A Japanese name (jimmei?) These days usually consists of a generic first name (surname) followed by a personal name. This is a very common practice in East and Southeast Asia, including the Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai and some other cultures.
Names are usually written using kanji, which can have many different pronunciations on different occasions.
Modern Japanese names can be compared to names in many other cultures. All Japanese have a single surname and a single name without a patronymic, with the exception of the Japanese imperial family, whose members have no surname.
In Japan, the surname comes first, and then the name. At the same time, in Western languages \u200b\u200b(often in Russian), Japanese names are written in the reverse order first name - last name - according to European tradition.
Names in Japan are often created independently from existing characters, so the country has a huge number of unique names. Surnames are more traditional and most often go back to toponyms. Names in japanese much more than surnames. Male and female names differ due to their characteristic components and structure. Reading Japanese proper names is one of the most difficult elements of the Japanese language.
Ai - F - Love
Aiko - F - Favorite child
Akako - F - Red
Akane - F - Sparkling red
Akemi - F - Dazzlingly beautiful
Akeno - M - Clear morning
Aki - F - Born in the fall
Akiko - F - Autumn child
Akina - F - Spring flower
Akio - M - Handsome
Akira - M - Smart, quick-witted
Akiyama - M - Autumn, mountain
Amaya - F - Night rain
Ami - F - Friend
Amida - M - Name of Buddha
Anda - F - Met in the field
Aneko - F - Older sister
Anzu - F - Apricot
Arata - M - Inexperienced
Arisu - F - Jap. Alice name form
Asuka - F - Scent of tomorrow
Ayame - F - Iris
Azarni - F - Thistle flower
Benjiro - M - Enjoying the world
Botan - M - Peony
Chika - F - Wisdom
Chikako - F - Child of Wisdom
Chinatsu - F - Thousand years
Chiyo - F - Eternity
Chizu - F - Thousand storks (implies longevity)
Cho - F - Butterfly
Dai - M / F - Great / ay
Daichi - M - Great first son
Daiki - M - Great tree
Daisuke - M - Great help
Etsu - F - Delightful, charming
Etsuko - F - Delightful baby
Fudo - M - God of fire and wisdom
Fujita - M / F - Field, meadow
Gin - F - Silver
Goro - M - Fifth son
Hana - F - Flower
Hanako - F - Flower child
Haru - M - Born in spring
Haruka - F - Distant
Haruko - F - Spring
Hachiro - M - Eighth son
Hideaki - M - Brilliant, excellent
Hikaru - M / F - Light, shining
Hide - F - Fertile
Hiroko - F - Generous
Hiroshi - M - Generous
Hitomi - F - doubly beautiful
Hoshi - F - Star
Hotaka - M - Name of the mountain in Japan
Hotaru - F - Firefly
Ichiro - M - First son
Ima - F - Gift
Isami - M - Bravery
Ishi - F - Stone
Izanami - F - Attracts to itself
Izumi - F - Fountain
Jiro - M - Second son
Joben - M - Loving purity
Jomei - M - Light Carrier
Junko - F - Pure child
Juro - M - Tenth son
Kado - M - Gate
Kaede - F - Maple leaf
Kagami - F - Mirror
Kameko - F - Turtle child (symbol of longevity)
Kanaye - M - Diligent
Kano - M - God of water
Kasumi - F - Fog
Katashi - M - Hardness
Katsu - M - Victory
Katsuo - M - Victorious child
Katsuro - M - Victorious Son
Kazuki - M - Joyful world
Kazuko - F - Cheerful child
Kazuo - M - Sweet son
Kei - F - Respectful
Keiko - F - Adored
Keitaro - M - Blessed
Ken - M - Big guy
Ken`ichi - M - Strong first son
Kenji - M - Strong second son
Kenshin - M - Sword Heart
Kenta - M - Healthy and brave
Kichi - F - Lucky
Kichiro - M - Lucky Son
Kiku - F - Chrysanthemum
Kimiko - F - Child of noble blood
Kin - M - Gold
Kioko - F - Happy child
Kisho - M - Having a head on his shoulders
Kita - F - North
Kiyoko - F - Cleanliness
Kiyoshi - M - Quiet
Kohaku - M / F - Amber
Kohana - F - Small flower
Koko - F - Stork
Koto - F - Yap. musical instrument "koto"
Kotone - F - The sound of koto
Kumiko - F - Forever beautiful
Kuri - F - Chestnut
Kuro - M - Ninth son
Kyo - M - Consent (or redhead)
Kyoko - F - Mirror
Leiko - F - Arrogant
Machi - F - Ten thousand years
Machiko - F - Lucky child
Maeko - F - Honest child
Maemi - F - Sincere smile
Mai - F - Bright
Makoto - M - Sincere
Mamiko - F - Mami Baby
Mamoru - M - Earth
Manami - F - Beauty of love
Mariko - F - Child of truth
Marise - M / F - Infinite
Masa - M / F - Straightforward (human)
Masakazu - M - First son of Masa
