Life Guards Volyn Regiment
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Historical reference
Seniority - December 12, 1806. Regimental holiday - December 12 - St. Spyridon.
Dislocation - Warsaw, artillery barracks (09/17/1814-11/17/1830), St. Petersburg. (1832), Kronstadt (1832-36), Oranienbaum (1836-1856), Warsaw (1856-1914)
Regimental March
The march of the Volyn Regiment is very measured and extremely mannered, its melody is not forgotten, it cannot be confused with any other, the march seems to have just returned from a high society ball...))) In the form of a music file attached to the text of the essay and a download link at the top of the page on website Izba-reading room, on the website PROZA.Ru the link will be placed in the review of this article.
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Content:
1. Organization
2. Military campaigns
3. Commanders and chiefs
4. Insignia
Chest sign
Regimental anniversary badge
Chief's Anniversary Badge

Regimental priests
Regimental doctors
6. Knights of St. George
Order of St. George 4th Art.
St. George's weapon
St. George's Cross, 1st class.
St. George's Cross, 2nd class.
St. George's Cross, 3rd class.
St. George's Cross, 4th class.
Illustrations
Sources
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1. Organization
07/16/1814 - it was ordered to allocate the 1st battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment (commander - Colonel Ushakov, Colonel Rall 4th, 13 chief officers, 60 non-commissioned officers, 11 drummers, 2 flute players and 800 privates) a separate guards detachment sent to Warsaw and intended to serve as the backbone of the new Polish troops then being deployed.
09.1814 - the battalion was replenished with recovered ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment (117 combatant and 6 non-combatant ranks)
10/22/1817 - the battalion actually deployed a regiment of 2 battalions, for which 502 natives of the Vilna, Minsk, Grodno, Volyn, Podolsk and Bialystok regions were allocated from the guards regiments: 21 non-commissioned officers, 46 musicians, 432 privates and 3 non-combatants. The officers were replenished from the 27th and 28th Infantry Divisions from natives of the Polish provinces.
12/7/1817 - 1st battalion of the Finnish Life Guards Regiment was renamed His Majesty's Volyn Life Guards Regiment.
04/16/1818 - the regiment was given a staff of 2 battalions.
01/25/1842 - the 4th reserve battalion was formed.
03/10/1854 - the 4th reserve battalion was transferred to the 4th active battalion. The 5th reserve battalion was formed.
08/20/1854 - The 5th reserve battalion was renamed to reserve. The 6th reserve battalion was formed.
09/17/1854 - the 4th active, 5th reserve and 6th reserve battalions were assigned to the Life Guards of the Volyn Reserve Regiment.
02/09/1856 - rifle companies were formed from the best shooters for each battalion of the regiment.
08/06/1856 - the Life Guards Volyn Regiment and the Life Guards Volyn Reserve Regiment were reorganized into one - the Life Guards Volyn Reserve Regiment, consisting of 3 active battalions with 3 rifle companies.
08/19/1857 - The 3rd battalion was named reserve and disbanded for peacetime.
04/30/1863 - 3rd active battalion formed
02/06/1875 - the 4th battalion consisting of 4 companies was formed from the rifle companies of the regiment.
08/07/1877 - in connection with the regiment’s performance in the theater of operations, a reserve battalion was formed.
09/09/1878 - the reserve battalion was disbanded.
01/26/1901 - the regiment was given seniority from 12/12/1806 (PVV No. 37)
07/18/1914 - in connection with mobilization, a reserve battalion was formed
05/09/1917 - the reserve battalion was deployed in the Volyn Reserve Regiment of the Guard (Petrograd Military District No. 262)
In the summer of 1919, he had 2 companies in the 2nd battalion of the 2nd Consolidated Guards Regiment; on September 16, 1919, a battalion was formed in the Consolidated Regiment of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division (the 4th company operated separately). On November 2, 1919, there were more than 200 bayonets. In the Russian Army from 08.1920 he formed a company in the 3rd battalion of the Consolidated Guards Infantry Regiment.
1920 - a regimental association in emigration was formed in Sremski Karlovice - “Society of Messrs. officers of the Life Guards Volyn Regiment." A regiment museum was formed, and the almanac "Vestnik Volynets" was published. In 1929 there were 77 members, in 1951 there were 29 people.
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2. Military campaigns
07/16/1814 - it was ordered to allocate the 1st battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment
07/26/1814 - the battalion set out for Warsaw
09/17/1814 - solemnly entered Warsaw and settled in artillery barracks (then Volyn barracks)
1830-31 - suppression of the Polish rebellion:
11/17/1830 - at the beginning of the Polish rebellion, the regiment was serving in Warsaw. When the uprising broke out, the rebels' plan to take the guards detachment by surprise and disarm it was thwarted by the regimental ensign Aksyuka, who promptly warned the command.
11/18/1830 - the regiment as part of the guards detachment left Warsaw.
02/12/1831 - took part in the battle of Grakhov
05/14/1831 - took part in the battle of Ostroleka.
06/06/1831 - participating in the battle on the Ponar Heights, repelled the attacks of 4 Jaeger battalions, launched a counterattack and put them to flight.
06.12.-07.3.1831 - participated in the pursuit of Gelgud’s detachment, making its way to Lithuania.
08/06/1831 - crossed the river. Vistula.
08/25/26/1831 - during the assault on Warsaw, the regiment detached hunters (half battalion), who acted at the head of the columns that stormed the Volska and Jerusalem outposts.
02/13/1831 - took part in the battle near Vilna
10/27/1831 - set out from Warsaw to St. Petersburg
1849 - Hungarian campaign: on a campaign with guard units to Brest, did not participate in hostilities
1853-1856 - Crimean War:
02.1854 - redeployed to Estland to protect the Baltic coast from possible landings of the Anglo-French flotilla and settled near Revel.
08.1854 - The 4th battalion was sent to Revel, where it allocated 1000 people to replenish the 1st, 2nd and 3rd battalions and returned to St. Petersburg.
1855 - the Life Guards Volyn Reserve Regiment was advanced to Vyborg, where the 11th, 13th and 15th Jaeger companies had skirmishes with the English landing force and a shootout with ships. For the battle of the village of Makslyakse on May 23, 1855, the 13th and 15th Jaeger companies were the only ones in the entire guard during the war of 1853-56. received the Military Order Insignia (one per company).
1862 - relocated to Warsaw
1863-64 - suppression of the Polish rebellion:
1863 - acted in units against the rebels
04/2/1863 - defeated the rebels in the Babitsky forest near Warsaw.
1877-1878 - Russian-Turkish war:
06/22/1877 - the regiment began mobilization.
09/06/1877 - the regiment crossed the Danube and was sent to Plevna with the task of carrying out an intensified demonstration to divert part of the Turkish troops from Gorny Dubnyak towards the village of Trnin.
10/12/1877 - after a small skirmish, the regiment occupied the village of Trnin, as well as a nearby mountain called Volynskaya.
10/7/11/28/1877 - participated in the siege and capture of the city. Plevna
November 13-18, 1877 - participated in the crossing of the Balkans
12/19/1877 - participated in the battle of Tashkisen. After a stubborn 4-hour battle, having suffered heavy losses, including the commander being seriously wounded, the regiment, despite heavy enemy fire and deep snow, occupied a key point of Turkish defense - the so-called Directive Mountain. The regiment commander, Major General Mirkovich, was wounded in the neck.
01/3-5/1878 - participated in the battle near Philippopolis. He supported the 1st brigade of his division, which captured the center of the position near the village of Karagach.
01/5/1878 - the regiment knocked out the Turks from the town of Belesnitsa.
1914-1918 - First World War: as part of the 18th, 23rd Army and 2nd Guards Corps, he took part in the combat operations of the 2nd and 10th armies on the Northwestern and Western fronts on the territory of the Kingdom of Poland, in the Volyn province; as part of the 8th and Special Armies - on Southwestern Front, on the territory of the Podolsk province.
11/1/1914 - the regiment took part in the vanguard battle near the village of Chelmno in the region of the village. Hep
5-6.11.1914 - conducted military operations in the vicinity of the village. Konstantinov - Bobichki village on p. Hep
November 20-24, 1914 - participated in rearguard battles in Lodz positions
6-8.12.1914 - took part in battles in the district of dd. Księżeva Wola - Byszewice.
01.-02.1915 - was in reserve
02.28.-03.2.1915 - led offensive battles in the district of dd. Cerpenty - Buda
05/19-23/1915 - took part in the battles near the dd. Menkish Stare and Nowe
05/25/1915 - mastered Art. Bortniks, crossed the river. Dniester in the district of Zhuravno.
06/05/1915 - took part in battles in the region of the village of Brusno-Nove
06/15/1915 - took part in the battle near Tomashev
07/1-3/1915 - took part in the battles near the village of Zabortse.
4-5.09.1915 - took part in battles in the district of dd. Tartak - Kulishki - pom. Crow.
10.1915-06.1916 - was in reserve.
07/15-30/1916 - participated in offensive battles on the river. Stokhod.
3, 09/07/1916 - took part in the battles in the area of the Sadovo metro station - the village of Shelvov.
10-12.1916 - was in reserve.
01.-05.1917 - fought positional battles at the Zvinyache-Tereshkovets position
06.1917 - took part in the offensive in the district of dd. Tyutkow - Dorachow - Zubow - Sadyki.
02.25-27.1917 - February Revolution:
02/25/1917 - the regiment's training team received an order to go to Znamenskaya Square and carry out combat duty there from 8 am to 12 am. At 11 o'clock in the afternoon, a company of the training team opened fire on demonstrators at the monument to Alexander III. Senior non-commissioned officer Timofey Kirpichnikov, walking around the rear of the line, persuaded his comrades not to harm the demonstrators. In the evening, the training team was taken to the barracks in Vilensky Lane.
02/26/1917 - in the morning the team was taken to Znamenskaya Square, with orders not to let any of the demonstrators onto Nevsky Prospekt. By 12 noon, a huge crowd of people moved from Goncharnaya Street to Nevsky, but were met with machine-gun and rifle fire. The head of the training team, Captain Lashkevich, demanded that his subordinates shoot to kill and threatened them with severe punishment for failure to comply with orders. Snatching rifles from the soldiers, he tried to shoot them at the demonstrators himself. As darkness fell, the team was taken to the barracks. That night the team decided not to go out to suppress demonstrations anymore. Particularly active were platoon non-commissioned officers and squad commanders, who, led by Kirpichnikov, decided not to shoot at people again under any circumstances.
02/27/1917 - in the morning the training team was lined up in the corridor of the barracks to be sent again to Znamenskaya Square. The soldiers refused to obey. The enraged Lashkevich ran out into the yard for help, but was killed by Kirpichnikov (?) with a shot from the window. Kirpichnikov led the training team outside the barracks gates, followed by the entire battalion. The rebels moved to the barracks of the Lithuanian regiment, whose soldiers went over to the side of the revolution. Mixed with the crowd, they approached the barracks of the Sapper Regiment, where they were greeted with music. Soon they were joined by soldiers of the Preobrazhensky Regiment.
