Dolphins are very smart. Dolphins are small whales

(1) In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for animals, about its rare learning abilities. (2) (…….), dolphins are very smart: in the seas they save their wounded brothers, together or alone water so that the victims can breathe; more than once these animals and people have saved. (3) The fact that in captivity they have learned to do many different tricks also speaks of the mind of dolphins, but the fact that the intelligence and abilities of a dolphin are equal to human ones will hardly ever be proven.

1. Indicate two sentences in which the HOME information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) It will hardly ever be proven that the intelligence and abilities of a dolphin are equal to those of humans, although their mind allows them to save their fellows, and sometimes people, in the wild, and in captivity to master various tricks.

2) In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for an animal, about its rare learning abilities, and someday it will be proven that the intelligence and abilities of a dolphin are equal to those of a human.

3) Dolphins are very smart, their mind allows them to master various tricks in captivity, but it will hardly ever be proven that dolphins have speech abilities.

4) In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for an animal, about its rare learning abilities, about the fact that dolphins are representatives of the second earthly civilization.

2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place

gaps in the second sentence? Write out this word.

Actually

Undoubtedly

Without a doubt

3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word ABILITY. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first sentence. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

ABILITY, -i, f. 1. Natural giftedness, talent. A man of great ability. S. to music. 2. Ability, as well as the ability to perform some action. The ability to move. purchasing power of the population.

4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: WRONG the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted. Write out this word.

sent

acquired

call me

5. In one of the sentences below WRONG highlighted word is used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.

There were a GREAT crowd of people, as if the whole city wished to see the poet and hear his amazing voice.

The system of PRACTICAL studies is widespread in higher education.

THE ENGINEER'S SECONDED IDENTITY IS PLACED ON THE TABLE.

HUMANE laws are possible only in a mature society.

The language in which the works of oral folk art are written is rich, bright, COLORFUL.

6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.

a pair of BOOTS

much better

FOUR ways

kilogram of APPLES

7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

A) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

B) build error complex sentence

C) a violation in the construction of a sentence with

Inconsistent application

D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate

E) violation of the species-temporal correlation of verb forms

SUGGESTIONS

1) When I first started working on the jury of a film festival, it helped me to take a fresh look at our profession.

2) Planting and caring for flowers in the garden is by no means easy.

3) Anyone who has watched the film “The meeting place cannot be changed” at least once will easily recognize quotes from it.
4) The picture depicted a ship rising on the crest of a sea rampart.

5) Thanks to the hard work of the participants of long-term expeditions in Novgorod, a large number of ancient birch bark writings were found and described.

6) Doctors believe that the disease is so serious that one has to fear for the life of the patient.

7) The Fidget magazine has a lot of interesting tasks for elementary school students.

8) The kid shouted loudly that I want this car.

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter

pereg.. roaring

try .. fight,

cf .. attentive,

tr..pinka,

9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letters.

Oh..beat, by..build

h..frequently, p..yesterday

previous..history, not..famous

pr..location, pr..huge

in..do, ra..think

10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the gap.

pleasing..y otta..wat

otkle..vat vol..howl

pearl..nka

11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.

envy .. you are indignant .. you

sticking out .. my breeze .. shushing

hung..my

12. Define a sentence in which NOT with the word is written separately? Open the brackets and write out this word.

The (un)expressed reproach shone in Sofya Nikolaevna's eyes.

Whales often swallow objects that are obviously (not) food for them.

I settled in a (not) large, bright room.

Everything in the apartment has remained (un)touched since the day Lisa left.

The climber is attracted by (un)conquered peaks.

13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are written ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

(On) this path has not been traveled for a long time, (from) that road is overgrown with thick grass.

My friend, just like me, chose for a long time what to read to him.

I had to abandon (abandon) what was planned, since the money (to) the account was not received.

In order to study the behavior of these animals, biologists had to observe them for a long time, for (then) the results of the observations turned out to be very interesting.

The first few years in Vienna were for Beethoven (FOR) the happiest time of his life, BECAUSE it was here that he gained real fame.

14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which it is written NN.

The owner was wearing a fabric (1) shirt, sub-belts (2) leather (3) th belt, and pants (4) that had not been ironed for a long time.

15. Set up punctuation marks. Choose two sentences in which you want to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.

1) Both ours and the enemy army languished in anticipation of a real battle.

2) Our inner world tuned sensitively and subtly and responds to the most imperceptible sounds of life.

3) A simple quilted tunic or armor details served as protection for a medieval warrior.

4) The house was cleaned for the holiday with rose hips and white chamomile.

5) Gray clouds appeared in the sky () and dampness wafted in the air.

16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

Throwing on elegant dresses (1), the birches were the first to enter (2) the autumn dance (3) that merrily and quickly captured (4) the entire forest.

17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.

What do dialect words mean? Undoubtedly (1) many dialect words refer to rural realities: the word "golbets" (2) for example (3) in the northern regions is called an extension near the Russian stove. However (4) there are many more such words that serve as local names for ubiquitous objects.

1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

Already at present, humanity is acutely aware of the lack of fresh water, and every year the problem of water supply becomes more and more acute: after all, the total water consumption in the world is a thousand times higher than the use of all other resources combined. To satisfy the "water hunger" of the inhabitants of our planet, there are various ways. One of the most effective is the desalination of the salty waters of the World Ocean, especially since large areas of arid and low-watered territories adjoin its shores.

1) Desalination of sea waters is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of acute shortage of fresh water, therefore, at present, mankind knows at least thirty ways to solve this complex problem.
2) Already today, humanity is acutely aware of the lack of fresh water, and every year the problem of water supply becomes more and more acute, as the total water consumption in the world is increasing all the time.
3) To solve one of the acute problems of mankind - the lack of fresh water - there are various ways, the most effective and expedient of which is the desalination of the salty waters of the oceans.
4) Large areas of arid and low-water areas adjoin the shores of the World Ocean, so the inhabitants of these territories experience an acute shortage of fresh water.

2. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

Having safely crossed the Atlantic and having landed with his crew on the coast of America, Columbus was convinced that he had reached India, and therefore he called the locals "Indians". Despite the obvious mistake, this name was assigned to the indigenous people who inhabit the American continent. But in fact, the American Indians were not even a single people: they were strikingly different from each other in growth and appearance, spoke many different languages and created a wide variety of customs and beliefs.

1) The common name "Indians" was assigned to the native inhabitants of America thanks to Columbus, because the inhabitants of the American continent have many common features: dark skin, high cheekbones, black hair and eyes, chemical composition blood.
2) Despite the obvious mistake, the name "Indians" was assigned to the indigenous people who inhabit the American continent, so they created a variety of customs.
3) Until the end of his days, Columbus did not admit his mistake and was convinced that, having safely crossed the Atlantic and landed on the coast of America, he reached India, which is why he called the local inhabitants of the American continent "Indians".
4) For the indigenous people of America, who were not a single people, the erroneous name "Indians" was assigned, since Columbus, who discovered America, believed that he had reached India.