Mashiro - M - Wide
Matsu - F - Pine
Mayako - F - Maya Baby
Mayoko - F - Mayo Baby
Mayuko - F - Mayu Baby
Michi - F - Fair
Michie - F - Gracefully hanging flower
Michiko - F - Beautiful and wise
Michio - M - Man with the strength of three thousand
Midori - F - Green
Mihoko - F - Child Miho
Mika - F - New moon
Miki - M / F - Stebelek
Mikio - M - Three woven trees
Mina - F - South
Minako - F - Beautiful child
Mine - F - Brave defender
Minoru - M - Seed
Misaki - F - Blossom of beauty
Mitsuko - F - Child of light
Miya - F - Three arrows
Miyako - F - Beautiful child of March
Mizuki - F - Beautiful moon
Momoko - F - Peach Child
Montaro - M - Big guy
Moriko - F - Child of the forest
Morio - M - Forest boy
Mura - F - Village
Mutsuko - F - Mutsu Child
Japanese names and their meanings
Nahoko - F - Naho Child
Nami - F - Wave
Namiko - F - Child of the waves
Nana - F - Apple
Naoko - F - Obedient child
Naomi - F - "Beauty first"
Nara - F - Oak
Nariko - F - Sissy
Natsuko - F - Summer child
Natsumi - F - Beautiful summer
Nayoko - F - Baby Nayo
Nibori - M - Famous
Nikki - M / F - Two trees
Nikko - M - Daylight
Nori - F - Law
Noriko - F - Child of the Law
Nozomi - F - Hope
Nyoko - F - Gem
Oki - F - Mid Ocean
Orino - F - Peasant meadow
Osamu - M - Hardness of the law
Rafu - M - Network
Rai - F - Truth
Raidon - M - God of Thunder
Ran - F - Water lily
Rei - F - Gratitude
Reiko - F - Gratitude
Ren - F - Water lily
Renjiro - M - Honest
Renzo - M - Third son
Riko - F - Jasmine Child
Rin - F - Unfriendly
Rinji - M - Peaceful forest
Rini - F - Little bunny
Risako - F - Child Risa
Ritsuko - F - Ritsu Child
Roka - M - White wave crest
Rokuro - M - Sixth son
Ronin - M - Samurai without master
Rumiko - F - Child Rumi
Ruri - F - Emerald
Ryo - M - Excellent
Ryoichi - M - Ryo's first son
Ryoko - F - Ryo Baby
Ryota - M - Strong (obese)
Ryozo - M - Ryo's third son
Ryuichi - M - Ryu's first son
Ryuu - M - Dragon
Saburo - M - Third son
Sachi - F - Happiness
Sachiko - F - Child of happiness
Sachio - M - Luckily born
Saeko - F - Sae Child
Saki - F - Cape (geographer)
Sakiko - F - Saki Baby
Sakuko - F - Saku Baby
Sakura - F - Cherry flowers
Sanako - F - Sana Child
Sango - F - Coral
Saniiro - M - Wonderful
Satu - F - Sugar
Sayuri - F - Little lily
Seiichi - M - Sei's first son
Sen - M - Spirit of the tree
Shichiro - M - Seventh son
Shika - F - Deer
Shima - M - Islander
Shina - F - Decent
Shinichi - M - First son of Shin
Shiro - M - Fourth son
Shizuka - F - Silent
Sho - M - Prosperity
Sora - F - Sky
Sorano - F - Heavenly
Suki - F - Favorite
Suma - F - Asking
Sumi - F - Purified (religious)
Susumi - M - Moving forward (successful)
Suzu - F - Bell (bell)
Suzume - F - Sparrow
Tadao - M - Helpful
Taka - F - Noble
Takako - F - Tall child
Takara - F - Treasure
Takashi - M - Famous
Takehiko - M - Bamboo Prince
Takeo - M - Similar to bamboo
Takeshi - M - Bamboo tree or brave
Takumi - M - Craftsman
Tama - M / F - Gem
Tamiko - F - Child of abundance
Tani - F - From the valley (child)
Taro - M - Firstborn
Taura - F - Many lakes; many rivers
Teijo - M - Fair
Tomeo - M - Cautious person
Tomiko - F - Child of wealth
Tora - F - Tigress
Torio - M - Bird's tail
Toru - M - Sea
Toshi - F - Mirror reflection
Toshiro - M - Talented
Toya - M / F - House door
Tsukiko - F - Child of the Moon
Tsuyu - F - Morning dew
Udo - M - Ginseng
Ume - F - Plum blossom
Umeko - F - Child of plum flowers
Usagi - F - Rabbit
Uyeda - M - From the rice field (child)
Yachi - F - Eight thousand
Yasu - F - Calm
Yasuo - M - Peaceful
Yayoi - F - March
Yogi - M - Practicing yoga
Yoko - F - Child of the sun
Yori - F - Trustworthy
Yoshi - F - Perfection
Yoshiko - F - Perfect child
Yoshiro - M - Perfect son
Yuki - M - Snow
Yukiko - F - Child of the Snow
Yukio - M - Cherished by God
Yuko - F - Kind child
Yumako - F - Child Yuma
Yumi - F - Similar to a bow (weapon)
Yumiko - F - Arrow Child
Yuri - F - Lily
Yuriko - F - Child of the lily
Yuu - M - Noble blood
Yuudai - M - Great Hero
Nagisa - "coast"
Kaworu - "to smell sweet"
Ritsuko - "science", "attitude"
Akagi - "mahogany"
Shinji - "death"
Misato - "beautiful city"
Katsuragi - "fortress with walls entwined with grass"
Asuka - letters. "Love-love"
Soryu - "central flow"
Ayanami - "strip of fabric", "wave pattern"
Rei - "zero", "example", "soul"
The Kenshin name means "Heart of the Sword".