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3. Commanders and chiefs
Chiefs.
08/18/1818-06/15/1831 - Grand Duke Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich
06/25/1831-08/28/1849 - Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich
2.02.1850-5.08.1878 - Grand Duke Nikolai Konstantinovich
12/19/1879-03/4/1917 - Grand Duke Nikolai Alexandrovich (from November 2, 1894 - Emperor Nicholas II) - in memory of the anniversary of the battle near Tashkisen
Regimental commanders
01/22/1818-12/4/1819 - Colonel (from October 6, 1817 - Major General) Ushakov Petr Sergeevich
4.12.1819-17.11.1830 - Colonel Esakov Dmitry Semenovich
11/17/1830-01/14/1842 - Major General Ovander Vasily Yakovlevich
01/14/1842-12/6/1849 - Major General Dovbyshev Grigory Danilovich
6.12.1849-4.05.1855 - Major General Baron Korf Pavel Ivanovich
11/23/1855-11/9/1859 - Colonel Daragan Dmitry Dmitrievich
9.11.1859-15.08.1863 - Major General Baron Kridener Nikolai Pavlovich
08/26/1863-08/20/1865 - Major General Ral Vasily Fedorovich
08/27/1865-06/12/1866 - Major General of the Retinue Georgy Petrovich Vlasov
06/12/1866-01/14/1876 - Major General Dmitry Dmitrievich Prokhorov
01/28/1876-02/19/1881 - Major General of the Mirkovich Suite Mikhail Fedorovich
02/19/1881-09/22/1886 - Major General Rykachev Stepan Vasilievich
1.10.1886-16.04.1891 - Major General Yakubovsky Ivan Osipovich
04/29/1891-07/2/1900 - Major General Dmitry Narkizovich Komarov
03.08.1900-10.01.1905 - Major General Domozhirov Petr Petrovich
01/10/1905-02/04/1909 - Major General Nikolai Alekseevich Klyuev
02/13/1909-02/04/1914 - Major General Alexander Fedorovich Turbin
02/04/1914-01/25/1915 - Major General Gerua Alexander Vladimirovich
01/31/1915-03/28/1917 - Major General Alexey Efimovich Kushakevich
03.28.-04.30.1917 - Colonel Pyotr Pavlovich Tishevsky
04.30.-06.16.1917 - Colonel Yatsimirsky Vladimir Evgenievich
06.16.-10.10.1917 - Colonel Polivanov Andrey Nikolaevich
10.10.-23.11.1917 - Colonel Yatsimirsky Vladimir Evgenievich
November 23, 1917-1918 - Colonel Sokolov Anatoly Alexandrovich
1920-? gg. - General Alexey Efimovich Kushakevich - head of the regimental association in exile
Numbered in the regiment:
07/30/1904-03/4/1917 - Grand Duke and heir Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich
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4. Insignia
08/13/1817 - drawings were approved for the St. George banners with the inscription: “For distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from Russia in 1812.” modeled after the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment.
01/01/1818 - St. George's banners were consecrated.
12/7/1818 - granted High. gr. to the St. George Banners.
04/17/1878 - for the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. The regiment was awarded a badge for headdresses with the inscription: “For distinction in the Turkish campaign of 1877-78.”
09/30/1878 - for the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. The regiment was awarded a headdress badge with the inscription: “For Tashkisen December 19, 1877.” (instead of the inscription “For distinction in the Turkish campaign of 1877-78”)
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for 1914
01.1818 - with a special Highest rescript, silver trumpets with the inscription were transferred to the regiment: “As a reward for excellent bravery and courage shown in the battle of Leipzig on October 4, 1813,” deserved by the 1st battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment.
For the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-78. The regiment was awarded a headdress badge with the inscription: “For Tashkisen December 19, 1877.” (formerly: “For distinction in the Turkish campaign of 1877-78”).
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Chest sign
Approved - December 7, 1911
The regiment, descended from the Finnish Life Guards, had the same golden Militia Cross, on which was placed a silver shako coat of arms from the time the regiment was founded, with the coat of arms of the Lithuanian Corps (a silver horseman on a red background). Under the eagle is the coat of arms of Volyn, i.e. a silver cross on a red shield framed by a silver rim.
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Regimental anniversary badge
Approved - 12/11/1906
Gold Polish Virtuti Military cross with black border. In the center, on a crimson circle framed by green leaves, is the silver monogram of Emperor Nicholas II. Above and below the circle are the dates: “1806” and “1906”. Between the ends of the cross are the silver cyphers of the Emperors Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II and Alexander III
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Chief's Anniversary Badge
The sign was installed on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Patronage of the Sovereign. Silver monogram under the Imperial crown on a background of crimson enamel. Under the gold monogram “XXV”. The badge is framed by a gold wreath, on the bottom of which is placed a silver insignia of the regiment with the inscription: “For Tashkisen. December 19, 1877."
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5. Church of the regiment in the name of St. Spyridon, Bishop of Trimifuntsky
The marching (attached to the regiment) church has existed since 1817. This church accompanied the regiment during the Turkish War of 1877-1878.
In Oranienbaum. The church is located in the center of the mountainous part of the city, adjacent to the Palace Park, along Ilikovsky Avenue. The church was originally built by the will of Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna and the support of His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, commander of the Separate Guards Corps, in October 2, 1838, to house a military camp church Life Guards Volyn Regiment. By order of the Highest, the Volyn Life Guards Regiment was transferred to Warsaw in 1856. The iconostasis and all the utensils from the temple were taken by the regiment, and the building itself was transferred to the Life Guard Training Sapper Half-Battalion, which arrived in the same year in the city of Oranienbaum. After the disbandment of the half-battalion in 1859, the Church of St. Spyridonius with all its utensils and sacristy was temporarily under the jurisdiction of the Oranienbaum palace clergy, who served there until 1861.
In 1861, instead of the Model Infantry Regiment stationed in Tsarskoe Selo, a Training Infantry Battalion was formed and was located in the city of Oranien-baum; The Church of St. Spyridonius was also transferred to the Training Infantry Battalion. In the same year, it was expanded by adding two side chapels without altars. In 1882, by order of the Highest Sovereign Emperor, instead of the Training Infantry Battalion, the Officer Rifle School was established in Oranienbaum, to which, along with other buildings, the Church of St. Spyridonius with all the icons and utensils was transferred. On October 2, 1895, due to the dilapidation of the church building, work began on dismantling the old building and building a new church (The construction cost over 22,000 rubles, including church funds up to 12,000 rubles, from the Engineering Department 8,500 rubles and private donations up to 2,000 rub.). The newly built temple was consecrated on August 27, 1896.
The newly rebuilt church - one-story, wooden, on a granite foundation, with stone pillars to support the dome, with choirs - has a length of 15 fathoms, a width of 9 fathoms. and height with dome 12 fathoms. The walls of the temple and ceilings are decorated with elegant carvings and painted with pale pink oil paint, and 4 icons of the Evangelists are placed in the sails of the dome. The throne is marble.
Among the valuable and especially revered icons in the temple are: 1) 6 company images transferred to the Church of St. Spyridon from the abolished Model Regiment; 2) the image of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Spring”, a very ancient letter, presented as a gift to Mrs. A.P. Taborskaya; this icon is in the family of Messrs. Taborskikh stayed for about 250 years and, according to family memories, many miraculous cases of the mercy of the Queen of Heaven were associated with her.
Among the items of historical nature, the following are kept in the temple: 1) the banner of the Model Regiment, which was assigned to the Officer Rifle School; carried out at all church parades; 2) a certificate of awarding the banner with the handwritten signature of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas I.
According to the staff of the church, there is one priest. The church house for the priest - wooden, iron-roofed, one-story - was built in 1900 using church funds.
In 1909, the house church of the Naval Training and Rifle Command was assigned to the church, to which the ship’s priest was assigned for worship in the winter.
In Warsaw. Currently, the regimental church (with a capacity of up to 300 people) is located in the stone building of the Mostovsky barracks, on the street. Moving No. 10.
The church building is a longitudinal hall (41 arches long) with 8 windows on the sides facing into the barracks courtyard, four ovens and one entrance. The altar part is included in interior space adjacent barracks; there are no windows on the sides, and the light falls from above from the ceiling, which has a glass frame. Above the front part of the church there are spacious choirs for singers. The interior of the church has moldings and parquet floors. The iconostasis is four-tiered, painted with white oil paint.
The attractions of the church include the icon of the Mother of God "Consolation and Consolation" with the inscription: "Grateful to the Volyn Regiment as a sign of blessing, the Bulgarian Church, 1878, May 12, Constantinople. Exarch of Bulgaria Meletius, Metropolitan of Ohrid Nathanael." There are also gifts from the Highest Persons.
The camp Alexander Nevsky Church of the 3rd Guards Division, located in the Mokotovsky camp, is assigned to this church.
This church is wooden, built in an exemplary manner in the Old Russian style; they are walking around her outside large balconies with columns. Built by the support of all ranks of the 3rd Guards Division under the command of Lieutenant General Dandeville.
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6. Knights of St. George
Order of St. George 4th Art.
Amelyanovich-Pavlenko Mikhail Vladimirovich, Colonel - Highest order of 07/18/1916
Vedenyaev Boris Mikhailovich, second lieutenant - Highest order of 05/31/1915 (see)
Vedenyaev Sergey Mikhailovich, second lieutenant - order for the army and navy dated March 4, 1917 (see)
Mirkovich Mikhail Fedorovich, major general, regiment commander - 05/05/1878
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St. George's weapon
Belov Vasily Nikolaevich, staff captain - order for the 7th Army dated November 21, 1917 (see)
Bovbelsky Mecheslav Konstantinovich, staff captain - order for the army and navy dated March 4, 1917.
Byrdin Boris Nikolaevich, lieutenant - The highest order of July 27, 1916
Vernikovsky Georgy Konstantinovich, staff captain - Highest order dated May 24, 1916
Golembatovsky Vladimir Mikhailovich, second lieutenant - Highest order dated July 27, 1916
Evseev Evgeniy Vladimirovich, staff captain - Highest order dated May 24, 1916
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Regimental song
According to the Tsar's word, far north
Volynsky is our combat regiment
Sent his company, together with the Finns
Celebrate the centennial anniversary.

