Mainz is called by several different names in other languages \u200b\u200band dialects. These include: Maanz or Meenz in the local West Middle German dialect, and Mentz in English or French: Mainz in French. The latter name was also used in English, but this use of Mainz has almost completely disappeared, although Google Maps and Google Earth use it. Other names for this city are: Italian: Magonza, Spanish: Maguncia, Portuguese: Moguncia, Polish: Moguncja, Latin: Mogontiacum / Moguntiacum, Yiddish: (Magentza) ???? and Czech: Mohuc, Slovak: Mohuc.

References and notes

"Bevolkerung der Gemeinden i 31.12.2012". Statistisches Bundesamt (In German). 2013. Mainz # Further reading Olaf Hockmann: Mainz fishing Romische Hafenstadt. R. 87-106. in: Michael J. Klein (editor): Die Romer und IHR Erbe. Fortschritt Durch Innovation und Integration. Philip von Zabern, Mainz 2003, ISBN 3-8053-2948-2. "Mainz historical average weather". Intellicast. June 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2009. The earliest definite evidence of the existence of Mogontiacum is the story of the death and burial of Nero Claudius Drusus, brother of the future emperor, Tiberius, brought in the life of Suetonius Drusus. Few leaders were as loved and as popular as Druse. He fell from his horse in 9 BC. AD, contracted gangrene and lingered for several days.His brother Tiberius reached him within a few days, riding post horses over Roman roads and served as the chief mourner, walking with the deceased in a funeral procession from the summer camp where he fell on Mogontiacum, where the soldiers insisted on a funeral. The body was transported to Rome, cremated in Campus Martis and the ashes placed in the tomb of Augustus, who was still alive, and wrote poetry and delivered a state eulogy for him. If Drusus founded Mogontiacum the earliest date is the start of his campaign, 13 BC Some suggest that Mogontiacum was built in one of two previous possibilities, one when Marcus Agrippa Campanus ju in the region in 42 BC. or by Julius Caesar himself after 58 BC. Lack of evidence plays a role in favor of 13 BC. No sources cite Mogontiacum until 13 BC, no legions are known to have been stationed there, and coins did not survive. [this quote needs a quote] von Elba, Joachim (1975). Roman Germany: A Guide to Places and Museums. Mainz: P. von Zabern. R. 253. The second hypothesis suggests that the Moguns was a wealthy Celtic whose estate was taken over for the fort and that a tax area was formed on an area parallel to other tax districts with the - iacum suffix (Arenacum, Mannaricium). There is no evidence for this supposedly wealthy person or his possessions, but there is much for God. According to Karl Darling Buck in Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, - years - and - to - common Indo-European formations are sufficient and are not associated with taxes. As the loyalty of the Vangiones was undeniable and Drusus was campaigning across the Rhine, it is unlikely that Mogontiacum would have been built to collect taxes from the Vangiones that were not Roman Municipium. Michael Kulikowski, "Barbarians in Gaul, Usurpers in Britain" Britain 31 (2000: 325-345). Tuchman, Barbara Wertheim. Distant mirror. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-307-29160-8. Retrieved August 27, 2011. de: Neue Synagoge Mainz A modern German look could be: "French Jacobine puppet state". Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage: French Fortifications, 1715-1815: An Illustrated History of McFarland November 30, 2009 at Stanton, Shelby, World War II Combat: An Encyclopedic Guide to the United States Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946, Stackpole Books (revised edition 2006 year), p. 164 George S. Patton, War, How Did I Know This was the original text of K? NiG in Order No. 57; as can be found on Landeshauptarchiv Rhineland-Palatinate (main-archive from Rhineland-Palatinate) History of Mainz Cathedral Aerial view of total destruction from repeated US and Air Force bombing of the city; Photographer: Margaret Burke-White. Aerial view of the bomb-damaged theater, St. Quintins church, St. Johannis church and the old university after an Allied air attack. Aerial View of Mainz-Neustadt and the Port of Mainz for Life Magazine Eric Paul Mumford: CIAM Discourse on Urbanism 1928-1960 p. 159 Jeffrey M. Diefendorf: On the Trail of War: Reconstruction of German Cities After World War II 2 p. 357 Plan for the reconstruction of the German city of Mainz Marseilles Lods 1947 in: Karl Fingerhuth: Learning from China: Tao city r. 59 Culture and history (from Mainz City Council website. Accessed 2008-02-10.) Capitals, "Rhine Cycling Route". Euroregion Rhine-Baal. Retrieved November 25, 2011. a b "How to get to Mainz". Landeshauptstadt Mainz. "Ciudades Hermanadas con Valencia" [Valencia Twin / Twin Cities]. Ajuntament de Valencia [City of Valencia] (In Spanish). Archived from the original on 2012-10-23. Retrieved on 2013-08-08. "Twin cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijanis. com. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.