3. In which of the following sentences is the main information contained in the text correctly conveyed?

In those parts the globe where fresh water resources are scarce, as drinking water and for domestic needs they use sea water, after removing salt from it. This process is called desalination and can be carried out different ways. Boiling water is most often used, in which the water begins to rise up in the form of steam, and the salt remains below, after which the steam cools and, condensing, turns into pure water.

1) In those parts of the globe where fresh water reserves are small, sea water is used as drinking water and for domestic needs, after removing salt from it by filtration and aeration.
2) In areas with particularly hard water, chemical treatment is sometimes used to remove some of the salts dissolved in it, and only after that the water enters the pipes for domestic needs.
3) Where fresh water reserves are small, sea water is used, desalinating water by boiling, when it rises in the form of steam, and salt remains below; steam, condensing, turns into pure water.
4) Where sea water reserves are large, special desalination stations are built to desalinate sea water, which make it possible to obtain fresh water from salt water.

4. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

The principle of competitive exclusion states that two species cannot exist in the same locality if they occupy the same ecological niche. Any two species with the same ecological needs are separated in space or time (they live in different tiers of the forest; they lead a different lifestyle - day or night). If space-time divergence is impossible, one of the species dies or develops a new ecological niche.

1) According to the principle of competitive exclusion, two species cannot exist in the same locality if they occupy the same ecological niche: one of the species dies or develops a new ecological niche.
2) The principle of competitive exclusion states that the ecological tolerance, or valency of a species, is always wider than the ecological tolerance of an individual.
3) The principle of competitive exclusion states that ecological spectra different types living in the same area never coincide if the species differ in at least one valency.
4) According to the principle of competitive exclusion, any two species with the same ecological needs are separated in time if they do not live in the same locality.

5. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for animals, about its rare learning abilities. Undoubtedly, dolphins are very smart: in the seas, they rescue their wounded brethren, together or alone, pushing them out of the water so that the victims can breathe; more than once saved these animals and people. The intelligence of dolphins is also evidenced by the fact that in captivity they have learned to do many different tricks, but the fact that the intellect and abilities of a dolphin are equal to human ones will hardly ever be proven.

1) In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for an animal, about its rare learning abilities, and someday it will be proved that the intelligence and abilities of a dolphin are equal to those of a human.
2) In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for an animal, about its rare learning abilities, about the fact that dolphins are representatives of the second earthly civilization.
3) It will hardly ever be proven that the intelligence and abilities of a dolphin are equal to those of humans, although their mind allows them to save their fellows, and sometimes people, in the wild, and in captivity to master various tricks.
4) Dolphins are very smart, their mind allows them to master various tricks in captivity, but it will hardly ever be proven that dolphins have speech abilities.

6. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

When the air is humid, we perceive odorous substances dissolved in the air better, they excite the olfactory receptors in the nose more strongly. Therefore, when we walk in rainy weather, it seems to us that everything smells stronger. Outside the city, we rejoice in the fresh air, and in the city we feel the unpleasant smells of exhaust and industrial gases much more acutely in rainy weather than in sunny weather.

1) Odorants dissolved in humid air excite olfactory receptors more strongly, so in rainy weather it seems to us that everything smells stronger.
2) In sunny weather, we almost do not feel the unpleasant odors of exhaust and industrial gases.
3) When the air is humid, everything smells stronger, so outside the city we rejoice in fresh air.
4) Outside the city, we enjoy the fresh air, but in the city we feel the unpleasant smells of exhaust and industrial gases much stronger.

7. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

In the sea around a volcanic crater, located on the surface of a volcano or shallow under water, a reef is formed - an elevation in the form of a ring. It consists of the skeletons of corals - microscopic marine creatures, millions of which live in warm sea water at shallow depths. As the volcanic island collapses and sinks under water, the coral reef rises higher and higher.

1) In the sea around a volcanic crater, located on the surface of a volcano or shallow under water, an elevation in the form of a ring is formed.
2) The coral reef consists of the skeletons of corals - microscopic marine creatures, millions of which live in warm sea water at shallow depths.
3) A ring-shaped reef consisting of coral skeletons forms around the crater of an underwater volcano and rises as the volcanic island collapses.
4) As the volcanic island collapses, the coral reef sinks.

8. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

Great apes, helping their relatives, especially cubs, if necessary, use the same method of artificial respiration as modern doctors. A few years ago, at the Dresden Zoo, a male orangutan saved the life of his newborn cub in this way. Unlike humans, monkeys resort to artificial respiration unconsciously, instinctively, and not consciously.

1) Great apes do not understand that they breathe air and that air saturates the blood with oxygen in the lungs, so they resort to artificial respiration instinctively.
2) Not all orangutan cubs are born viable; to save them, monkeys resort to artificial respiration.
3) A few years ago, at the Dresden Zoo, a male orangutan saved the life of his newborn cub.
4) Unlike a person, great apes if necessary, make artificial respiration to their relatives instinctively.

9. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

Einstein's theory was truly a landmark discovery. He argued that the only constant in nature is the speed of light in a vacuum, and time and space are relative. The bold statement refuted Newton's laws, which were generally accepted at that time.

1) Einstein's theory of relativity, which refuted Newton's laws, states that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant, while time and space are relative.
2) Einstein's theory of relativity eventually became generally accepted.
3) The laws of Newton, who claimed that the only constant in nature is the speed of light in a vacuum, were universally recognized at the time of Einstein.
4) Einstein argued that time, space and the speed of light are relative.

10. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text?

Pascal is one of the most famous people in the history of mankind. Let us mention one more facet of Pascal's heritage - his practical achievements. Some of them are simply wonderful, but today few people remember the name of their author. For I.S. Turgenev, the measure of convenience and simplicity was the "Egg of Columbus" and "Pascal's wheelbarrow". Having learned that the great scientist had invented the most ordinary wheelbarrow, he wrote to N.A. Nekrasov: "I'm talking about Pascal's wheelbarrow - you know that Pascal invented this apparently so simple car." Pascal also came up with the idea of omnibuses - public carriages with fixed routes - the first type of citywide transport. (S.G. Gindikin from the book "Stories about physicists and mathematicians")

1) An immense literature is devoted to Pascal, because he is one of the most famous people in the history of mankind.
2) What aspects of the life and legacy of Pascal did not concern "Pascal studies"!
3) Pascal is known not only for his scientific, but also for practical achievements: it was he who came up with the ideas of creating, for example, a wheelbarrow and an omnibus.
4) I.S. Turgenev in correspondence with N.A. Nekrasov mentioned the inventions of Pascal.

Option No. 5442638

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Version for printing and copying in MS Word

Indicate the no-measure of the pre-lo-zhe-ny, in some it is true re-re-yes-on the MAIN in-for-ma-tion, so-der-zha-scha -I'm in the text. For-pi-shi-te no-me-ra of these pre-lo-same-ny.

1) In recent years, a lot of pi-sa-li about you-da-yu-schem-sya for the animal-no-go in-tel-lek-te del-fi-na, about his red- some ability to learn, and someday it will be up to-ka-for-but that in-tel-lect and the ability to del-fi-are equal che-lo-ve-che-sky.

2) In recent years, there has been a lot of pi-sa-li about you-y-y-u-schem-sya for the animal-no-go in-tel-lek-te del-fi-na, about his red- some abilities for learning, about the fact that del-fi-ns are pre-hundred-vi-te-whether the second earthly qi-vi-li-za-tion .