The carriages quickly rushed us to the capital,
We walked along the streets for a long time,
The Izmail residents met us with a march to their relatives,
The Finns brought bread and salt.

Volyn residents burned with desire alone:
See the King soon.
And so we appeared before the Royal eyes
On the twelfth day of December.

The king came out, taking the Heir in his arms
And he went around all the rows with him;
Raising the greeting charm high,
“Thank you,” he said, “well done,”

That royal reception, that royal caress
We will keep you in our hearts forever.
About the Royal Reception, like about a wondrous fairy tale,
We will tell our grandchildren.

We received a new banner in return
For the old banner of victories,
So that the new banner will be faithfully served
And they remembered the ancestors' covenant.
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Sources
Bulletin of Volynets, No. 1 from 5.05.1929,
Luganin A. Experience in the history of the Life Guards Volyn Regiment, part 1: 1817-1849, Warsaw, 1884
Lukash I. Volyntsy, Pg, 1917.
Chapkevich E.I. Russian Guard in the February Revolution // Questions of History, 2002, No. 9.

100 years ago, on February 27, 1917, there was a mutiny in the Life Guards Volyn Regiment.

The uprising of the Petrograd garrison, which brought victory to the February Revolution, began with a riot in the reserve battalion of the Volyn Life Guards Regiment. But how could this happen? After all, Life Guards Volynsky was the most disciplined in the Russian army!He stood out even against the background of other regiments of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division - famous for its “hard labor” discipline and exemplary appearance of a soldier 1.

Sovereign Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna among the soldiers and officers of the combined company of the Volyn Life Guards Regiment. December 1906

“Convict” division

Regimental badge of the Life Guards Volyn Regiment

Discipline was forged in the soldiers of the 3rd Guards at every step. For this purpose, we sought exemplary performance from them. appearance, perfect drill training and strict adherence to internal order. After all, by learning to be careful in small things, by learning to do only what is supposed to be done, and only when it’s supposed to be done, a person learns to observe established rules, to subordinate one's will to someone else's.

“Strictness - neither sigh nor sigh; you can’t stretch your legs without the sanction of your superiors,– wrote one of those who ended up in the reserve battalion of the Lithuanian Life Guards Regiment in September 1914. - If you want to go to the restroom, go with a report to the detached corporal. […]

The boots do not shine in reality - the outfit is out of order. The buttons are dull - an outfit.

Klyamore does not shine - goose step” 2.

Yes, in the 3rd Guards they forced me to clean even the clasp of the waist belt, which was not visible under the badge. And the main teachers of the soldiers - non-commissioned officers and corporals - also used “techniques of training and education not provided for by the regulations of that time” 3 .

St. George regimental banner of the Volyn Life Guards Regiment with St. Andrew's anniversary ribbon. 1907

“Some goose-step,” “others run around the stables with caps, with belts, with bowlers, with mugs, with foot wraps, with socks, with boots in their teeth” - and everyone, “trying to outshout each other, yells:

- I'm a fool! I'm a fool! I'm a fool!

- This is how they clean the klyamore! This is how to clean the clamor!

- I'm a fool! I'm a fool! 4

After such training, people followed orders automatically.

That's what was required.

After all, in battle, a person’s most powerful instinct of self-preservation turns on. To suppress it, many may not have enough consciousness. This is where the habit of following orders without hesitation, automatically, almost instinctively, will help out.

So, in the Volyn Life Guards, discipline was forged even more persistently than in other regiments of the “convict” division.

"Iron" regiment

Regimental badge of the Volyn Life Guards Regiment (option for lower ranks)

“Particular clarity - absolutely in everything: in saluting, marching, rifle techniques, in every movement - always and everywhere distinguished Volyntsev,” admitted an officer of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment in 1930 5 .

The Volynians managed to maintain this distinctiveness during the First World War - when the regiment changed its rank and file more than once. “A firm step, like on parade, perfect alignment, a special swing of the arm [back to failure. - Author], by which the Emperor recognized our soldiers even when they, having been transferred to another regiment, wore a different uniform. The thin lines of the bayonets, strictly aligned in rows in the horizontal and vertical planes, are completely motionless...” 6 This is how the Volynians passed before their superiors on July 15, 1916, on the march in the front line.