Japanese names and their meanings
Akito - Shining Man
Kuramori Reika - "Treasure Defender" and "Cold Summer" Rurouni - Wandering Wanderer
Himura - "The Burning Village"
Shishio Makoto - True Hero
Takani Megumi - "Sublime Love"
Shinomori Aoshi - "Green Bamboo Forest"
Makimachi Misao - "Run the City"
Saito Hajime - "The Beginning of Human Life"
Hiko Seijuro - "Prevailing Justice"
Seta Sojiro - "Comprehensive Forgiveness"
Mirai - the future
Hajime - Chief
Mamoru - protector
Jibo - earth
Hikari - light
Atarashiki - transformations
Namida - tears
Sora - sky
Jinga - the universe
Eve - alive
Izya is a doctor
Usagi - the hare
Tsukino - Moonlight
Rey - soul
Hino - fire
Ami - rain
Mitsuno - water
Corey - ice, icy
Makoto is true
Cinema - aerial, forest
Minako - Venus
Aino - loving
Setsuna - Guard
Mayo - castle, palace
Haruka - 1) distance, 2) heavenly
Teno - heavenly
Michiru - the way
Cayo - marine
Hotaru - light
Tomo is a friend.
Kaori - soft, affectionate
Yumi - "Fragrant Beauty"
Hakufu-Noble Mark
Japanese nominal suffixes and personal pronouns
Nominal suffixes
In Japanese, there is a whole set of so-called nominal suffixes, that is, suffixes added in colloquial speech to names, surnames, nicknames and other words denoting an interlocutor or a third person. They are used to refer to the social relationship between the speaker and the person being spoken about. The choice of the suffix is \u200b\u200bdetermined by the speaker's character (normal, rude, very polite), his attitude towards the listener (usual politeness, respect, ingratiating himself, rudeness, arrogance), their position in society and the situation in which the conversation takes place (one-on-one, in the circle of loved ones friends, between colleagues, between strangers, in public). The following is a list of some of these suffixes (in ascending order of "respect") and their usual meanings.
Tian (chan) - A close analogue of the "diminutive" suffixes of the Russian language. Usually used in relation to the younger or the lowest in the social sense, with whom a close relationship develops. There is an element of "lisping" in the use of this suffix. Usually used when addressing adults to children, guys to their beloved girls, girlfriends to each other, young children to each other. The use of this suffix in relation to not very close people, equal to the speaker in position, is impolite. For example, if a guy is addressing a peer with whom he is not “having an affair” in this way, then he is showing incorrectness. A girl who addresses her fellow-age boy with whom she is not “having an affair” is, in essence, rude.
Kun (kun) - Analogue of the appeal "comrade". Most often used between men or in relation to guys. Indicates, rather, a certain "formality", nevertheless, close relationship. Say, between classmates, partners or friends. It can also be used in relation to the younger or the lower in the social sense, when this circumstance does not need to be focused on.
Yan (yan) - Kansai analogue of "-tyan" and "-kun".
Pyon - Children's version of "-kun".
Tti (cchi) - Children's version of "-chan" (cf. "Tamagotti").
No suffix - Close relationship, but no "lisp". The usual appeal of adults to teenage children, friends to each other, etc. If a person does not use suffixes at all, then this is a clear indicator of rudeness. Addressing by surname without a suffix is \u200b\u200ba sign of familiar but “detached” relationships (a typical example is the relationship of schoolchildren or students).
San (san) - An analogue of the Russian "lord / mistress". General indication of respect. Often used to communicate with strangers, or when all other suffixes do not fit. Used in relation to elders, including older relatives (brothers, sisters, parents).