3) It is unlikely that it will ever be before-ka-for-but that in-tel-lect and the ability of del-fi-na are equal to human-lo-ve-che-sky, although their the mind allows them to save their fellow brothers, and sometimes people, in the wild, and in the absence of master various tricks.

4) Del-fi-ns are very co-ob-ra-zi-tel-nas, their mind pos-in-la-et them in not-in-le master-and-vat various personal tricks, but hardly will it ever be up to-ka-for-but that del-fi-us about-la-da-yut re-che-you-mi-so-but-stya-mi.

5) Despite the fact that the mind is del-fi-new and allows them to free-save their fellow brothers, and sometimes people, and even master different personal tricks in non-in-le, it’s unlikely that it will ever be up to-ka-for-but that in-tel-lect and the ability to del-fi-na are equal to -lo-ve-che-skim.

Answer:

Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the second sentence?

Despite this,

Despite this

Undoubtedly

Answer:

Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word UM. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.

MIND, -and husband.

1. The ability of a person to think, the basis of a conscious, intelligent life. Mentality. Someone of sound mind and solid memory.(completely normal). Gives nothing to the mind or heart(doesn't do any good). None of your business(you are not smart enough to judge this, it is not for you to decide; colloquial neod.). W. is good, but two is better(last). How many heads, so many minds(last). They are greeted by clothes, escorted by mind(last).

2. Such ability, developed to a high degree, high intelligence development. Brilliant at. Be different in mind. Natural at. Someone's crazy.(very smart; colloquial).

3. trans. About a person as a carrier of intellect. The best minds humanity(great thinkers, scientists; high).

Answer:

In one of the words below, there is a mistake in a hundred-new-ke hit-re-niya: NOT-VERY-BUT you-de-le-on a letter, denoting cha-yu-shchaya shock-ny vowel sound. You-pi-shi-te this word.

plum

oplom-bi-ro-vat

red-si-vey-shiy

Answer:

In one of the prepositions given below, NOT-VERY-NO mentions-required-le-but you-de-len-th word. Correct-those lek-si-che-skuyu mistake, after-bringing to you-de-len-no-th word pa-ro-nim. For-pi-shi-te in-do-swear word.

PREDATORY before-by-cha mi-not-ra-catching already on-nes-la not-sun-half-no-my damage at-ro-de not-pain-sho-go af-ri-kan-sko th state-su-dar-stva.

Members of the Olym-piy-sko-go-ko-mi-te-ta is-pol-not-us RE-SHI-MO-STI to-beat-you-with-to-go quality under-go- tov-ki tracks for ski races and bi-at-lo-on.

Many of those-at-ra-ly consider that the main thing in the spec-so-le is the director's for-we-sat, someone-ry usi-li-i-mi of all the participant-ni-kov of the pro-cess creates a new SCE-NOT-CHE-SKY real-ness.

In order to increase the activity and PRO-DUCT-TIV-NESS of work, psycho-ho-lo-gi co-ve-tu-yut four-re-to-vat types of de -I-tel-no-sti.

Answer:

In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

mountain of oranges

MOST relevant

THEIR affairs

TRY THE CAKE

all ages

Answer:

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS

SUGGESTIONS

A) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover

B) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

C) an error in constructing a sentence with a participial turnover

D) violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application

D) an error in the construction of a complex sentence

1) Every summer dawn, Gerasim, despite his blindness, went to the fields to catch quails.

2) In his articles, this journalist raised questions that concern many of his contemporaries.

3) D.S. Likhachev, who passionately loves his native culture, appears before us in the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful”.

4) Contrary to the prediction of my companion, the weather cleared up.

5) Upon graduation from the institute, our graduates can count on employment in specialized companies.

6) The silence of waiting was already mixed not so much with the audible as with the guessed noise of the inevitable movement of the train.

7) Having received his primary home education in Moscow, Radishchev was enrolled in the St. Petersburg Corps of Pages.

8) In the abandoned tavern, in front of which stood the doctor's wagon, about five officers had already gathered.

9) She dreams that she is walking along a snowy meadow, and wonderful birds are flying around.

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	AT	G	D

Answer:

Define-de-li-those word, in some-rum pro-pus-shche-on without-shock pro-ve-rya-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting a missed letter.

aviation..mpa-tion

lake .. ry-Xia

k..sleep-sya

p..zhai-shii

next .. alive

Answer:

Define-de-li-te a row, in some-rum in both words pro-pu-sche-on the same letter. You-pi-shi-those these words, inserting a missed letter.

and..ras-ho-to-vat, and..under-tish-ka;

pr .. haul-but-sit, pr .. deaf-sew;

d..white, not..grasping;

previous .. history, inter .. nsti-tut-sky;

not .. look-ri-tel-ness, pr .. slav-vyan-sky.

Answer:

Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.

diligent..vy

unfastened .. fallen

dapper.. wadded

listen.. to listen

arrogant..vy

Answer:

Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.

wrestling..shishing

dozing..sh

bed..sh

Answer:

Define-de-li-those pre-lo-zhe-nie, in some rum NOT with the word pi-shet-sya SLIT-BUT. Ras-cut-those brackets and you-pi-shi-te this word.

(Not) pre-beautiful-shchav-sha-i-sya in those three days a blizzard for-me-la a hundred horns with snow.

After the re-mon-ta com-na-ta still (not) with-ve-de-na in a row-dock.

(Not) remembering evil, we reward for the good.

(Not) the usual ob-hundred-new-ka me-sha-la co-medium-to-chit-sya.

(Not) need to ask about what happened.

Answer:

Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are written ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.

Along the coastline (FOR) a kilometer there are recreation centers with restaurants and cafes, as well as detached cottages.

Alexei (HOW) managed to earn enough money (WHAT) WOULD his brother continue to study.

In the evening, Pyotr Ivanovich sat again AT (THAT) same table, listened to Nastasya Ivanovna and tried to understand WHY (WHY) he felt so good in this house.

(B) FOR two hours, climbers climbed the mountainside, then moving (B) FORWARD, then sliding down again.

Answer:

Indicate all the numbers, in place of someone write NN?

The numbers indicate in a row the age of the race.

By virtue of his non-definable business (1) th in the same way, Ar-se-niy could not for-no-mother only mu-zy-koy: he is welcome -di-moose you-half-take also the household (2) obligations (3) awns.

Answer:

Place pre-pi-na-niya signs. Indicate two prepositions, in some you need to put ONE for the fifth. For-pi-shi-te no-me-ra of these pre-lo-same-ny.

1) In 1856, in the German city of Karlsruhe, the first edition of the poem "Demon" was published in the former in-ru-chi-ka Ten-gin-sko- of the first regiment of M. Yu. M. Vru-be-la gave birth to a son - bu-du-schi hu-dozh-nik Mi-kha-il Vru-bel.

2) Many in-lot-on I.K. im-pro-vi-for-tion.

3) For the first time in such long military years, from the park to-but-strength, the ringing of children's laughter and the creak of pro-rzh-ve-shih from the rain ka-che-lei.