The regiment naturally fought, not paying attention to death. Seeing yellow braid on the cuffs of Russian tunics in July 1916 (3rd Guards Infantry Division), and dark green on the straps along the cut (fourth regiment of the division, i.e. Volyn Life Guards), the captured Germans perked up: “A- ah, the regiment is familiar [regiment (German). – Auth.]… Iron Regiment…” 7

And this is just seven months before the historic riot.

“Discipline was visible in everything and manifested itself at every step,” - this is how, according to the recollections of the then regiment commander, it was back in February 1917 8 .

In just a few days...

Lashkevich and “Massacre”

Senior non-commissioned officer Timofey Kirpichnikov, nicknamed “Fighter”

And in the reserve battalion of such a unit, a training team rebelled! The one where non-commissioned officers were trained - those who themselves had to discipline the soldiers! And even with such a head of the training team as staff captain Ivan Stepanovich Lashkevich...

About this “girlish rouge, with a round Russian face and clear, kind big gray eyes“9 officer, who turned 26 in February, suffice it to say that he is a former sergeant major of the Alexander Military School.

This is a brand.

This means an excellent soldier and a mercilessly demanding boss.

Only such cadets were appointed to the position of sergeant major (in Soviet - foreman). After all, it was the sergeant major, the direct commander of all the cadets in his company, who was responsible for order in it.

According to the testimony of a number of officers of the Volyn Regiment, as well as Colonel M.N. Levitov (already in the summer of 1917 he communicated with the ranks of the reserve battalion), the instigator of the riot, senior non-commissioned officer Timofey Ivanovich Kirpichnikov, also had a “reputation as a strict boss.” The soldiers even nicknamed him “Massacre” 10.

A smile of fate: on the night of February 26, Lashkevich appointed Kirpichnikov as sergeant major of the 1st company (a few days before, two companies were formed from the ranks of the main training team to suppress possible unrest) - instead of the urgently “ill” ensign Lukin. From the story of “Mordoboy” about further events, it is clear that Lukin’s main position, sergeant major of the main training team, also passed to him (there were two more preparatory and additional ones).

Lashkevich's decision became fatal - both for his personal fate and for the fate of Russia.

Murder in front of the line

On February 24–26, both companies dispersed demonstrators on Znamenskaya Square (now Vosstaniya Square).

According to Kirpichnikov’s later recorded story, he slowly ordered the soldiers to aim over their heads, and on the night of the 26th he suggested that the “non-commissioned officers” of both companies not shoot at all. On the evening of the 26th, he convened the commanders of the platoons and sections of the main training command and proposed to refuse to pacify the unrest altogether.

They agreed. We instructed our soldiers 11. And on the morning of February 27, the team built for Lashkevich’s arrival demonstratively and grossly violated discipline.

According to Kirpichnikov, the team shouted “Hurray!” after the staff captain greeted him. According to Konstantin Pagetnykh, who was standing in the ranks, this was the answer to Lashkevich’s greeting to the team.

To Lashkevich’s question: “What does this mean?” responded junior non-commissioned officer Mikhail Markov, and it became clear that the team had mutinied. People will not carry out the order to shoot (according to Pagetnykh, Lashkevich’s orders in general), Markov said.

And, taking the rifle “in his hand,” he pointed the bayonet at the staff captain.

The next minute, the rioters demanded that Lashkevich leave 12.

And when he appeared in the courtyard, Markov and Corporal Orlov 13 shot at him from the windows - and killed him on the spot.

(According to the officer who later questioned the soldiers, the team twice responded with silence to the greeting of their superior: after that Lashkevich himself walked away, and Kirpichnikov shot him 14. But is it possible to reject the testimony of two eyewitnesses?)

After the murder, Kirpichnikov persuaded the “non-commissioned officers” of the preparatory teams to join the main training team. And when they went outside, the 4th company joined them without any persuasion.

March 1917. The Volyn regiment went over to the side of the revolution

Undrilled

It is quite understandable that the Volyn residents did not want to shoot at the demonstrators at all. One of his own, a Russian, asks for bread - is this really a rebel?

But refuse to follow orders...

Here, first of all, it backfired on the fact that the soldiers and most of the “non-commissioned officers” of the reserve battalion did not experience the Volyn drill in full.

Almost all the old-timers died by October 1916, and by February only pitiful crumbs remained of them. “Volyntsy” of the 3rd company of the reserve battalion - who refused to shoot at the demonstrators on February 26, 15 - are recruits who have not served even 6 weeks! The same in the 1st and 2nd companies.

The soldiers of the 4th company and Lashkevich’s men were trained for at most two to five months. These latter were also prevented from automatically carrying out orders to shoot at demonstrators by their front-line background.

This was the second time they found themselves in the reserve battalion.

In between there was a front and a wound.

And not just the front, but the offensive battles of August - September 1916 in the Vladimir-Volyn direction. Those who went through this meat grinder were no longer afraid of much. There will be nothing more terrible than the German front! It is no coincidence that they were the first in the battalion to rebel.

The front-line soldiers of the beginning of 1917 were at least not afraid to reason.

How can one not argue here, if by the evening of the 26th the inaction of the authorities became noticeable?

Staff Captain A.V. Tsurikov gestures to let the demonstrators onto Znamenskaya.

And captain P.N. Gaiman silently swallowed the refusal of the 2nd Preparatory Training Team to shoot into the crowd rushing across the Liteyny Bridge onto 16 Liteyny Prospekt.

Actually, about two dozen 17 “passionaries” like Kirpichnikov and Markov ensured the success of the uprising. After all, many Volyn residents did not want to rebel.

Badge “Volynets”, issued to soldiers of the Volyn Regiment in memory of the events of February 27, 1917

Collapse

Part of one of the Volyn companies - located in the barracks of the Life Guards of the 1st Artillery Brigade on Baskovaya Street (now Korolenko Street) - resisted even at noon on February 27. She returned to the barracks in an orderly manner when Colonel A.P. arrived with a detachment of troops loyal to the oath. Kutepov assured that they would not shoot her 18.

But in the center of the riot, in the south-eastern part of the Tauride barracks, at the end of Vilensky Lane, the way back for many was cut off by shots from Markov and Orlov 19 .

Now it’s either go to the end or be shot. For participation in a riot aggravated by the murder of an officer.

Nothing to lose!

"On the shoulder! Step by step!” - Kirpichnikov commanded, and the training teams with the 4th company moved along Vilensky to the nearby barracks of the 18th engineer battalion - to raise the other Volyn companies stationed there.

“Mordoboy” was informed that machine guns were positioned ahead, and, not even reaching Fontannaya, he deployed the detachment. No problem, let's go the other way and turn left onto Paradnaya. We will raise the reserve battalions of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards and the Lithuanian Life Guards regiments stationed in the Tauride barracks.

Nothing to lose! - and, breaking in from the front door, firing and shouting “Hurray!” into the courtyard of the Tauride barracks, soldiers with dark green buttonholes on their greatcoats with yellow edging “fought” for an hour and a half to rebel the soldiers with red and yellow 20.

They also had Kirpichnikovs - senior non-commissioned officer Fedor Kruglov raised the 4th company of the reserve battalion of Preobrazhensky soldiers. Here, too, people were tied up in blood: Volyn residents stabbed the head of the Preobrazhensky workshops, army lieutenant colonel Bogdanov 21...

The crowd of rebels, now many thousands strong, passed Paradnaya and turned left to Kirochnaya - to raise other units!

Nothing to lose!

Turning onto Preobrazhenskaya (now Radishcheva Street), Kirpichnikov raised (easy!) the reserve company of the Life Guards Sapper Regiment.

At the corner of Kirochnaya and Znamenskaya (now Vosstaniya Street), troublemakers rebelled at the 6th reserve engineer battalion, killing its commander, Colonel V.K. von Goering.

Further along Kirochnaya, on the corner of Nadezhdinskaya (now Mayakovsky Street), the Petrograd Gendarme Division was quartered. The gendarmes were also taken out into the street, followed by the cadets from the Petrograd School of Ensigns of the Engineering Troops located diagonally.

“Well, guys, now let's get to work!” – Kirpichnikov said with relief 22.

“Let's get to work!”