Sources

I hope Valerie. Identity Building: Roman Burial Monuments Aquelia, Mainz and Nimes; British Archaeological Records (16 Juli 2001.) ISBN 978-1-84171-180-5 Imhof, Michael and Simone Kestin: Mainz City and Cathedral leadership. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-937251-93-6 Mainz ("Vierteljahreshefte fur Kultur, Politik, Wirtschaft, Geschichte"), since 1981 Saddington, Denis. Dislocation of auxiliary regiments in Germania Upper during the Julian-Claudian period Stanton, Shelby, World War II Combat: An Encyclopedic Guide to the United States Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946 (Revised edition, 2006), Stackpole Books ISBN 978-0-8117 -0157-0

additional literature

Mainz, Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance, Leipsic: Karl Bedecker, 1882, OCLC 7416969 Mainz, Rhine, including the Black Forest and Vosges, Leipsic: Karl Bedecker, 1911, OCLC 21888483

The article was automatically translated.

The settlement on the site of Mainz was founded during the era of the Roman Empire, so there are several interesting ancient ruins preserved here. One of the most important sights of the Roman period is the ancient theater. It was opened at the beginning of the 20th century during the construction of the road to the citadel. This Roman theater is the largest north of the Alps. The structure was 116 meters wide and could accommodate about 10,000 spectators.

The Tomb of Drusus is an empty sarcophagus built after the death of the legionary commander who founded the Roman camp at the mouth of the Main. In the Middle Ages it was used as a watchtower. The attraction is located near the citadel.

Sacred architecture

Cathedral of st. Martina is the main religious building in Mainz, founded at the end of the 10th century. This is a grandiose masterpiece of sacred architecture. In many ways, the cathedral received its modern look in the 11-13th century and in fact is a whole complex of buildings. For more than a thousand-year history, it suffered several times from severe fires and was significantly rebuilt. Here are the old tombs of the archbishops of Mainz. The Romanesque chapel of St. Gottarda, a late Gothic monastery and museum with antiquity rarities.

Church of Christ is a beautiful religious building in the Italian Renaissance style, built in the 19th century. The 80-meter dome strikingly stands out among the sacral buildings of Mainz and resembles St. Peter in Rome. Although the church is Protestant.

The Augustine Church in the center of the old city was hardly damaged during the bombing of the Second World War. The church stands out for its beautiful rococo interior. It was founded in the 13th century for the poor Augustinian order. In the 18th century, the church was rebuilt and received a modern look.

Church of st. Christophe is an old Gothic church built in the 13th century and destroyed in 1945.

Church of st. Johannes is the oldest church in Mainz and one of the oldest religious buildings in Germany. It was founded in the 6th century during the Merovingian era. The building is 16 meters high. The church has retained some of the original elements of the early Middle Ages. In the 17th century it was rebuilt in the Baroque style, and during the Napoleonic Wars it was used by the French as a warehouse. In 1828 it was transferred to the Protestant community.

The Carmelite Church is a monastery church founded in the 13th century. It is the only surviving medieval monastery church in Mainz. During the secularization, the monastery was abolished at the beginning of the 19th century. Despite many reconstructions, the church has retained most of the original elements, except for the ceiling paintings.

Church of st. Ignaz is a beautiful baroque and classicist church built in the 18th century. The red facade is decorated with sandstone figures.