4) With-this-mi-de-cab-ri-hundred-mi com-po-zi-to-ra A. A. Alya-be-va connection-zy-va-li both general views and many circumstances of life and difficult personal fate.

5) In the Meshchersky Territory, the is-to-ki of rivers and rod-no-ki and groves and oak-ra-you became for-by-ved-us.

Answer:

You-so-kaya grass (1) on-klo-niv-sha-i-sya to the ground (2) gently rolled around (3) on-wet-rain (4) stem-loving de re-vieve.

Answer:

Fill in all the missing punctuation marks:

Tell me (1) uncle (2) it's not for nothing (3)

Moscow burned by fire

given to the French?

After all (4) there were fighting fights,

Yes (5) they say (6) what else!

No wonder (7) the whole of Russia remembers

About the day of Borodin!

(M. Lermontov)

Answer:

Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.

Winding paths (1) smooth lines (2) which (3) beckon into the depths of the site (4) make the garden mysterious.

Answer:

Arrange all the signs of pre-pi-na-niya: indicate the number (s), in place of someone swarm (s) in the pre-lo-s-the-s should stand for the fifth (s).

His hand trembled (1) and (2) when Ni-ko-bark pe-re-da-val horse ko-no-wo-du (3) he felt-stvo-val (4) like with a thump, blood comes to the heart.

Answer:

Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.

1) The narrator still does not know whether his friend saved him or betrayed him.

2) Seryozhka Leontiev courageously dragged a wounded comrade on himself.

3) Sergei did not know if the narrator would still be alive, so he gave Galka what his friend asked for.

4) Everyone laughed at the narrator, and it was very insulting.

5) Sergei deliberately told about the request of a friend in order to show himself more favorably.

I said to Sergei:

(According to M. Khudyakov*)

*Mikhail Georgievich Khudyakov

Answer:

Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.

Enter the numbers in ascending order.

1) Sentences 27-30 present reasoning.

2) Sentences 3-5 contain a descriptive fragment.

3) Sentence 25 confirms the judgment made in sentence 18 of the text.

4) Sentences 10-12 list events occurring one after another.

5) Sentences 22-23 contain a fragment of reasoning.

(1) He carried me eight kilometers. (2) Eight thousand meters on hot ground. (3) I still remember his hot back, sweat, which, like acid, corroded the skin on his hands. (4) And the white distance, like a starched hospital sheet ... (5) I remember all this, I remember in detail, in detail, in colors. (6) But still I can’t understand anything. (7) And today, many years later, when I remember that incident, my wisdom, having lost its balance, helplessly gets stuck in a thick quagmire of bewilderment: our whole life seems incomprehensible and strange to me, especially if you try to understand it.

(8) We were thirteen then - me and my bosom friend Seryozhka Leontiev. (9) We went fishing far away to an old, shallow pond. (10) I suddenly felt like refreshing myself, and I climbed into the water, but before I could take a step, I cried out from a sharp pain in my leg. (11) Seryozhka rushed to me, he dragged me ashore. (12) I saw with horror that a fragment of a bottle neck was sticking out of the heel, and thick blood was dripping onto the grass. (13) Eight kilometers Seryozhka carried me on himself.

- (14) Seryon, leave me! I whispered with dry lips.

- (15) No! - croaked a friend. (16) It was like in a movie: a friend takes a wounded friend out of the battlefield. (17) Bullets are whistling, shells are exploding, and at least henna to him. (18) He is ready to sacrifice his life, give his heart, his soul, ready to give everything in the world ... (19) I was dizzy from weakness, and suddenly, I don’t know why,

I said to Sergei:

- (20) Seryon, if I die, then say hello to Galka Korshunova from me! (21) Tell her that I loved her.

(22) Seryozhka, blowing drops of sweat from his face, tore his T-shirt into shreds and from fatigue, it seems, he no longer understood what I was saying. (23) He dragged me to the hospital, then, breathing heavily, sat on the couch and watched the doctor treat my wound.

(24) And the next day, when I, limping, went out into the yard, everyone already knew that before my death I asked to say hello to Galka Korshunova. (25) And I became the laughing stock of the whole school. (26) My appearance now caused convulsions of mocking giggles in everyone, and I, a naturally cheerful boy, became withdrawn and shy to the point of pain.

(27) Why did he tell them about my greetings? (28) Maybe he just outlined all the details of that case, not assuming that my request would make everyone laugh so much? (29) Or maybe he wanted his heroism to look more impressive against the background of my frail acting? (30) I don't know!

(31) He carried me eight kilometers along the sun-drenched road. (32) But I still don’t know if he saved me or betrayed me.

(33) The scar on my leg has almost completely healed, but my heart is still bleeding. (34) And when they say to me: “So-and-so said hello to you,” I freeze with horror and goosebumps run down my back.

(According to M. Khudyakov*)

*Mikhail Georgievich Khudyakov(1894-1936) - historian, archaeologist, folklorist, author of a number of ethnographic and archaeological essays on the history of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric peoples.

(3) I still remember his hot back, sweat, which, like acid, corroded the skin on his hands. (4) And the white distance, like a starched hospital sheet ... (5) I remember all this, I remember in detail, in detail, in colors.

Answer:

From sentence 9 you-pi-shi-te phra-zeo-logism

- (14) Seryon, leave me! I whispered with dry lips.

I said to Sergei:

- (20) Seryon, if I die, then say hello to Galka Korshunova from me! (21) Tell her that I loved her.

(31) He carried me eight kilometers along the sun-drenched road. (32) But I still don’t know if he saved me or betrayed me.

(According to M. Khudyakov*)

*Mikhail Georgievich Khudyakov(1894-1936) - historian, archaeologist, folklorist, author of a number of ethnographic and archaeological essays on the history of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric peoples.

(9) We went to fish for three-de-vyat lands on an old, about-me-left pond.

Answer:

Among prepositions 22-25, find such(s), some-swarm(s) connected-for-but(s) with the previous -shchi of a personal-no-go-sto-name. Write the number(s) of this offer(s).

- (14) Seryon, leave me! I whispered with dry lips.

I said to Sergei:

- (20) Seryon, if I die, then say hello to Galka Korshunova from me! (21) Tell her that I loved her.

(31) He carried me eight kilometers along the sun-drenched road. (32) But I still don’t know if he saved me or betrayed me.

(According to M. Khudyakov*)

*Mikhail Georgievich Khudyakov(1894-1936) - historian, archaeologist, folklorist, author of a number of ethnographic and archaeological essays on the history of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric peoples.

(22) Seryozhka, blowing a drop of sweat from his face, tore his T-shirt to los-ku-you and from fatigue, it seems, he no longer co-ob-ra-stinged, what I say. (23) He dragged me to the pain, then, breathing heavily, he sat on the couch and looked like a doctor about-ra-ba-you-va- et my wound.

(24) And the next day, when I, limping, went out into the yard, everyone already knew that before I died, I asked to re-re-give hello to Gal-ke Kor -shu-no-howl. (25) And I made a laugh for the whole school.

Answer:

Pro-chi-tay-te fragment of re-census. In it, there are races-smat-ri-va-yut-xia languages especially-ben-no-sti of the text-hundred. Some-one-rye ter-mi-ns, used-pol-zo-van-nye in re-censions, pro-forests. Insert the numbers in the places of the passes, corresponding to the vet-stvo-th-no-me-ru ter-mi-na from the list.