And indeed, crowds of demonstrators have already joined the soldiers. The District Court building was already burning at the corner of Liteiny and Shpalernaya - part of the divided mass of rebels had penetrated there too. Police officers have already been arrested and killed. Member Emissaries State Duma- who had decided to seek the abdication of the tsar - were already leading groups of soldiers to the Tauride Palace, where the Duma members had gathered...

The riots turned into the February Revolution.

Andrey Smirnov (Candidate of Historical Sciences)

__________________________________________________________________________

1. Aramilev V.V. In the smoke of war. Notes of a volunteer. 1914-1917. M., 2015. P. 26; Fomin B. Behind Stokhod // Military Historical Bulletin. N 17. Paris, 1961. P. 31.
2. Aramilev V.V. Decree. Op. P. 26. The regiment is not named by the memoirist, but mentions of yellow greatcoat buttonholes, Lieutenant Zarembo-Rantsevich and an indirect message about the regiment’s former station in Warsaw clearly indicate the Lithuanian Life Guards.
3. Gerua A.V. Memoirs of a regiment commander // Bulletin of Volynets (Belgrade). N 5. January 15, 1931 P. 5.
4. Aramilev V.V. Decree. Op. pp. 59-60.
5. Khodnev D. To the Brothers of Volynets // Bulletin of Volynets (Belgrade). N 3. February 20, 1930. P. 6.
6. Kulikov V.Ya. Battle on Stokhod // Bulletin of Volynets (Belgrade). N 4. August 16, 1930. P. 4.
7. Ibid. S. 3.
8. Kushakevich A. The first days of the revolution at the front of L. Guards. Volyn Regiment // Bulletin of Volynets (Belgrade). N 10/11. October 1, 1933. P. 17.
9. Gerua A. Memoirs of the regiment commander // Roll call. Current communication body of the Society. Officers L. Guards. Volynsky Regiment (Brussels). N 6. August 1937, p. 24.
10. Levitov. From General Kiriyenko’s promise to tell the whole truth “as in confession, before Holy Communion,” to his distortion of facts and deliberate lies. My objections to General Kiriyenko // Response to Kiriyenko’s book “1613. From honor and glory to the meanness and shame of February 1917.” Collection of articles by members of the Association of Ranks of the Kornilov Shock Regiment. Paris, 1965. P. 43.
11. Kirpichnikov T.I. Uprising of the Volyn Life Guards Regiment in February 1917 // The Collapse of Tsarism. Memoirs of participants in the revolutionary movement in Petrograd (1907 - February 1917). L., 1986. pp. 302-307.
12. Ibid. pp. 309-310; History of the Civil War in the USSR. T. 1. Preparation of the Great Proletarian Revolution. (From the beginning of the war to the beginning of October 1917). M., 1935. P. 100-101.
13. History of the civil war in the USSR. T. 1. P. 101.
14. Volynets. The first shot of the February Revolution // Military reality (Paris). 1963. October. N 63. P. 46.
15. Bolshevisation of the Petrograd garrison in 1917. Collection of documents and materials. L., 1932. P. 33.
16. Ibid. pp. 33-34.
17. Ganelin R.Sh., Solovyova Z.B. Memoirs of T.I. Kirpichnikov as a source on the history of the February revolutionary days in 1917 in Petrograd // Working class of Russia, its allies and political opponents in 1917. L., 1989. P. 189.
18. The first days of the revolution in Petrograd. (Excerpts from the memoirs of A.P. Kutepov) // General A.P. Kutepov. Memories. Memoirs. Mn., 2004. pp. 163-165.
19. Volynets. Decree. Op. P. 46.
20. Kirpichnikov T.I. Decree. Op. P. 311.
21. The first days of the revolution in Petrograd. pp. 158-159; Zubov Yu.V. Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. With the regiment of grandfathers and great-grandfathers in the great war of 1914-1917. M., 2014. P. 183.
22. Kirpichnikov T.I. Decree. Op. P. 311.

1817 October 12. From the 1st battalion of the Leningrad Guards, who was in Warsaw in the Guards detachment under Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich. The Finnish regiment and selected from other regiments of the Guard, natives of the Western provinces, were formed on the rights and advantages of the Old Guard, a two-battalion Life Guard Volynsky regiment.

It was formed in December 1806 in Strelna from peasants from the surrounding imperial estates as a police battalion. It was created under the patronage of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. The battalion consisted of one grenadier, four musketeer companies and an artillery half-company. On December 10, 1806, Lieutenant Colonel Troshchinsky, Andrei Andreevich, was appointed commander of the battalion.

The battalion's artillery company was armed with 6 guns: four 6-pounder cannons and two 12-pounder unicorns. The artillery company consisted of 114 ordinary artillerymen with 12 non-commissioned officers and 2 musicians. The company was commanded by three officers. The company commander is Lieutenant Zakharov, Rostislav Ivanovich, Second Lieutenant Palitsyn, Mikhail Yakovlevich and Ensign Mitkov, Mikhail Fotievich.

On February 10, 1807, a review and check of the battalion’s combat readiness took place in Strelna, and a few days later the Imperial Police Battalion was moved to Riga.

* January 22, 1808 - for the distinction rendered in the war of 1807 against the French, the battalion was assigned to the guard and named the Life Guards battalion of the Imperial Militia. The artillery half-company is separated into the Life Guards Artillery Battalion.
* April 8, 1808 - named the Life Guards Finnish Battalion.
* October 19, 1811 - reorganized into a regiment, consisting of 3 Jaeger battalions, and named the Finnish Life Guards Regiment.
* October 12, 1817 - the 1st battalion, located in Warsaw, was assigned to form the Volyn Life Guards Regiment. A new one was formed to replace it.
* January 25, 1842 - the 4th reserve battalion was formed.
* March 10, 1853 - the 4th reserve battalion was renamed active, and the 5th reserve battalion was formed to replace it.
* August 10, 1853 - The 5th reserve battalion was named reserve and the 6th reserve battalion was formed.
* August 26, 1856 - the regiment was formed into 3 active battalions with 3 rifle companies. The reserve and spare battalions were abolished.
* August 19, 1857 - The 3rd battalion was named reserve and disbanded for peacetime.
* April 30, 1863 - 3rd active battalion formed.
* January 1, 1876 - the regiment was reorganized into 4 battalions, each of 4 companies.
* August 17, 1877 - in connection with the march to the Russian-Turkish War, the 4th reserve battalion was formed, consisting of 4 companies.
* September 4, 1878 - the 4th reserve battalion was disbanded.
* July 18, 1914 - in connection with the mobilization of the regiment, a reserve battalion was formed.
* May 9, 1917 - the reserve battalion was reorganized into the Finnish Reserve Regiment (order for the Petrograd Military District No. 262).
* May 1, 1918 - the reserve regiment was disbanded.
* May 1918 - the active regiment was disbanded (order of the Commissariat for Military Affairs of the Petrograd Labor Commune No. 82 of May 21, 1918).

Note. According to the decision at the Congress of Vienna, the Polish troops were left untouched under the main command of His Imperial Highness TSESAREVICH, who, at the end of the war, remained to reside in Warsaw. For the honorary protection of His Highness, from the units of the Guard returning to Russia, the following were left with him: the 3rd battalion of the L.-Gv. Litovsky, 1st battalion L.-Gv. Finlyandsky, 1st Division of the Leningrad Guards. Uhlan regiments with half a battery of Guards Horse Artillery. In 1817, the first three units were reorganized into separate regiments under new names and the Leningrad Guards were re-formed to them. Podolsk Cuirassier Regiment. In the same year, the Separate Lithuanian Corps and three newly formed regiments, again composed of the Russian 27 and 28 infantry divisions, and three newly formed regiments: the Samogit and Lutsk Grenadier and the Nesvizh Carabinery, came into the command of the Tsesarevich. The name of the Separate Lithuanian Corps was abolished in 1831.

Regimental March:

MARKS OF EXCELLENCE:

1) Regimental banner of St. George, with the inscription: “For distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from Russia in 1812.” and, 1800-1906” with St. Andrew’s anniversary ribbon.

Banners with this inscription were granted to the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, and in 1813 the Highest Order was issued to assign the same to the Life Guards. Volynsky, as descended from the Leningrad Guards. Finnish.

Sign in memory of the 100th anniversary of the Life Guards Volyn Regiment.
Approved December 11, 1906
The badge is in the shape of the golden cross of the Virtuti Militari order. On the arms of the cross there are inscriptions and dates “1806” and “1906”. Between the rays of the cross are the silver cyphers of the Emperors Alexander I, Nicholas I, Alexander II and Alexander III, crowned with Imperial crowns. In the center of the cross is a silver disk with a single-headed eagle, on top of which is the cypher of Emperor Nicholas II.
Bronze, silver, gilding, enamel, thick edging: “1806” and “1906” are made in black enamel.
For lower ranks. Gilded bronze, without enamel. Diameter – 40 mm.