Han (han) - Kansai analogue of "-san".
Si (shi) - "Lord", used exclusively in official documents after the surname.
Fujin - "Mistress", is used exclusively in official documents after the surname.
Kohai (kouhai) - Appeal to the younger. Especially often - at school in relation to those who are younger than the speaker.
Senpai - Appeal to the elder. Especially often - at school in relation to those who are older than the speaker.
Dono (dono) - A rare suffix. Respectful appeal to an equal or higher, but slightly different in position. It is now considered outdated and hardly ever encountered in communication. In ancient times, it was actively used when samurai addressed each other.
Sensei (sensei) - "Teacher". It is used in relation to teachers and teachers themselves, as well as to doctors and politicians.
Senseu (senshu) - "Sportsman". Used in relation to famous athletes.
Zeki - "Sumo wrestler". Used in relation to famous sumo wrestlers.
Ue (ue) - "Senior". A rare and outdated respectful suffix for older family members. Not used with names - only with the designation of position in the family ("father", "mother", "brother").
Sama - The highest degree of respect. An appeal to gods and spirits, to spiritual authorities, a girl to her beloved, servants to noble masters, etc. In Russian it roughly translates as "respected, dear, venerable."
Jin (jin) - "One of". "Saya-jin" - "one of Saya".
Tati (tachi) - "And friends." "Goku-tachi" - "Goku and his friends."
Gumi (gumi) - "Team, group, party". "Kenshin-gumi" - "Team Kenshin".
Personal pronouns
In addition to nominal suffixes, Japan also uses many different ways of referring to each other and naming oneself with personal pronouns. The choice of pronoun is determined by the social laws already mentioned above. The following is a list of some of these pronouns.
Group with the meaning "I"
Watashi - A polite option. Recommended for use by foreigners. Usually used by men. It is not often used in colloquial speech, as it carries a connotation of "high style".
Atashi - A polite option. Recommended for use by foreigners. Usually used by women. Or gay. ^ _ ^ Not used when communicating with dignitaries.
Watakushi - Very polite female version.
Washi - An outdated polite option. Does not depend on gender.
Wai - Kansai analogue of "washi".
Boku - Familiar youth male version. It is rarely used by women, in this case "unfemininity" is emphasized. Used in poetry.
Ore - Not a very polite option. Purely masculine. Like, cool. ^ _ ^
Ore-sama - "Great Self". Rare form, extreme boasting.
Daikou / Naikou - Analogue of "ore-sama", but somewhat less boastful.
Sessha - Very polite form. Usually used by samurai when addressing their masters.
Hishou - "Insignificant". A very polite form, nowadays practically not used.
Gusei - An analogue of "hisho", but somewhat less derogatory.
Oira - Polite form. Usually used by monks.
Chin - A special form that only the emperor has the right to use.
Ware - Polite (formal) form, translated as [I / you / he] "myself". It is used when it is necessary to especially express the importance of "I". Say, in spells ("I conjure"). In modern Japanese, the meaning of "I" is rarely used. It is often used to form a returnable form, for example, “forgetting about oneself” - “vare in vasurete”.
[Speaker's name or position] - Used by or when communicating with children, usually in a family. Let's say a girl named Atsuko might say "Atsuko is thirsty." Or her older brother, addressing her, may say, "Brother will bring you juice." There is an element of "lisping" in this, but such an appeal is quite acceptable.
Group with the value "We"
Watashi-tachi - Polite option.
Ware-ware - Very polite, formal option.
Bokura - Rude option.
Touhou - Normal option.
Group with the meaning "You / You":
Anata - Generally polite. Also the wife's usual address to her husband ("dear").
Anta - Less polite option. Usually used by young people. A slight shade of disrespect.
Otaku - Literally translated as "your home." Very polite and rare form. Due to the mock use of Japanese informals in relation to each other, the second meaning was fixed - "feng, psycho".
Kimi - A polite option, often between friends. Used in poetry.
Kijou - "Mistress". A very polite form of addressing a lady.
Onushi - "Insignificant." An outdated form of polite speech.
Omae (Omae) - Familiar (when addressing an enemy - offensive) option. Usually used by men in relation to the socially younger (father to daughter, say).
Temae / Temee - Offensive male version. Usually in relation to the enemy. Something like "bastard" or "bastard".
Onore - Offensive option.
Kisama - A very offensive option. Translated with dots. ^ _ ^ Oddly enough, it literally translates as "noble master."
Japanese names
Modern Japanese names are made up of two parts - the surname, which comes first, and the name, which comes second. True, the Japanese often write their names in "European order" (first and last name) if they write them in romaji. For convenience, the Japanese sometimes write their surname in CAPITAL letters so that it is not confused with the name (due to the above inconsistency).
An exception is the emperor and his family members. They have no surname. Girls who marry princes also lose their surnames.