“Hero M. Khu-dya-ko-va recalls the case, someone made him think about many things. Techniques such as (A) _____ (“carried me seven kilo-meters”, “seven kilo-meters ... carried me” in pre-lo-zhe- ni-yah 1, 13, 31; “remember” in preposition 5) and (B) _____ (preposition 3-4), in co-che-ta-ni with cf. -ni-tel-ny-mi ob-ro-ta-mi for-da-yut alarming-but-tense tone to the whole text-stu. Pro-ti-vo-re-chi-vost-to-step-ka Earrings Leon-tie-va emphasizing such a lek-si-che-remedy as (B) _____ (“saved” - “ betrayed" in preposition 32), and such a trope as (D) _____ ("heart-blood-to-chit" in preposition 33), ne- re-gives a shake-up of the hero.

Spi-juice ter-mi-nov:

1) contextual an-to-no-we

2) me-ta-fo-ra

3) ri-to-ri-che-sky question

4) steam-target-la-tion

5) whether something

6) dia-lectism

7) a number of one-native members

8) epi-tet

9) lek-si-che-sky in the second

Write down the numbers in response, sort them out in a row, corresponding to the letter-to-you:

A	B	AT	G

- (14) Seryon, leave me! I whispered with dry lips.

I said to Sergei:

- (20) Seryon, if I die, then say hello to Galka Korshunova from me! (21) Tell her that I loved her.

(31) He carried me eight kilometers along the sun-drenched road. (32) But I still don’t know if he saved me or betrayed me.

(According to M. Khudyakov*)

*Mikhail Georgievich Khudyakov(1894-1936) - historian, archaeologist, folklorist, author of a number of ethnographic and archaeological essays on the history of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric peoples.

Answer:

Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting). Explain the meaning of each example and indicate the semantic relationship between them.

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is rated 0 points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

- (14) Seryon, leave me! I whispered with dry lips.

I said to Sergei:

- (20) Seryon, if I die, then say hello to Galka Korshunova from me! (21) Tell her that I loved her.

(31) He carried me eight kilometers along the sun-drenched road. (32) But I still don’t know if he saved me or betrayed me.

(According to M. Khudyakov*)

*Mikhail Georgievich Khudyakov(1894-1936) - historian, archaeologist, folklorist, author of a number of ethnographic and archaeological essays on the history of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric peoples.

Solutions to tasks with a detailed answer are not checked automatically.
On the next page, you will be asked to check them yourself.

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1 OPTION 1 PART 1 Read the text and do the tasks). In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for animals, about its rare learning abilities. 2).< >, dolphins are very smart: in the seas they save their wounded brothers, together or alone pushing them out of the water so that the victims can breathe; more than once saved these animals and people. 3). The intelligence of dolphins is also evidenced by the fact that in captivity they have learned to do many different tricks, but the fact that the intellect and abilities of a dolphin are equal to human ones will hardly ever be proven. 1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1. In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for an animal, about its rare learning abilities, and someday it will be proven that the intelligence and abilities of a dolphin are equal to those of a human. 2. In recent years, much has been written about the dolphin's outstanding intelligence for an animal, about its rare learning abilities, about the fact that dolphins are representatives of the second earthly civilization. 3. It will hardly ever be proven that the intellect and abilities of a dolphin are equal to those of a human, although their mind allows them to save their fellows, and sometimes people, in the wild, and in captivity to master various tricks. 4. Dolphins are very smart, their mind allows them to master various tricks in captivity, but it will hardly ever be proven that dolphins have speech abilities. 5. Dolphins rescue their wounded brethren and push them out of the water so they can breathe. 2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write out this word. however, nevertheless, it is indisputable, although vice versa 3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meanings of the word UM. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the third (3) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. Um, ah, husband. 1. The ability to think, reason and draw conclusions. Have a mind. 2. High degree of intelligence. Incredible mind. 3. Intellectual, outstanding thinker. The best mind of domestic science.

2 4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word. plucked get through (squirrel) dexterity will give a long-standing 5. In one of the sentences below, the highlighted word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. Types of PROTECTIVE coloration are diverse and occur among various groups of animals. Two SAND tornadoes several meters high swept through the Sahara desert. According to newspaper reports, the launch of the communications satellite took place, but was UNSUCCESSFUL. The participants of the song contest PRESENTED their performances to the fans of the festival. 6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. QUALIFIED LECTURERS ROCK THEIR OPINION IN TWO THOUSAND AND FOUR FIVE HUNDRED students 7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. SUGGESTIONS A) Making thousands of kilometers of flights, the path runs over the seas, where there are no landmarks. B) Everyone who watched Gaidai's comedies rewatches them again. C) One of the heroes of the story, who lived to old age, manages to acquire his own house. D) According to the complaint procedure, you must appear in court in 10 days. E) Tolstoy told the world a story about all aspects of the life of the nobles in the novel War and Peace. GRAMMAR ERRORS 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition 2) a violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate 3) a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application 4) an error in the construction of a sentence with homogeneous members 5) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover

3 SENTENCES GRAMMAR ERRORS 6) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover 7) incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech 8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter. ut..schenie met..orologiya suggest..zap..roar k..brown 9. Determine the series in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter. be..pity, in..beggar with..submission, cont..particularity pr..stand up, pr..cute impervious..ascended, pr..close to ..worry, raz..charm 10. Write out the word, in which the letter E is written at the place of the pass. stel..shh..my delay..you burn out..you are glued..sh 11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap. vystra..vaya quick..slightly broken..ny 12. Determine the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled TOGETHER. Open the brackets and write out this word. Sit quietly, but (not) I will call the director. (Not) despite the habit of neglecting playing folk musical instruments, the ladies-in-waiting listened to the sounds with surprise and interest. It was by no means (not) pleasant to remember everything that Grigory had experienced in recent months. Valentine walked, (not) looking at his feet.

4 In the light blue of the sky, still (not) warmer after the night, the clouds turned pink. 13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are spelled ONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words. A dramatic work must be built in such a way that (WOULD) its meaning rises above it (IN) THE LIKENESS of a spire. (ON) NEXT to the paintings on contemporary themes a large place in Repin's work is occupied by historical painting, to which he periodically returns (IN) DURING his whole life. Blok (WOULD) PREFER THAT (WOULD) be the "silent, withdrawn soul" of the poet, for whom the whole world is a "booth", and remained immersed in foggy dreams. (I) SO, Pushkin's ballad is historically reliable, (THAT) IS, compared to Zhukovsky's ballads, it is closer to reality. (APPOINTS) Botticelli was a student of the famous painter Philippe Lippi, as well as the Florentine painter and sculptor Andrea Verrocchio. 14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written. A long (1) row of invisible (2) paintings in old (3) frames, hanging (4) on ugly (5) walls, delighted the eye with a riot of colors. 15. Arrange punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. 1. And he does not see and does not hear and does not notice anything and talks to himself! 2. My head was noisy either from the howling and whistling of the storm, or from joyful excitement. 3. The fellow traveler did not hear what was said or ignored my hint. 4. To check the spelling of an unstressed vowel of the root, you need to change the word or choose a related one. 5. The ability to navigate in time is in both animals and plants. 16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence. Panikovsky (1), moving his feet (2), grabbed the body, then leaned on the side with his stomach, rolled into the car and (3) clattering with starched cuffs (4) fell to the bottom of the car. 17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentences. At night, the place (1) seemed (2) dead, even the dogs did not bark, no light streamed from any window. From the rain, from wet fences, from damp bark, it smelled of something (3) incredibly (4) cheerful, spring, happy. 18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.