Church of st. Petra is a baroque and rococo masterpiece. It was founded in the 10th century. The old church building was demolished in the middle of the 18th century and a new one was built. Here you can find artistic and cultural treasures of the past.

Sights and places of interest in Mainz.

The Old Town or Altstadt is very compact, cozy and beautiful. Tranquil squares, carefully restored half-timbered houses, magnificent churches and remarkable Baroque buildings give the old town of Mainz a special charm and atmosphere. Baroque and Rococo facades hide shops, cozy cafes, pubs and wine bars. The winding cobbled streets of Altstadt are pleasant to walk, the heart of the city constantly pulsates here and something is always happening.

The Gutenberg Museum is one of the most interesting museums in Mainz, where you can get acquainted with 4000 years of the history of literary culture. The figure of Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of printing, plays a key role here. Among the museum's greatest treasures are two original Gutenberg Bibles from the mid-15th century. The reconstruction of his workshop is very interesting.

The Market or Markt is one of the oldest and most beautiful weekly markets in Germany. It takes place three times a week.

Of the 44 medieval tower gates of Mainz, only 3 have survived to this day: the Iron, Wooden and Alexander Towers.

The Iron Tower was built in 1240 and is located near the Gutenberg Museum. This six-story tower gets its name from the iron market, which was once held here on the banks of the Rhine.

Carnival Fountain - located on Schiller Square and is a fairly young architectural monument (70s of the 20th century). More than 200 figures are used in the sculptural composition.

Electoral Palace - located on the banks of the Rhine and stands out with a bright, sandy-red facade. It is a unique example of late German Renaissance architecture. This is one of the most important secular buildings in Mainz.

The Citadel is one of the most important monuments in the history of Mainz and one of the few surviving citadels in Germany. Here you can find evidence of the city's 2,000 years of history, from the Roman theater to the 20th century Lutheran Church. The citadel was built in 1660 on Jacobsberg.

Gutenberg Square is one of the central and largest squares in Mainz.

The Cherry Orchard is an atmospheric quarter of medieval Mainz with half-timbered houses from the 15th-18th centuries. The quarter was founded around 1329.

In this article, you will learn about the capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, which is an old German city. It will amaze you with its beauty, landscapes and architecture.

The geographical location of Mainz.

The city is located in the southwestern part of Germany and is the capital of Rhineland-Palatinate. The city stands on the banks of the Rhine, close to Frankfurt am Main. It covers an area of \u200b\u200babout 98 square kilometers, the population of Mainz is over 205 thousand people.

Historical background of Mainz.

As early as the Roman era, Mainz was considered an important region. The history of the city began 2000 years ago, in the distant XIII century BC, when the Roman camp was formed on Kestrich. Then the city was called Mogontiacium, the name has Celtic roots, it is directly related to the name of the Celtic god Mogon. After some time, the city became one of the largest military, administrative and cultural centers located north of the Alps, along with Trier and Cologne.

The place was of special importance, this is also confirmed by excavations, including the triumphal arch of Germanicus and Roman ships. The camp was originally made of wood, but after the unrest of AD 69-70, it was rebuilt from stone. In the 90s, Mainz became the capital of "Upper Germany", at the same time pompous buildings began to appear like the palace of the governor, located near the bridge over the Rhine.

It is believed that at that time a Roman theater already existed here, on the site of which the South Station now stands. Gradually, this region was subjected to the onslaught of the Germanic tribe of Alemans. Initially, the city wall defended, but after a century the Romans were still forced to leave the camp.

In 368, the Alemani prince devastated the city, and in 406 the Vandals, Suevi, Alans did the same. This marked the end of Roman rule over the territory of Mainz.

The 18th century is considered the century of the Mainz Republic, later the Rhine-German Convention arose within the framework of the Rhine-German Free State. At the end of the same century, there was annexation to France, then a siege, shelling and, finally, the elimination of the Mainz Republic.

For a long time, it was Mainz that was the connecting element between Eastern and Western Europe, this contributed to its cultural and economic prosperity. It is also considered the birthplace of book printing.