Ancient names and surnames
Before the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, only aristocrats (kuge) and samurai (bushi) had surnames. The rest of the population of Japan was content with personal names and nicknames.
Women of aristocratic and samurai families also usually did not have surnames, since they did not have the right to inherit. In those cases when women did have surnames, they did not change them upon marriage.
The surnames were divided into two groups - the surnames of the aristocrats and the surnames of the samurai.
Unlike the number of samurai surnames, the number of aristocratic surnames has practically not increased since ancient times. Many of them date back to the priestly past of the Japanese aristocracy.
The most respected and respected clans of aristocrats were: Konoe, Takashi, Kujo, Ichijou and Gojo. They all belonged to the Fujiwara clan and had a common name - "Gosetsuke". From among the men of this kind, regents (sessho) and chancellors (kampaku) of Japan were appointed, and from among women, wives for the emperors were chosen.
The clans of Hirohata, Daigo, Kuga, Oimikado, Sayonji, Sanjo, Imidegawa, Tokudaiji and Kaoin were the next most prominent. Among them, the highest state dignitaries were appointed.
For example, representatives of the Sayonji clan served as imperial stables (meryo no gogen). Next came all the other aristocratic clans.
The hierarchy of nobility of aristocratic families began to take shape in the 6th century and lasted until the end of the 11th century, when the power in the country passed to the samurai. Among them, the clans Genji (Minamoto), Heike (Taira), Hojo, Ashikaga, Tokugawa, Matsudaira, Hosokawa, Shimazu, Oda enjoyed special respect. A number of their representatives in different time were the shoguns (military rulers) of Japan.
The personal names of aristocrats and high-ranking samurai were formed from two kanji (hieroglyphs) of the "noble" meaning.
The personal names of samurai servants and peasants were often given according to the principle of "numbering". The first son is Ichiro, the second is Jiro, the third is Saburo, the fourth is Shiro, the fifth is Goro, etc. Also, in addition to "-ro", the suffixes "-emon", "-dzi", "-dzo", "-suke", "-be" were used for this purpose.
Upon the entry of a samurai into his youth, he chose a different name for himself than what he was given at birth. Sometimes samurai changed their names throughout adulthood, for example, to emphasize the onset of her new period (promotion or move to another place of service). The lord had the right to rename his vassal. In the case of a serious illness, the name was sometimes changed to the name of Buddha Amida in order to invoke his mercy.
According to the rules of samurai fights, before the fight, the samurai had to name his full nameso that the opponent can decide whether he is worthy of such an opponent. Of course, in life this rule was observed much less often than in novels and chronicles.
At the end of the names of girls from noble families, the suffix "-hime" was added. It is often translated as "princess", but in fact it was used in relation to all noble young ladies.
The suffix "-gozen" was used for the names of samurai wives. Often they were called simply by the name and title of their husband. The personal names of married women were practically used only by their close relatives.
For the names of monks and nuns from the noble classes, the suffix "-in" was used.
Modern names and surnames
During the Meiji Restoration, all Japanese were given surnames. Naturally, most of them were associated with various signs of peasant life, especially with rice and its processing. These surnames, like those of the upper class, were also usually composed of two kanji.
Most common now japanese surnames - Suzuki, Tanaka, Yamamoto, Watanabe, Saito, Sato, Sasaki, Kudo, Takahashi, Kobayashi, Kato, Ito, Murakami, Oonishi, Yamaguchi, Nakamura, Kuroki, Higa.
Male names have changed less. They all also often depend on the "serial number" of the son in the family. The suffixes "-ichi" and "-kazu", meaning "first son," are often used, as well as the suffixes "-ji" ("second son") and "-dzo" ("third son").
Names containing "shin" are generally considered unfortunate and unlucky because shin is Japanese for "death."
Most Japanese female names end in “-ko” (“child”) or “-mi” (“beauty”). Girls, as a rule, are given names related by meaning to everything beautiful, pleasant and feminine. Unlike male names, female names are usually not written in kanji, but in hiragana.
Some modern girls do not like the ending "-ko" in their names and prefer to omit it. For example, a girl named "Yuriko" might call herself "Yuri".
According to the law passed during the time of Emperor Meiji, after marriage, the husband and wife are legally required to adopt the same surname. In 98% of cases, this is the name of the husband. For several years now, an amendment to the Civil Codeallowing spouses to keep premarital surnames. However, so far she cannot get the required number of votes.
after death, the Japanese receives a new, posthumous name (kaimyo), which is written on a special wooden tablet (ihai). This tablet is considered the embodiment of the spirit of the deceased and is used in memorial rites. Kaimyo and ihai are bought from Buddhist monks - sometimes even before a person's death.
The surname in Japanese is called "myoji" (or), "uji" () or "sei" ().