5 In subsequent years (1) the poet will often meet with a school friend (2) whose opinion (3) (4) he cares about. 19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence. Now I will have to leave for a short time (1) but (2) when I return to Moscow again (3) I will be sincerely glad to see you (4) if you deign to agree to a meeting. Read the text and do the tasks (1) The Prut campaign of Peter the Great, undertaken in 1711, as they say, did not work out right away. (2) After the victory over the Swedes, in the minds of many Russian statesmen, what would later be called dizziness from success began. (З) When near Poltava the army of the Swedish king Charles XII, who had not known defeat before, who held the whole of Europe in check, was utterly defeated, it seemed to many that now nothing was impossible for Russian weapons, that the miraculous heroes would only whistle and the Turks would immediately throw out a white flag . (4) But it was not there. (5) The Turks cunningly lured the Russian army into the waterless steppes, and then surrounded them. (b) the terrible heat, hunger and thirst, the Turkish horsemen, silently looming in the haze, like ghosts from the underworld, the incessant sobs of the officers' wives, all merged into funeral music, which was conducted by inevitability (7) No one knew what to do. (8) You can’t move forward, because the enemies outnumbered them four times, you can’t stand still, allowing the Turks to tighten the encirclement. (9) But it is impossible to retreat. (10) Like water in a drying up steppe well, strength melted, little by little despair and hopelessness took possession of people who were trapped. (11) Tsar Peter, perhaps, understood the seriousness of the situation better than others, but he needed to think not about his own life, but about the fate of the country, which could lose its ruler. (12) Then the tsar sent a letter to the Boyar Duma, which would be more correctly called a will. (13) In a short message, he gives the last orders to his associates, asks them to be guided in their activities by the state interests. (14) The Turks grabbed the messenger, found the dispatch and read it carefully. (15) Charles XII, who was hiding with the Turks, was rubbing his hands rather: the letter clearly indicated that the situation of the Russians was not just difficult, it was hopeless. (16) But the Grand Vizier, on the contrary, plunged into thought, and then suddenly announced that he had decided to conclude a truce with the encircled Russian army and let him go on all four sides. (17) Karl decided that he had heard wrong: what kind of truce, who releases the enemy who is trapped? (18) Yes, this vizier is crazy! (19) The Swedish king asks, pleads, demands, conjures, but the vizier shakes his head unwaveringly: from the intercepted message it is clear that the Russian tsar is already ready for death, which means that his soldiers will fight furiously, to the last breath, to the last drop blood. (20) Of course, a hundred and fifty thousand Turkish army is likely to defeat 40 thousand Russian soldiers, but this will be a Pyrrhic victory. (21) It's better if the Russians just leave. (22) This historical fact can cause different assessments, become a subject for deep sociological, philosophical and psychological generalizations. (23) The main thing is important: in this campaign, as if inglorious from the point of view of direct results, the force that is called the national spirit was clearly manifested. (24) Most often, this force is characterized using the terms “mysterious”, “unknown”, “incomprehensible”, but there is nothing mystical in it. (25) She is born from the need to protect her family, friend, home, Fatherland, that is, from the need to be responsible for something more than her own life. (26) Yes, military tasks were not solved in that campaign, not

6 glorious victories were won, but the main wisdom was obtained: not the one who has more people and weapons, but the one who has more stamina and courage. (According to S. Pokrovsky *) * Sergei Mikhailovich Pokrovsky (born in 1967) is a modern prose writer. 20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers. 1. Peter decided, having got out of the trap, to move forward no matter what, because he did not want to tarnish the glory of the Russian army with the shame of the inglorious return. 2. The Swedish king dreamed of revenge for the defeat at Poltava, so he insisted that the Turks start a battle with Peter's army. 3. Peter understood better than anyone what a dramatic situation the Russian army was in. 4. The Grand Vizier decided to engage in battle with the Russian regiments, four times the number of Turkish troops. 5. Peter sent a dispatch to the vizier with a request to release the Russian troops from the encirclement and extradite Charles XII. 21. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers. 1. Sentence 6 of the text contains a description element. 2. Sentences 8 9 present the narrative. 3. Sentence 14 lists the actions that took place in sequence. 4. Reasoning is presented in the sentences. 5. Reasoning is presented in the sentences. 22. From sentence 19 write down any 2 synonyms (synonymous pair). 23. Among the sentences, find one that is related to the previous one with the help of a possessive pronoun. Write the number of this offer. 24. “The author of the text, showing the confidence of many Russian statesmen in an easy victory over the Turks, uses the tropes (“the miraculous heroes will only whistle and the Turks will immediately throw out the white flag” (in sentence 3). The plight of the Russian army is depicted using such tropes , as ("terrible heat", "funeral music") and for example, "as if ghosts from the underworld" (in sentence 6). The reception "it is impossible" (in sentence 8) emphasizes the complexity of the situation described. "List of terms: 1. lexical repetition 2. opposition 3. book words 4. parcellation 5. comparison 6. epithet 7. dialectism

7 8. irony 9. rhetorical question PART Write an essay based on the read text. Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting). Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account). The volume of the essay is not less than 150 words. A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

8 Assignments The answer will undoubtedly get through 5 unsuccessful<или>unfortunate 6 2044 consolation 9 ruthlessnessinevitable<или>inevitable ruthlessness 10 laying 11 lining up 12 in spite of 13 to look like<или>like to askrequires<или>asksbegs<или>pleads, conjures, and other possible options

9 OPTION 2 PART 1 Read the text and complete tasks 1 3. (1) In the era of Peter the Great in everyday life included new objects, concepts, set foreign words. (2) This variety of innovations led to "a chaotic mixture of stylistically incompatible means in the stories of that time." (3) It was necessary to streamline, bring language means into a system, which was done in the middle of the 18th century by M.V. Lomonosov. (4) He was the first scientist in Russia who lectured on the exact sciences in Russian, and not in Latin, as was customary in European scientific and university practice of that time. (5)However, the means needed to express scientific concepts, in the Russian literary language then there was almost no. (6) Lomonosov had to develop a terminological system for various branches of scientific knowledge on his own. 1. Which of the sentences below conveys the main information? 1. M.V. Lomonosov was the first to give lectures in Russian, and the lack of language means allowed the scientist to develop a terminological system. 2. Lomonosov gave lectures for the first time in Russian, and not in Latin. 3. M.V. Lomonosov streamlined linguistic innovations and developed a terminological system for various branches of scientific knowledge. 4. In the era of Peter the Great, many innovations entered everyday life. 2. Which of the following words should be in place of the gap in the sixth sentence of the text? Write out this word. Here For example, But Therefore 3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word LANGUAGE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the fifth sentence (5) in the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. 1. Such an animal organ as food. Beef me. Jellied I 2. A movable muscular organ in the oral cavity that perceives taste sensations. Try on ya (i.e. taste). Serpentine me. (such an organ bifurcated at the end in the snake's mouth) 3. In the bell: a metal rod that makes a ringing by hitting the walls. 4. Historically established system of sound, vocabulary and grammar. History of language. Dead languages (known only from written monuments) 5. Speech, the ability to speak Lose language. The patient lies without a tongue and without movement. 6. The system of signs (sounds, signals) that convey information I. animals. Ya bees. I. gestures. Ya road signs. I. programming. Information languages (in the information processing system). 4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel was highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word. accepted started calling