2) Silver trumpets with the inscription: “As a reward for excellent bravery and courage shown in the battle of Leipzig on October 4, 1813,” awarded on April 27, 1814 to the battalion of the Leningrad Guards Finnish Regiment and transferred to the Leningrad Guards Volynsky Regiment October 13, 1817 The highest charter June 4, 1826

Anniversary foot of the 1st battalion of the Life Guards Volyn Regiment. Factory of Prince Drutsky-Lubetsky. Tsmelev. After 1906 Porcelain, finishing with paints. Diameter 91 mm. Overglaze stamp, printed.

Note. Battle of Leipzig. Sauerweid A.I., Oil on canvas, State Pushkin Museum, Moscow.

3) Badges on headdresses with the inscription: “For Tashkisen on December 19, 1877,” granted on September 30, 1878, to the command of Major General Mirkovich.

Badge for headdress “For Tashkisen on December 19, 1877,” granted on October 9, 1879, silver.

CHEF OF THE REGIMENT:

FORMER CHEFS OF THE REGIMENT:

His Imperial Highness Grand Duke NIKOLAI KONSTANTINOVICH from 1850 February 2 to 1878 August 5.

LISTED IN THE REGIMENTAL LISTS:

His Imperial Highness Heir Tsarevich Grand Duke ALEXEY NIKOLAEVICH since 1904 July 30.

WERE INCLUDED IN THE LISTS OF THE REGIMENT:

Participation in campaigns and affairs against the enemy.

The regiment took part in almost all Russian wars of the 19th century and in the First World War:

* Russian-Prussian-French war 1806-1807
* Patriotic War 1812
* Foreign campaigns 1813-1814
*Russian-Turkish War 1828-1829
* War in Poland 1830-1831
*Russian-Turkish War 1877-1878
* World War I

The battalion of the Finnish Regiment, from which the regiment was formed, took part in the wars of 1807, 1812, 1813 and 1814. (See Leningrad Guards Finnish Regiment). New L.-Gv. The Volyn regiment had to fight for the first time against the indignant troops of the Kingdom of Poland. Campaigns of 1830 -1831 The regiment was made first in the TSESAREVICH Guards detachment, and finally as part of the Separate Guards Corps and took part in the battles: February 13 near Grakhov: June 7 at the Panar Heights, near Vilno; from June 12 to July 3, Gelgud’s detachment pursued; On August 6 he crossed the river. Vistula; On August 25 and 26 he was during the assault on Wola and Warsaw.

Note. Parade to mark the end of hostilities in the Kingdom of Poland on October 6, 1831 on Tsaritsyn Meadow in St. Petersburg. 1837. CHERNETSOV Grigory Grigorievich. Canvas, oil. 112x345 cm. State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Note. Parade to mark the end of hostilities in the Kingdom of Poland on October 6, 1831 on Tsaritsyn Meadow in St. Petersburg. 1839. CHERNETSOV Grigory Grigorievich. Canvas, oil. 48x71 cm. State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

1846 From May to November he was on a campaign against the rebellious Hungarians, but did not take part in the affairs. During the war of 1854-1856. was part of the troops guarding the shores of the Baltic Sea.

1863 Took an active part in suppressing the rebellion within the Kingdom of Poland.

1877 August 23, set out from Warsaw on a campaign across the river. Danube to Turkey; from October 7 to November 28 he performed trench service near Plevna. On November 28, he took part in the battle during the capture of Plevna; e 13 November 18 crossed the Balkans; On December 19, he took part in the battle of the village. Tashkisen.
1878 January 3, near Philippopolis.

Volyntsy uniform (from Shenk’s book)

VC. Schenck, Information Book of the Imperial Headquarters, May 10, 1910
RGVIA: F. 2573. 1817-1918. 321 storage units

Wives of regimental officers with miniature regimental insignia on their clothes.

Apartments:
Winter - The regiment was quartered on the Oblique Line of Vasilievsky Island, and on Bolshoy Prospekt of Vasilievsky Island there was a regimental church and a regimental hospital. The barracks were built in the 1st quarter of the 18th century; in 1814-1816 partially rebuilt, architect. L.Ruska. Address: Lieutenant Schmidt Embankment, 43; 18th line of Vasilyevsky Island, 3; 19th line of Vasilyevsky Island, 2; 20th line of Vasilievsky Island, 1. The barracks gave the name to Finlyandsky Lane: it runs from the 17th to the 18th line parallel to the Lieutenant Schmidt embankment. In the 1950s, the alley was blocked by an industrial building on the 18th line and became a dead end.
Summer - Krasnoselsky camp.

Commanders

Battalion commanders

* 12/10/1806 - 12/12/1807 - Major General Troshchinsky, Andrey Andreevich
* 12/13/1807 - 10/19/1811 - Colonel Kryzhanovsky, Maxim Konstantinovich

Regimental commanders

* 10/19/1811 - 07/06/1815 - colonel (from 09/15/1813 major general) Kryzhanovsky, Maxim Konstantinovich
* 07/06/1815 - 05/29/1821 - Major General Richter, Boris Khristoforovich
* 05/29/1821 - 03/14/1825 - Major General Shenshin, Vasily Nikanorovich
* 03/14/1825 - 12/12/1829 - Major General Voropanov, Nikolai Fadeevich
* 01/20/1830 - 07/25/1833 - Major General Bernikov, Pavel Sergeevich
* 07/25/1833 - 03/06/1839 - Major General Ofrosimov, Mikhail Alexandrovich
* 03/06/1839 - 01/06/1846 - Major General Vyatkin, Alexander Sergeevich
* 01/06/1846 - 03/06/1853 - Major General Krylov, Sergei Sergeevich
* 04/16/1853 - 05/05/1853 - Major General Myasoedov, Nikolai Ivanovich (died while en route to the regiment)
* 05/17/1853 - 06/09/1856 - Major General Count Rebinder, Ferdinand Fedorovich
* 06/09/1856 - 07/07/1863 - Major General Ganetsky, Ivan Stepanovich
* 07/07/1863 - 04/16/1872 - Major General Shebashev, Nikolai Mikhailovich
* 04/16/1872 - 09/24/1876 - Retinue of His Majesty Major General Prince Golitsyn, Grigory Sergeevich
* 09/24/1876 - 10/12/1877 - Major General Lavrov, Vasily Nikolaevich
* 10/18/1877 - 07/16/1878 - Colonel Schmidt, Georgy Ivanovich (commander)
* 07/18/1878 - 05/07/1891 - Major General Tenner, Jeremiah Karlovich
* 05/07/1891 - 08/14/1895 - Major General Bibikov, Evgeniy Mikhailovich
* 08/14/1895 - 09/06/1899 - Major General Meshetich, Nikolai Fedorovich
* 09/06/1899 - 01/23/1904 - Major General Rudanovsky, Konstantin Adrianovich
* 01/23/1904 - 06/15/1907 - Major General Samgin, Pavel Mitrofanovich
* 06/15/1907 - 04/13/1913 - Major General Kozlov, Vladimir Apollonovich
* 04/13/1913 - 03/15/1915 - Major General Teplov, Vladimir Vladimirovich
* 03/15/1915 - 06/01/1917 - Major General Baron Klodt von Jurgensburg, Pavel Adolfovich
* 06/01/1917 - 12/02/1917 - Colonel Moller, Alexander Nikolaevich

Famous people who served in the regiment

* Bellegarde, Karl Alexandrovich - Lieutenant General, hero of the Crimean War
* Dometti, Alexander Karlovich - infantry general
* Egoriev, Vladimir Nikolaevich - Soviet military leader, front commander during Civil War
* Zhirzhinsky, Eduard Vikentievich - Lieutenant General
* Korenny, Leonty - Russian grenadier soldier, hero of the battles of Borodino and Leipzig in 1813.
* Mitkov, Mikhail Fotievich - Decembrist
* Rosen, Andrey Evgenievich - Decembrist
* Rokasovsky, Platon Ivanovich - Finnish Governor-General
* Talyshinsky, Mir Ibrahim Khan - Major General
* Tsebrikov, Nikolai Romanovich - Decembrist
* Drozdovsky, Mikhail Gordeevich - General Staff major general

________________________________________ ________________________________________ ___________

The Volyn Regiment ended its glorious military path of the Life Guards on February 27, 1917...
On the morning of this day, the regimental training team (350 people), having killed its commander, Staff Captain Lashkevich, went over to the side of the revolution, starting agitation in the Life Guards Lithuanian and Preobrazhensky regiments. The uprising was led by non-commissioned officer of the Reserve Battalion Timofey Ivanovich Kirpichnikov...
And on May 21, 1918, the active regiment was disbanded (order of the Commissariat for Military Affairs of the Petrograd Labor Commune No. 82 of May 21, 1918).