For a long time, the vocabulary of the Japanese language has been divided into two types: wago - originally Japanese words and kango - borrowed from China. Names are also divided into these types, although now a new type is actively expanding - gairaigo - words borrowed from other languages, but components of this type are rarely used in names.
Modern Japanese names fall into the following groups:
* kunny (consisting of wagos)
* onny (consisting of kango)
* mixed
The ratio of kun and onny surnames is about 80% to 20%.
The most common surnames in Japan are:
1. Sato
2. Suzuki
3. Takahashi
4. Tanaka
5. Watanabe
6. Ito
7. Yamamoto
8. Nakamura
9. Ohayashi
10. Kobayashi (different surnames, however, are spelled the same and have approximately the same distribution)
11. Kato
Many surnames, although they are read according to the on-line (Chinese) reading, go back to ancient Japanese words and are written phonetically, and not by meaning.
Examples of such surnames: Kubo - from Jap. kubo - fossa; Sasaki - from the ancient Japanese sasa - small; Abe - from the ancient word ape - to combine, mix. Considering such surnames, the number of native Japanese surnames reaches 90%.
For example, the hieroglyph ("tree") is read in kunu as ki, but in names it can also be read as ko; The hieroglyph ("up") can be read from kun both ue and kami. There are two different surnames of Uemura and Kamimura, which are spelled the same. In addition, there are drops and fusion of sounds at the junction of the components, for example, in the Atsumi surname, the components are separately read as atsui and umi; and the surname (kana + nari) is often read simply as Kanari.
With a combination of hieroglyphs, the alternation of the end of the first component A / E and O / A is typical - for example, kane - Kanagawa, shiro - Shiraoka. In addition, the initial syllables of the second component often become voiced, for example, Yamada (yama + ta), Miyazaki (miya + saki). Also, surnames often contain the remainder of the case indicator no or ha (in ancient times it was customary to put them between the first name and the surname). Usually this indicator is not written, but read - for example, Ichinomiya (iti + miya); Enomoto (e + moto). But sometimes the case indicator is displayed in writing in hiragana, katakana or a hieroglyph - for example, Inoue (u + no + ue); Kinoshita (ki + katakana no + sita).
The overwhelming majority of surnames in Japanese consist of two hieroglyphs, less often there are surnames of one or three characters, and four-digit or more surnames are quite rare.
One-component surnames are mostly of Japanese origin and are derived from nouns or the middle forms of verbs. For example, Watari - from watari (Japanese crossing), Hata - the word khata means "plantation, vegetable garden." Significantly less common surnames consisting of one hieroglyph. For example, Cho (Jap. Cho) - means "trillion", Ying (Jap.) - "reason".
Japanese surnames consisting of two components are the majority, numbers are called 60-70%. Most of them are surnames from Japanese roots - it is believed that such surnames are the easiest to read, since most of them are read according to the usual Kun language used in the language. Examples - Matsumoto - consists of the nouns used in the language matsu "pine" and moto "root"; Kiyomizu - consists of the stem of the adjective kiyoi - "pure" and the noun mizu - "water". Chinese two-component surnames are less numerous and usually have one single reading. Often Chinese surnames contain numbers from one to six (excluding four, since this number is read in the same way as the "death" of si and they try not to use it). Examples: Ichijou, Saito. There are also mixed surnames, where one component is read by one, and the other by kun. Examples: Honda, hon - "base" (onnoe reading) + ta - "rice field" (kunnye reading); Betsumiya, betsu - "special, different" (onnoe reading) + miya - "temple" (kunnye reading). Also, a very small part of the surnames can be read, both by them and by kuns: Bandzai and Sakanishi, Kunai and Miyauchi.
In three-component surnames, Japanese roots are often found phonetically written by them. Examples: "Kubota (probably the word kubo" hole "is written phonetically), Akutsu (the word aku" open "is probably written phonetically). with Chinese reading.
Four or more component surnames are very rare.
There are surnames with very unusual readings that look like puzzles. Examples: Wakairo - written in hieroglyphs "eighteen-year-old girl", but read as "young + color"; The surname denoted by the hieroglyph "one" reads like Ninomae, which can be translated as no mae "before two"; and the surname Hodzue, which can be interpreted as “gathering ears”, is sometimes written as “the first day of the eighth lunar month” - apparently on this day in ancient times the harvest began.
The Japanese noun form consists of a family name and a personal name. Moreover, meaning of a Japanese surnameprevails over the meaning of the name - the surname is written and pronounced first. Nowadays, the Japanese often write their names in Latin or Cyrillic in the usual order for Europeans - first the first name, then the last name. And to avoid confusion, write the name in capital letters. In russian language declension of Japanese surnames often raises questions. More recently, there have been conflicting opinions of linguists on this issue. However, now all reference books indicate that Japanese surnames with the ending "a" change in cases, and the non-declining option, for example, "visiting Kurosawa", is considered a gross violation of the norm. Surnames ending in the rest of the vowels are not declined.