10 cakes 5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. Ecologists are trying to identify a disease that threatens boxwood, especially its young seedlings, with extinction. Ecologists call for economical use of electricity and plan to hold a special eco-action for cellular communication SUBSCRIPTIONS. Rescuers quickly localized the fire in the high-rise building. The guests visited the assembly hall of the new building of the Lyceum, which is not inferior to a small DRAMA THEATER in scale and decoration. 6. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. in 2009 their clock planted twenty apple trees to refrain from commenting 7. Match the sentences with their grammatical errors: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. SUGGESTIONS A) Everyone who has been in small towns in Italy has seen stone bridges overgrown with ivy. B) Many people think that tourists are to blame for forest fires. C) The new legislative draft excited and was discussed by all deputies State Duma. D) Due to the increase in the level of service in company stores, there are more customers. E) The problem of economy and business was in the center of attention of the host of the TV show "Business Moscow". GRAMMAR ERRORS 1) The norms for constructing a complex sentence are violated. 2) An error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members. 3) The connection between the subject and the predicate is broken. 4) Control is broken: the verb requires a mandatory addition in the form of V.p. 5) Violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application. 6) Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition. 7) Violation of the construction of a sentence with a participial turnover. 8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter. zast..pouring sh..devre traditional..ents..clopedist r..censia

12 17. Put punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in place of which a comma should be in the sentences. In the 19th century in Russia, between the ranks of a titular councilor and a collegiate assessor (1), an abyss (2) opened up as a bridge (3) across which (4) a university or lyceum diploma served. 18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where a comma should be in the sentence. Both to the right and to the left, and (1) it seems (2) lightning flashed just above the house. On this sunny day, everything around (3) seemed (4) joyful. 19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where a comma should be in the sentence. Before dawn, far away (1) and above the sleeping forest, a transparent night silence floats (2) and (3) when you get used to it (4), every rustle and whisper clearly begins to be heard. Read the text and do the tasks (1) Shrub and undergrowth. (2) Eerie evening silence. (H) Silent thickets. (4) A sick flock of magpies rose in one, another place. (5) According to this feast, magpies and ravens found dead elks and birds in the forest. (6) What happened? (7) Recently, an airplane flew over these places and sprayed the forest with a chemical liquid. (8) It was planned to expand the area of meadows. (9) They calculated that uprooting a living forest is more expensive than poisoning it from an airplane, and then uprooting it. (10) The matter is not new, it is attractively cheap and therefore considered progressive and profitable. (11) Undoubtedly, there are significant advantages in this matter. (12) But there are also very big disadvantages. (13) They are not always noticed. (14) But twenty-seven elk died here, black grouse, small birds that saved the surrounding fields and forest from pests were killed. (15) Insects are dying, many of which are our friends. (16) What accountant will now undertake to calculate the benefits of the operation ?! (17) And that's not all. (18) Thousands of people in a big city go to the forest. (19) The singing of birds, every manifestation of life, make up the joy of these walks. (20) A meeting with a large beast is sometimes remembered for a lifetime. (21) Estimate how many people will not meet twenty-seven moose. (22) What kind of accounting measures this loss? (23) Well, there was no person who could foresee trouble? (24) Quite the opposite. (25) 3 bombarded the relevant institutions with letters. (26) And there is your own judgment. “(27) We have a plan. (28) And why did they make a fuss? (29) The substance is quite safe. (30) Nothing will happen to your beast. (31) Responsible officials are now looking with holy eyes at those who sounded the alarm: - We? (33) Moose died from something else. (34) We have instructions. (35) Here, read: “This substance is toxic to humans and animals. (Zb) If you are not careful, there may be poisoning, and the quality of milk in cows also decreases ”(37) You see, the quality of milk (38) Not a word about moose (39) - But you could guess about it. (40) We warned according to the instructions. That's the whole conversation. In a matter where nature and chemistry converge, we should be guided by Caution, Wisdom, Love for our mother earth, the living thing that adorns life and pleases a person. (44) We should not forget in any business about the most important thing about human health, we should not neglect the happiness of hearing birdsong, seeing flowers by the road, a butterfly on the windowsill and an animal in the forest (According to V. Peskov *) * Vasily Mikhailovich Peskov (b. . in 1930) is a modern essay writer, journalist, and traveler. 20. Which sentence formulates the conclusion that the author of the text comes to? Specify the answer number

13 Which of the following statements is false? Specify the response number. 1. Sentences 1-3 contain a description. 2. Sentence 7 contains the answer to the question formulated in the sentence. In the sentences, reasoning is presented. 4. Sentences present a narrative. 22. In which of the sentences of the text is a phraseological unit used? Write it down Among sentences 7-15, find one that is related to the previous one using a personal pronoun. Write the number of this offer. Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while completing tasks A28-A30, B1-B7. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number. Write the sequence of numbers in the answer sheet Ns 1 to the right of the task number B8, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number in a separate cell in accordance with the samples given in the form. 24. “The well-known journalist V. Peskov talks about how elks and birds were poisoned. The trope (A) (“creepy silence”) and the syntactic means (B) (sentences 16, 22) help to express the author's attitude towards the death of animals, in which people are to blame. At the same time, the journalist notes that there are those who are not indifferent to the state of forests, who seek to protect nature. The author also uses a lexical device (C) (in sentences 11-12) and such a device as (D) (sentences 23-25). List of terms: 1. litote 2. epithet 3. lexical repetition 4. phraseologism 5. antonyms 6. homogeneous members of a sentence 7. dialectisms 8. rhetorical question 9. question-answer form of presentation PART Write an essay on the read text. Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting). Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write if you agree or disagree with

14 point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account). The volume of the essay is not less than 150 words. A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated by zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

15 Assignments Answer therefore accepted 5 callers 6 apple trees traditional 9 carelessness to disappear 10 honored 11 sent out 12 extraordinary 13 right now with holy eyes

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Dolphins are one of the most mysterious animals on our planet. The intelligence of these marine inhabitants is considered so high that they are called "people of the sea." Scientists say that dolphins are smarter and smarter than all other animals.

Dolphins live in the water, but they are not fish, but mammals from the order of cetaceans. That is, they need air - they breathe with lungs, not gills. People can always see dolphin faces on the surface of the sea because dolphins can stay underwater for about 3-5 minutes on average (although there have been cases where dolphins have been underwater for 10 to 15 minutes). Dolphins feed their young with milk.