The Volyn Life Guards Regiment was revived in the Volunteer Army. In the summer of 1919, he had 2 companies in the 2nd battalion of the 2nd Consolidated Guards Regiment; on September 16, 1919, a battalion was formed in the Consolidated Regiment of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division (the 4th company operated separately). Battalion commander - regiment. Byrdin. Company commanders: cap. Kolyubakin, piece cap. Albedil, cap. Alexandrov, pcs.-cap. book Avalov, cap. bar. Tiesenhausen. Team leaders: Capt. Alexandrov, pcs.-cap. Kvyatnitsky. On November 2, 1919 there were more than 200 units. In the Russian Army from August 1920 he formed a company in the 3rd battalion of the Consolidated Guards Infantry Regiment. Regimental association in exile - “Society of Messrs. officers of the Life Guards Volyn Regiment" was created in 1921 in Yugoslavia among 60 people. (of which 40 were participants in the White movement). In 1939 there were 67 people. (including 16 in Paris). After 1945, most of its members moved to the United States (mainly New York). For 1949–1951 numbered 29 people. (including 13 in Paris, 2 in the USA), for 1958–1962 - 25 (8 in Paris). Prev.: Lieutenant General A.E. Kushakevich, Lieutenant General A.P. Arkhangelsky, Lieutenant General N.N. Stogov, Major General G.V. Pokrovsky; prev board and deputy in Yugoslavia - Major General A.P. Balk, deputies: Major General I.A. Lyubimov (France), Lieutenant General. A.P. Arkhangelsky (Belgium) and Lieutenant Colonel. Fischer (Bulgaria) representative in Yugoslavia - regiment. L.A. Krivosheev, in the USA - regiment. L.N. Treskin; senior colonel - D.D. Chikhachev, secret. and treasurer - cap. A.V. Albedil.

January 22, 1808 - for the distinction rendered in the 1807 war against the French, the battalion was assigned to the guard and named the Life Guards battalion of the Imperial Militia. The artillery half-company is separated into the Life Guards Artillery Battalion.
April 8, 1808 - named the Life Guards Finnish Battalion.
October 19, 1811 - reorganized into a regiment, consisting of 3 Jaeger battalions, and named the Finnish Life Guards Regiment.
October 12, 1817 - the 1st battalion, located in Warsaw, was assigned to form the Volyn Life Guards Regiment. A new one was formed to replace it.
January 25, 1842 - the 4th reserve battalion was formed.
March 10, 1853 - the 4th reserve battalion was renamed active, and the 5th reserve battalion was formed in its place.
August 10, 1853 - The 5th reserve battalion was named reserve and the 6th reserve battalion was formed.
August 26, 1856 - the regiment was included in 3 active battalions with 3 rifle companies. The reserve and spare battalions were abolished.
August 19, 1857 - The 3rd battalion was named reserve and disbanded for peacetime.
April 30, 1863 - 3rd active battalion formed.
January 1, 1876 - the regiment was reorganized into 4 battalions, each of 4 companies.
August 17, 1877 - in connection with the march to the Russian-Turkish War, the 4th reserve battalion was formed, consisting of 4 companies.
September 4, 1878 - The 4th Reserve Battalion was disbanded.
July 18, 1914 - in connection with the mobilization of the regiment, a reserve battalion was formed.
May 9, 1917 - the reserve battalion was reorganized into the Finnish Reserve Regiment (order for the Petrograd Military District No. 262).
May 1, 1918 - the reserve regiment was disbanded.
May 1918 - the active regiment was disbanded (order of the Commissariat for Military Affairs of the Petrograd Labor Commune No. 82 of May 21, 1918).

Regimental March:

MARKS OF EXCELLENCE:

1) Regimental banner of St. George, with the inscription: “For distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from Russia in 1812.” and, 1800-1906” with St. Andrew’s anniversary ribbon.

Note. Battle of Leipzig. Sauerweid A.I., Oil on canvas, State Pushkin Museum, Moscow.

3) Badges on headdresses with the inscription: “For Tashkisen on December 19, 1877,” granted on September 30, 1878, to the command of Major General Mirkovich.

Badge for headdress “For Tashkisen on December 19, 1877,” granted on October 9, 1879, silver.

CHEF OF THE REGIMENT:

FORMER CHEFS OF THE REGIMENT:

His Imperial Highness Grand Duke NIKOLAI KONSTANTINOVICH from 1850 February 2 to 1878 August 5.

LISTED IN THE REGIMENTAL LISTS:

His Imperial Highness Heir Tsarevich Grand Duke ALEXEY NIKOLAEVICH since 1904 July 30.

WERE INCLUDED IN THE LISTS OF THE REGIMENT:

Participation in campaigns and affairs against the enemy.

The regiment took part in almost all Russian wars of the 19th century and in the First World War:

Russian-Prussian-French War 1806-1807
Patriotic War of 1812
Foreign campaigns 1813-1814
Russo-Turkish War 1828-1829
War in Poland 1830-1831
Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878
World War I

1863 Took an active part in suppressing the rebellion within the Kingdom of Poland.

Commanders

Battalion commanders

* 12/10/1806 - 12/12/1807 - Major General Troshchinsky, Andrey Andreevich
* 12/13/1807 - 10/19/1811 - Colonel Kryzhanovsky, Maxim Konstantinovich

Regimental commanders

Famous people who served in the regiment

* Bellegarde, Karl Alexandrovich - Lieutenant General, hero of the Crimean War
* Dometti, Alexander Karlovich - infantry general
* Egoriev, Vladimir Nikolaevich - Soviet military leader, front commander during the Civil War
* Zhirzhinsky, Eduard Vikentievich - Lieutenant General
* Korenny, Leonty - Russian grenadier soldier, hero of the battles of Borodino and Leipzig in 1813.
* Mitkov, Mikhail Fotievich - Decembrist
* Rosen, Andrey Evgenievich - Decembrist
* Rokasovsky, Platon Ivanovich - Finnish Governor-General
* Talyshinsky, Mir Ibrahim Khan - Major General
* Tsebrikov, Nikolai Romanovich - Decembrist
* Drozdovsky, Mikhail Gordeevich - General Staff, Major General

In 2013, the Church of St. Spyridon of Trimythous celebrates its 175th anniversary.

Petersburg is the capital of the Russian Guard. History of guards units. Troop structure. Fighting. Prominent personalities Almazov Boris Alexandrovich

Life Guards Volyn Regiment

Regimental Church - Church in the name of St. Spyridon of Trimifuntsky, a monument of wooden architecture, one of the oldest operating Orthodox churches (Lomonosov, Ilikovsky Ave., 1).

Dislocation – Warsaw, artillery barracks (09/17/1814–11/17/1830), St. Petersburg (1832), Kronstadt (1832–1836), Oranienbaum (1836–1856), Warsaw (1856–1914) gg.).

December 12, 1806 - at the request of members of the imperial family and under the control of Tsarevich Konstantin Pavlovich, an Imperial police battalion was formed from the appanage peasants of the imperial house, located in Strelna.

The battalion received a baptism of fire, participating in the capture of Gutstadt and the pursuit of the enemy to the river. Pasargi.

October 19, 1811 - the Finnish regiment of three battalions was formed at the basis of the Life Guards of the Finnish battalion.

July 16, 1814 - it was ordered to allocate the 1st battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment (commander - Colonel Ushakov, Colonel Rall 4th, 13 chief officers, 60 non-commissioned officers, 11 drummers, 2 flute players and 800 privates) a separate guards detachment sent to Warsaw and intended to serve as the backbone of the new Polish troops then being deployed.

September 1814 - the battalion was replenished with recovered ranks of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment (117 combatant and 6 non-combatant ranks).