Unfortunately, during the Second World War, the city was badly destroyed, but most of the monuments were restored. At the same time, it initially seemed that the war had bypassed the capital of the region, since the bombing here began only in 1942. The largest of them occurred at the end of the war - in 1945.

Today the city can be seen in all its glory. The old part is full of half-timbered buildings, there are many winding streets. The city combines the era of modernism and the Baroque-Renaissance.

In 1477, a university was opened in the city; it was with its opening that Mainz began to be perceived also as a university city.

Mainz landmarks.

While in Mainz, you should definitely see its main attractions. So, you can start with Mainz Cathedral. It is the Episcopal Church of the Roman Catholic Diocese and is under the patronage of Saint Martin von Thors. The Romanesque style of the cathedral is harmoniously combined with elements of the Baroque and Gothic. It is also one of the imperial cathedrals. In the Middle Ages, the rulers of the country were crowned here. It is believed that construction began in 975 at the initiative of Archbishop Willigiz. From time to time, the cathedral experienced partial destruction. But surprisingly, during the numerous bombings during the Second World War, the vault of the cathedral remained intact. In the post-war years, restoration work and completion of the cathedral were carried out. This cathedral is one of the richest Christian cathedrals, most of all its altars and tombstones are valued.

The next destination in Mainz could be Schiller Square. The square is one of the focal points of inner Mainz. It used to be used as a market place. Along its perimeter, there are buildings from the Rococo and Baroque periods and the city's famous monuments, which include the carnival fountain, which marks the buffoonery season. Opposite the fountain, you can see the palace of Elector Ostain, built in the eighteenth century. For many centuries, the square was renamed several times, but after the erection of a monument to Schiller for his centenary, the name that is still known to this day was fixed. There are many green spaces on the square, through which you can also get to the pedestrian zone full of cafes and shops.

Another attraction of Mainz is the botanical garden. The garden is located at the Johannes Gutenberg University, it began to be created in 1946 - 1955, moreover, on the territory previously used for agricultural needs and military exercises. The botanist Wilhelm Troll founded and became the first director of the garden. The garden covers an area of \u200b\u200b10 hectares, where you can see approximately 8,500 plants from all over the world. Plants are kept both in open space and in specially equipped rooms. The botanical garden's employees set themselves the task of studying and preserving various plant species. It is noteworthy that those who wish can get here the profession of a gardener specializing in the cultivation of ornamental plants. Both townspeople and tourists who value beauty and tranquility, and also want to take a break from the bustle of the city, love to walk in the botanical garden.

Theatergoers can visit the State Theater Mainz. It is located on the Gutenberg square and is considered one of the most beautiful theaters in the city. It was built by Georg Moler in the period from 1829 to 1833; until 1989, the tetra was called the city. The most famous theater in Mainz is also famous for its architectural style: it has a rounded auditorium and facade, which was modeled on the Roman Colosseum. The theater houses a large and a small hall, and the small one was built only in 1997, as well as the premises of the former cinema. The theater's repertoire is so diverse that it can satisfy every taste and preference.

Mainz has a sufficient number of cathedrals and churches, so another famous and worthy of your attention church is the Church of St. Stephen. It is a Catholic church built in 990 by order of Archbishop Willigis on the highest point of Mainz. In 1011 he was buried in this church, but the location of his grave has not been established at present. For several centuries, the bell tower of the church was the highest point of the city, from which a wonderful view of the central part of Mainz opened up. The windows in the altar of the church are one of a kind; since 1978, Marc Chagall, famous all over the world, has been engaged in their design. The windows are painted on different themes from the Old and New Testaments. One of the most famous scenes is the scene of the expulsion of Adam and Eve from paradise. After Chagall's death, his students continued the work. Visitors are especially impressed by the color scheme that combines shades of blue, yellow, red, green.

The monument to Gutenberg is worth seeing, which rises on the square of the same name. The monument was erected in 1837. It was Gutenberg who laid the foundation for printing in the 15th century, his invention was ranked among the best discoveries of the millennium. The essence of the invention was as follows: movable letters were taken for typing, they were arranged in lines, then a print on paper was obtained using a press. This discovery spread throughout the world. And his main work was the Gutenberg Bible, known for its high aesthetic fullness and technical design.