Dolphins are found in many seas and oceans of the world, including the Black Sea.
Dolphins live up to 75 years, usually about 50, in captivity usually about 30. With the help of its 88 teeth, the Black Sea dolphin eats about 30 kg of fish per day, the mass of dolphins is up to 500 kg. The body temperature of a dolphin is the same as that of a human, 36.6 degrees. The gestation period for dolphins is about 12 months. The female dolphin usually brings one cub 50-60 cm long and carefully guards it for some time.

At the mention of a dolphin, a person is more likely to imagine a species of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Bottlenose dolphins owe their popularity in part to numerous references in cinema and fiction and high learning ability.

The skin of dolphins is a miracle of nature, they are able to extinguish water turbulences near the surface of a rapidly swimming body, which reduce the speed of movement - submarine designers learned from dolphins, creating artificial skins for submarines. And the feeling of the dolphin's skin to the touch is quite unusual, and also brings joy: it looks like it is dense, like made of plastic, and when you run it with your palm it is tender and soft, it seems like thin silk.

When dolphins began to be studied and trained in the middle of the last century, the first results of this work seemed so unusual, and even surprising (they talked about it a lot, wrote about it and made films), that a legend gradually emerged about the unusually high intelligence of dolphins; one could often hear that they are no more stupid than a person, only their mind is different.

The brain of an adult dolphin weighs about 1700 grams, while that of a human weighs 1400. The dolphin has twice as many convolutions in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, there are relatively few neurons in a cubic millimeter of its substance (less than in the brain of primates).

The results of research on the behavior and physiology of the dolphin brain are highly controversial. Some put their learning ability at about the level of a dog and show that dolphins are very far from chimpanzees. The study of dolphin communication methods, on the contrary, leads to the conclusion that we have not yet come close to understanding this form of life in natural conditions and it is simply incorrect to compare the level of intelligence of dolphins and chimpanzees. One property of the dolphin brain is quite unique: it never truly sleeps. Sleep - alternately - then the left, then the right hemispheres of the brain. The dolphin needs, from time to time, to float to the surface to breathe. At night, the awake halves of the brain are responsible for this, in turn.

Dolphin language can be divided into 2 groups: Sign language (body language) - various postures, jumps, turns, various ways swimming, signs given by the tail, head, fins.

The language of sounds (language itself) is a sound signaling expressed in the form of sound impulses and ultrasound. Examples of such sounds can be: chirping, buzzing, screeching, grinding, clicking, smacking, creaking, clapping, squeaking, roaring, screaming, screaming, croaking, whistling.

The most expressive are whistles, of which dolphins have 32 species. Each of them can denote a specific phrase (pain signals, alarms, greetings and a call to me, etc.). Scientists studied the whistle of dolphins using the Zipf method, and obtained the same slope coefficient as that of human languages, that is, they carry information. AT recent times about 180 communication signs have been found in dolphins, which they are trying to systematize, compiling a dictionary of communication of these mammals. However, despite numerous studies, it has not yet been possible to fully decipher the language of dolphins.

Each dolphin has its own name, to which it responds when relatives address it. This conclusion was reached by American scientists, the results of which were published in the Bulletin of the US National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Moreover, experts who conducted their experiments in the US state of Florida found that the name is given to the dolphin at birth and is a characteristic whistle.

Scientists caught 14 light gray bottlenose dolphins in the wild with nets and recorded various sounds made by these mammals in the process of their communication with each other. Then, with the help of a computer, “names” were isolated from the records. When a name was "played out" for a pack, a specific individual responded to it. The "name" of a dolphin is a characteristic whistle, the average duration of which is 0.9 seconds.

Everyone has heard that sometimes dolphins and other whales wash ashore. Sometimes this happens due to illness, poisoning or injury. There is another hypothesis that explains the reason for such strange behavior of dolphins: it turns out that with a certain shape of the coast, composed of certain types of precipitation, among the cacophony of sounds generated by the surf, sometimes there is a sound that exactly corresponds to the dolphin's cry for help. Animals, having heard these sounds, instinctively rush to help - and end up on the shore.

Dolphins eat fish. A lot of fish: each member of the flock, per day, must eat 10-30 kilograms. Dolphins are warm-blooded, they need to maintain a high body temperature sometimes in very cold water. The subcutaneous layer of fat also helps with this - it acts as a heat insulator and energy source for the intracellular stove: burning fats and carbohydrates with the release of thermal energy. Fuel reserves must be replenished all the time, so they are constantly hunting. They catch up with a flock of fish - no one in the sea swims faster than them, and surround it. If this happens very close to the shore, the dolphins form a half ring and press the fish to the beach; squeezing their hunting formation, they push the fish to the very shallow water and eat it there - while they swim into the very waves of the surf, so shallow that their dorsal fins stick out of the water, and their pectoral fins touch the sand at the bottom.

Having surrounded the school of fish further into the sea, the dolphins do not rush, each separately for prey, but in an organized manner keep the flock in the ring, preventing the fish from dispersing, and plunge into the school one by one. Having caught the prey, they return to their place in the paddock.

Where there are fish, there are dolphins. Near the Black Sea coast, fish are most abundant in spring and autumn - when shoals of mullet, anchovy go for summer feeding in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, or return to wintering in the Black Sea - along the coast of the Caucasus. Therefore, dolphins most often appear here in April-May and in September-October. And in the Kerch Strait itself - the gates of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov - hundreds of dolphins stand as an outpost, meeting migrating fish herds.

In summer, it is also not uncommon for bottlenose dolphins to come right up to the beach - more often they can be seen early in the morning or in the afternoon - perhaps because there are fewer swimmers at this time.

Dolphins live in packs in which everyone is relatives, which is why their mutual assistance is so well developed. They always help a weakened dolphin to stay near the surface so that it does not choke; there are stories about how dolphins came to the aid of drowning people. They never act hostile. Dolphins learn tricks very quickly - they only need one correct exercise on a signal, for which they will be rewarded with a fish, so that the skill is fixed in memory. True, they also easily forget their skills if the coach forgets to reinforce a good habit.

Dolphins live for about 30 years. Baby dolphins are born about once every two years. At this time, the dolphin is trying to jump high so that the cub can take its first breath. Dolphins are very touching parents who take care of their cubs for about five years. And even reaching puberty, the cub still remains strongly attached to the mother, and tries to follow her everywhere.

For a long time, scientists were baffled by the question of how dolphins sleep. Indeed, in the sea you can easily drown or become a victim of an attack by other predators. However, now it turned out that the sleep of dolphins is not like the sleep of ordinary animals - during sleep, one hemisphere of the dolphin is resting, and the second is awake. Thus, the dolphin is always in control of the situation and, at the same time, gets a good rest.

Definitely, something makes us treat dolphins differently than other animals - "human friends" ... Friendly, funny, cute ... They are really friendly and curious: they are not afraid to swim up and play with a person, although more often - or not pay attention to people, or simply float away - they have their own worries in the sea. Maybe it's the dolphin's smile? After all, they always smile - that’s how, for some reason, their face is arranged (I don’t even want to call it a muzzle!). And this smile with big eyes - one of those smiles that make us smile involuntarily in response - not all people know how to smile like that.

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