The meaning of Japanese surnames
The meaning of Japanese surnames, their appearance and distribution, evolved in accordance with national traditions. Until the second half of the 19th century, only aristocrats and samurai had hereditary names, the rest of the population was content only with personal names or nicknames. Moreover, the number of aristocratic surnames was strictly limited and had ancient roots. "Newbies" did not appear here. Each clan had its own surnames, which were inherited. The emperor of Japan and his family never had a surname.
During the era of "Enlightened Rule" in the second half of the 19th century, Emperor Mutsuhito ordered that all peasants, artisans and merchants choose their surnames. Some Japanese, not slyly, wrote down the name of the settlement as a surname, others - the name of the store or company in which they worked. People with imagination came up with sonorous, bright surnames. Interpretation the majority japanese surnames associated with peasant life, rice cultivation and processing. For example, the familiar surname Hakamada consists of two hieroglyphs, one of which "hakama" means the lower part of a traditional Japanese outfit, men's pants or a women's skirt. And the second "yes" is the rice field. It can be assumed that the ancestors of Irina Khakamada worked in the rice fields.
Generic surnames in Japan
Another feature of Japanese surnames is that they do not have generic affiliation... The same surname is suitable for both men and women. According to Japanese law, spouses must have the same surname. In overwhelming cases, according to ancient tradition, it becomes the husband's surname, although the 1946 constitution permits the wife's surname to be adopted.
If you view list of Japanese surnames by afavit, then one can be convinced that Japanese surnames often have interesting, unusual meaning and musical sound - Igarashi ("50 storms"), Kikuchi ("chrysanthemum"), Katayama ("wild well"). AND top popular japanese surnames will give the opportunity to find out which of them are most popular with the Japanese themselves.
Popular Japanese surnames and their meanings
The list of Japanese surnames contains the most popular beautiful Japanese surnames that are most common in Japan.
Abe - 阿 部 - corner, shadow; sector
Akiyama - 秋山 - autumn + mountain
Ando: - 安藤 - calm + wisteria
Aoki - 青木 - green, young + tree
Arai - 新 井 - new well
Arai - 荒 井 - wild well
Araki - 荒木 - wild + tree
Asano - 浅 野 ／ 淺 野 - shallow + [uncultivated] field; plain
Baba - 馬 場 - horse + seat
Wada - 和田 - harmony + rice field
Watanabe - 渡 辺 ／ 渡邊 - cross + surroundings
Watanabe - 渡 部 - to cross + part; sector;
Goto: - 後 藤 - behind, future + wisteria
Yokota - 横 田 - side + rice field
Yokoyama - 横山 - side, side of the mountain
Yoshida - 吉田 - happiness + rice field
Yoshikawa - 吉川 - happiness + river
Yoshimura - 吉 村 - happiness + village
Yoshioka - 吉岡 - happiness + hill
Iwamoto - 岩 本 - rock + base
Iwasaki - 岩崎 - rock + cape
Iwata - 岩田 - rock + rice field
Igarashi - 五十 嵐 - 50 storms
Yendo: - 遠藤 - distant + wisteria
Iida - 飯 田 - boiled rice, food + rice field
Ikeda - 池田 - pond + rice field
Imai - 今井 - now + well
Inoe - 井上 - well + top
Ishibashi - 石橋 - stone + bridge
Isis - 石田 - stone + rice field
Ishii - 石井 - stone + well
Ishikawa - 石川 - stone + river
Ishihara - 石 原 - stone + plain, field; steppe
Ichikawa - 市 川 - city + river
Ito - 伊 東 - one, he + east
Ito: - 伊藤 - I + wisteria
Kawaguchi - 川口 - river + mouth, entrance
Kawakami - 川 上 - river + top
Kawamura - 川村 - river + village
Kawasaki - 川 崎 - river + cape
Kamata - 鎌 田 - sickle, scythe + rice field
Kaneko - 金子 - gold + child
Katayama - 片 山 - piece + mountain
Kato: - 加藤 - add + wisteria
Kikuchi - 菊 地 - chrysanthemum + earth
Kikuchi - 菊池 - chrysanthemum + pond