Finally, you can take a walk in the Mainz City Park, located between the districts of Altstadt and Oberstadt. The park was laid out in the style of an English landscape park, and the sketches were made by landscape architect Peter Wolf. The impression is made by large lawns framed by tall trees and a flower clock located at one of the entrances. One cannot but admire the rose garden, which offers to admire 7,500 roses on an area of \u200b\u200b9,500 square meters. Every year on the last weekend of August and the first weekend in September, a wine fair is held here, which attracts approximately 150,000 visitors. In addition, about 200 species of animals can be seen in the park, mainly birds, fish and reptiles.

Conclusion.

Arriving in Mainz, you are sure to experience its extraordinary atmosphere, imbued with the friendliness of the locals. And especially you will feel it while walking in the old center, as well as along the banks of the Rhine, or visiting the city market.

The ancient German city of Mainz with a population of over 209 thousand is the capital of the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Located on the west bank of the Rhine. It is an important industrial center of the region, known all over the world for its wineries and an important cultural and scientific center for the country. In 2011 he was awarded the title of City of Science. On the other side of the river is the spa town of Wiesbaden.

Mainz has one of the best universities in the country, and the offices of famous TV and radio companies are located. It was the native of the city J. Gutenberg who created the European typography. Today he plays a significant role in the political, economic and cultural life of the country. The city, which is more than two millennia old, is visited by thousands of tourists from different countriesto get to know local attractions.

At the beginning of our era, where Mainz is now, there was a large Roman military settlement. He had his own religious buildings, one of which was a sculptural column, which was dedicated to the god Jupiter. This unique monument from the period of the Roman Empire was discovered by chance among the fragments left after archaeological expenses.

During the year, scientists assembled a column, which is exhibited in the Roman-Germanic Museum of the city. The column is believed to have been made by the Romans in the first century. It belongs to the most complex and well-preserved artifacts of the ancient Roman era.

Location: Mainz Republic space.

One of the most memorable sights of this German city is the famous local carnival, which starts every year on Shrove Tuesday. This holiday shows Germans not as dry and restrained as some think. For three days, the city is full of great fun, captivating the citizens and guests of Mainz.

To achieve good luck in business, it is customary in the Rhine to "wash" wallets early Wednesday morning during the carnival.

In the historic center of the city stands the majestic Cathedral of Saints Martin and Stephen, often called Mainzen Cathedral. It amazes with the abundance of naves and chapels, various sculptures, luxurious difference. Several organs play here. The temple is over a thousand years old.

The cathedral is considered one of the richest in the Christian world. Its numerous restorations after destruction have preserved in architecture, in addition to the Romanesque basis, Gothic elements and solutions characteristic of the Renaissance and Baroque. The interiors of the cathedral are rich in works of sacred art that have been collected for more than one hundred years.

Location: Markt - 10.

Now active monastery Carmelites were founded in the 13th century. The main church was built in the next century. The temple experienced destruction, fires and arson. During World War II, the facades were seriously damaged by Allied bombing.

The monks made a lot of efforts to restore the monastery. The damage was quickly and efficiently repaired. Today, tourists have the opportunity to view the architectural elements of the monastery, medieval paintings and bas-reliefs, as well as a unique medieval altar.

Location: Karmeliterstrase - 7.

In the 19th century, a bridge was built across the Rhine, connecting the center of Mainz with its area on the opposite bank. Once upon a time, a ferry of the ancient Romans worked at this place, the foundation of which has been preserved to this day.

The built wide and graceful 475-meter long bridge has become a decoration of the city. Its spans are decorated with colorful mosaic panels; beautiful lanterns are installed on both sides of the roadway. Partially destroyed during the war, after the restoration of the bridge, it received the name of the first President of the Federal Republic of Germany Theodor Heuss.

This beautiful Baroque palace, built in 1730, was intended for the Master of the Teutonic Organ. Later it was called the German house. It is known for the fact that after the conquest of German lands by Napoleon Bonaparte, the palace became the residence of the French emperor.