October 12, 1817 - formed in Warsaw from the 1st battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Life Guards Regiment of the Volyn Regiment, recruited from natives of the Western provinces, consisting of two battalions to guard Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. Enlisted in the Guards Corps with the rights of the Old Guard. By type of service he was assigned to the light (jaeger) infantry. The battalion is deployed into a two-battalion regiment, for which 502 natives of the Vilna, Minsk, Grodno, Volyn, Podolsk and Bialystok regions were allocated from the guards regiments. Officers were replenished from the 27th and 28th Infantry Divisions from natives of the Polish provinces.

1831 - participated in the suppression of the Polish uprising (battle of Ostroleka, defense of Vilna and Grodno, storming of Warsaw).

1832 - withdrawn to St. Petersburg and stationed in Kronstadt.

1836 - transferred to Oranienbaum.

1853–1856 - participated in the Crimean War, guarding the Baltic coast. Participated in a skirmish with the English naval landing near Vyborg, near the village of Makslyake.

May 23, 1855 - the lower ranks of the regiment (the only one of all the guards regiments that participated in the Crimean War) received the insignia of the Order of St. George.

1862 - transferred to Warsaw to the 2nd Brigade of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division.

Participated in the First World War:

December 1916 - in honor of the regimental holiday, he was recalled from the front to the capital.

February 27, 1917 - in the morning, the regimental training team (350 people), having killed its commander, Staff Captain Lashkevich, went over to the side of the revolution, starting agitation in the Life Guards Lithuanian and Preobrazhensky regiments. The uprising was led by non-commissioned officer of the Reserve Battalion Timofey Ivanovich Kirpichnikov.

What happened to the guardsmen? Are they the “glorious Volynians”? The fact of the matter is that by 1917, only one name remained of the Guards regiment. The regular Russian Guard, which was not spared, and perhaps was deliberately destroyed, thrown into senseless attacks, died at the front.

The guards infantry units (more correctly: reserve battalions of the guards regiments), which occupied the first place in the Petrograd garrison in terms of numbers, continued to be formed, as before, at the expense of the peasants. Among the 6,925 recruits drafted into the guards infantry units in 1916 and 1917, only 1,624 people were workers, including 285 (i.e., only 4%) factory workers. The number of illiterate and semi-literate soldiers has increased significantly. Of course, during the war there was no time to teach them to read and write. Moreover, at this time, due to a huge loss in the officer corps, only 4% of officers had a full-fledged military education, the rest completed accelerated courses, often as external students, or, like warrant officer V.I. Chapaev, received their first officer rank (and personal nobility) along with a full St. George's bow for reckless bravery. For an infantry regiment, which has a total strength twice as large as a modern motorized rifle regiment (about 3,200 people), there are only 60 officers. Of course, they could not resist the wave of anti-war agitation, the decline of discipline and the disintegration of the army. Truly, the “peasants in gray overcoats” did not intend to become “valiant guardsmen” - professional warriors, but by hook or by crook they were eager to go home. This was felt especially acutely in the training team, from where the soldiers were supposed to go to the front with marching companies any day now or tomorrow.

However, having “overthrown the tsar”, “the power of the landowners and capitalists”, the soldiers sooner or later understood who they brought to power in return. Such an insight was inevitable. The guard, now the Red Guard, although there was not such a strict selection of recruits as before, they still took healthy, strong, tall ones, that is, conscripts from well-fed, strong peasant families. (Such families suffered the most from the war. “A beggar, as they say, is not afraid of fire,” and “the proletarian has nothing to lose except his chains.”)

Here they are, quickly renamed by the new government from “eagles of the revolution” to “sons of the kulaks,” and they poured out of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Army in all directions! In 1918, more than a million deserters were hiding from general mobilization on the territory of the Republic of Soviets. They were caught, some were put in line, some immediately to the wall... The “ideological” fled to the armies of the enemies of the Soviet regime. From the Volyn regiment, since there were many natural Volynians, Galicians, Ukrainians from other Little Russian provinces, they “ticked” into the Ukrainian armies of Hetman Skoropadsky, Petliura or Makhno. The Russians were making their way to the Don. The “first soldier of the revolution,” the former “Volynian” Kirpichnikov, also came there.

Timofey Ivanovich Kirpichnikov (1892–1917)

Born into a peasant family in the Saransk district of the Penza province. He studied at a public school. He was drafted into the army before the start of the war due to reaching conscription age.

He served in Petrograd as a senior sergeant major in the training team of the reserve battalion of the Volyn Life Guards Regiment.

On the morning of February 27, 1917, at 5 o’clock in the morning, he raised the soldiers subordinate to him, armed them and lined them up before the arrival of his superiors. The day before, their commander, Staff Captain Lashkevich, on the orders of the commander of the Petrograd Military District S.S. Khabalov, took the team to the city: riots occurred in the capital, accompanied by violence and attacks on the lives of military and police officials. At night, Timofey Kirpichnikov persuaded his assistants, the “platoon leaders,” to refuse to participate in suppressing the unrest. Arriving at the unit's location, Lashkevich met resistance from his subordinates, tried to escape and was shot in the back by Kirpichnikov.

The rebel training team, arms in hand, moved towards the reserve battalion of their regiment and carried it along with them. Then Timofey Kirpichnikov led the soldiers further - to raise the neighboring regiments. Overcoming the resistance of sentries and officers, they were able to bring many thousands of armed people onto the streets within a few hours. At some point, Kirpichnikov himself ceased to control the actions of the crowd, which randomly opened fire, stormed objects occupied by the gendarmerie, and ultimately prompted government agencies, including the government, curtail their activities, and later completely flee. During the day, other parts of the Petrograd garrison joined the armed rebellion, which ultimately led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the victory of the revolution.

The Provisional Government honored Kirpichnikov as “the first soldier to take up arms against the tsarist system.” He was promoted to lieutenant officer by the Provisional Government and awarded the St. George Cross, IV degree, presented to Kirpichnikov personally by General L. G. Kornilov. From the Volyn regiment, Kirpichnikov was elected to the Petrograd Soviet.

In April 1917, during violent protests against the Provisional Government, he organized a soldier demonstration in its support. This led to a decline in the authority of Kirpichnikov, who quickly left the political arena.

On October 25, 1917, during the anti-Bolshevik campaign of General P. N. Krasnov to Petrograd, Kirpichnikov tried again to raise a riot among the soldiers of the garrison, this time against new government. However, the uprising of the cadet schools did not cause a response among the soldiers - the plan failed.

In November, Kirpichnikov was able to escape from the capital to the Don, where he tried to join the Volunteer Army formed by General L. G. Kornilov. Unfortunately for him, he turned to Colonel A.P. Kutepov, one of the last defenders of the autocracy in Petrograd on February 27, 1917. A conversation took place between them, recorded by A.P. Kutepov in his memoirs: “One day a young officer came to my headquarters, He very cheekily told me that he had come to the Volunteer Army to fight the Bolsheviks “For the freedom of the people,” which the Bolsheviks are trampling on. I asked him where he had been until now and what he had been doing, the officer told me that he was one of the first “fighters for the freedom of the people” and that in Petrograd he took an active part in the revolution, being one of the first to oppose the old regime. When the officer wanted to leave, I ordered him to stay and, calling the officer on duty, sent for a squad. The young officer became agitated, turned pale and began asking why I was detaining him. Now you’ll see, I said, and when the squad arrived, I ordered this “freedom fighter” to be shot immediately. By order of Kutepov, Kirpichnikov was shot.”

Well, what happened to the Volyn Life Guards Regiment?

At first, the Provisional Government, which in every possible way extolled the participation of the Volynians in the revolution, renamed the Reserve Regiment in the Guard on May 9, 1917, the Reserve Volyn Regiment, which ceased to exist when the Bolsheviks came to power.

In the White Army, Volynians in the summer of 1919 made up two companies in the 2nd battalion of the 2nd Consolidated Guards Regiment; on September 16, 1919, a battalion was formed in the Consolidated Regiment of the 3rd Guards Infantry Division (the 4th company operated separately). This is a heroic, glorious, but weak shadow of the Volyn Life Guards Regiment: on November 2, 1919, the battalion numbered 200 bayonets. In the Russian Army, from August 1920, he formed a company in the 3rd battalion of the Consolidated Guards Infantry Regiment.

1920 - a regimental association in emigration was formed in Sremski Karlovice - “Society of Messrs. officers of the Life Guards Volyn Regiment." A regiment museum was formed, and the almanac “Bulletin of Volynets” was published. In 1929 - 77 members, in 1951 - 29.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book From Austerlitz to Paris. The roads of defeats and victories author Goncharenko Oleg Gennadievich

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