After the departure of the French troops, one of the great dukes lived there. Currently, the Mainz Parliament and the city administration services work in the German House.

Location: Platz der Mainzer Republik - 1.

The building of the Armory was built on the banks of the Rhine in the middle of the 18th century. It is decorated with a sculptural image of Mars, the god of war. Nearby is the coat of arms of the elector, shields, flags and various military symbols. This place was of great strategic importance.

Near it there was a military town with soldiers' barracks, a pontoon bridge, defensive structures of the fortress wall. The room of the armory is currently used as a city office. Access to it is limited. However, this does not interfere with admiring the surrounding views.

The famous Mainz native J. Gutenberg is known as the pioneer of European typography. One of the memorable symbols of the city is a bronze monument erected to him in 1837.

Its author is the Danish sculptor B. Torvalien. Over time, the monument was damaged by corrosion and cracks in the metal. During a two-year restoration from 2008 to 2010, German metal restoration experts meticulously brought the monument back to its original form.

Location: Gutenbergpl - 5.

Here in the Middle Ages there was a place of trade rows. The square, immersed in greenery, has a triangular shape. It received its present name after the installation of the monument to F. Schiller in 1962.

There are many wonderful Baroque houses around it, decorated with rich vegetation and gardens. In 1967, a carnival fountain was erected on the square, depicting participants in the traditional Mainzen masquerade procession. The pedestrian zone in the city center starts from here.

Location: Chillerplatz - 4.

This building was built on the site of an old traditional medieval town hall, which was damaged during the Second World War. Built in the 70s of the last century, it is not a masterpiece of architecture.

It is a functional gray building, built on the banks of the Rhine, with a clear modern geometry. It is unusual among old buildings in the central part of the city. Its notable feature is that it represents not only the city's governance structure, but also a modern cultural center.

Location: Rheinstraße.

This brightly colored structure, decorated with various allegorical symbols, is considered one of the most valuable city attractions of the Renaissance period. Its creation on the market square in the 16th century is associated with difficult times when the townspeople needed drinking water and support.

The symbols depicted on it, such as the scales of Justice, hourglass and skulls, and others, said that nothing under the moon lasts forever. For more than one century, lovers have met near this fountain, the residents of Meissen spend their free time.

Location: Korbgäßchen.

The Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainzen is one of the ten largest German universities. It is, in fact, a city within a city where people live and study 35 thousand students... The university has ten departments, which train specialists in a variety of areas, ranging from theology and medicine to chemistry and geographical disciplines.

The university includes one and a half hundred institutes and clinics of the medical department, as well as the Higher Schools of Music and Arts. It is among the first in the exchange of students with foreign universities and in the number of foreign students studying. Training in it is free.

It was created on the basis of the city's Institute of Archeology and placed in the Electoral Palace, which is also called the Elector's Palace. It is a beautiful building with a gabled roof, turrets, ornate bas-reliefs and narrow vaulted windows.

The museum has a huge number of exhibits related to the activities of the Romans in the city. Visitors are given the opportunity to get acquainted with the work of the restorers.

This Catholic church was founded in the X century, then destroyed and in the XVIII century was built in its present form. It is considered to be one of the most important city monuments, combining austerity with luxury in the early Baroque style. During an air raid in 1942, the church was badly damaged.

The old organ and unique frescoes were lost. In the postwar years, the temple was restored. In the XX and XXI centuries, an altar decorated with painting and bronze sculptures were installed. Organ concerts are held at the working church on weekends.

Location: Petersstraße - 3.

On the highest hill in the city stands the Catholic parish church of St. Stephen. It was founded by a prominent statesman and church leader, the head of the German church, Archbishop Willigis. This temple is considered the oldest among the Gothic temples in the city.

It is notable for the fact that in 1973 the great Marc Chagall created unusual stained-glass windows that had no analogues in Germany. Several windows for the facade of the church, which the artist managed to create before his death, are made in bright blue colors on the theme of biblical subjects. In 2013, the church received the most modern organ.

Location: Kleine Weißgasse - 12.