Kimura - 木村 - tree + village
Kinoshita - 木 下 - wood + under, bottom
Kitamura - 北 村 - north + village
Ko: but - 河野 - river + [uncultivated] field; plain
Kobayashi - 小林 - small forest
Kojima - 小島 - small + island
Koike - 小池 - small + pond
Komatsu - 小松 - small pine tree
Condo - 近藤 - close + wisteria
Konishi - 小 西 - small + west
Koyama - 小山 - small mountain
Kubo - 久保 - long + support
Kubota - 久保 田 - long + maintain + rice field
Kudo: - 工藤 - worker + wisteria
Kumagai - 熊 谷 - bear + valley
Kurihara - 栗 原 - chestnut + plain, field; steppe
Kuroda - 黒 田 - black rice field
Maruyama - 丸山 - round + mountain
Masuda - 増 田 - increase + rice field
Matsubara - 松原 - pine + plain, field; steppe
Matsuda - 松田 - pine + rice field
Matsui - 松井 - pine + well
Matsumoto - 松本 - pine + base
Matsumura - 松 村 - pine + village
Matsuo - 松尾 - pine + tail
Matsuoka - 松岡 - pine + hill
Matsushita - 松下 - pine + under, under
Matsuura - 松浦 - pine + bay
Maeda - 前 田 - behind + rice field
Mizuno - 水 野 - water + [uncultivated] field; plain
Minami - 南 - south
Miura - 三浦 - three bays
Miyazaki - 宮 崎 - temple, palace + cape
Miyake - 三 宅 - three houses
Miyamoto - 宮本 - temple, palace + base
Miyata - 宮 田 - temple, palace + rice field
Morey - 森 - forest
Morimoto - 森 本 - wood + base
Morita - 森田 - forest + rice field
Mochizuki - 望月 - full moon
Murakami - 村上 - village + top
Murata - 村田 - village + rice field
Nagai - 永 井 - eternal well
Nagata - 永田 - eternal rice field
Naito - 内藤 - inside + wisteria
Nakagawa - 中 川 - middle + river
Nakajima ／ Nakashima - 中 島 - middle + island
Nakamura - 中 村 - middle + village
Nakanishi - 中西 - west + middle
Nakano - 中 野 - middle + [uncultivated] field; plain
Nakata ／ Nakada - 中 田 - middle + rice field
H akayama - 中山 - middle + mountain
Narita - 成 田 - to form + rice field
Nishida - 西 田 - west + rice field
Nishikawa - 西川 - west + river
Nishimura - 西村 - west + village
Nishiyama - 西山 - west + mountain
Noguchi - 野 口 - [uncultivated] field; plain + mouth, entrance
But yes - 野 田 - [uncultivated] field; plain + rice field
Nomura - 野村 - [uncultivated] field; plain + village
Ogawa - 小川 - small river
Oh yeah - 小田 - small rice field
Ozawa - 小 沢 ／ 小澤 - small swamp
Ozaki - 尾崎 - tail + cape
Oka - 岡 - hill
Okada - 岡田 - hill + rice field
Okazaki - 岡 崎 - hill + cape
Okamoto - 岡本 - hill + base
Okumura - 奥 村 - deep (hidden) + village
It - 小野 - small + [uncultivated] field; plain
Ooisi - 大石 - large stone
Ookubo - 大 久保 - big + long + support
Oomori - 大 森 - big forest
Oonisi - 大西 - big west
Oono - 大野 - large + [uncultivated] field; plain
Oosawa - 大 沢 ／ 大 澤 - big swamp
Ooshima - 大 島 - big island
Oota - 太 田 - large + rice field
Ootani - 大谷 - big valley
Oohashi - 大橋 - big bridge
Ootsuka - 大 塚 - big + hill
Sawada - 沢 田 ／ 澤 田 - swamp + rice field
Saito: - 斉 藤 ／ 齊藤 - equal + wisteria
Saito: - 斎 藤 ／ 齋藤 - cleansing (religious) + wisteria
Sakai - 酒井 - alcohol + well
Sakamoto - 坂 本 - slope + base
Sakurai - 桜 井 ／ 櫻井 - sakura + well
Sano - 佐野 - helper + [uncultivated] field; plain
Sasaki - 佐 々 木 - helpers + tree
Sato: - 佐藤 - helper + wisteria
Shibata - 柴 田 - brushwood + rice field
Shimada - 島 田 - island + rice field
Shimizu - 清水 - clean water
Shinohara - 篠 原 - undersized bamboo + plain, field; steppe
Sugawara - 菅原 - sedge + plain, field; steppe
Sugimoto - 杉 本 - Japanese cedar + roots
Sugiyama - 杉山 - Japanese cedar + mountain
Suzuki - 鈴木 - bell (bell) + tree
Suto / Sudou - 須藤 - certainly + wisteria
Seki - 関 ／ 關 - Outpost; barrier
Taguchi - 田 口 - rice floor + mouth
Takagi - 高木 - tall tree
Takada ／ Takata - 高田 - high + rice field
Takano - 高 野 - high + [uncultivated] field; plain
Takahashi - 高橋 - high + bridge
Takayama - 高山 - high mountain
Takeda - 武田 - military + rice field
Takeuchi - 竹 内 - bamboo + inside
Tamura - 田村 - rice field + village
Tanabe - 田 辺 ／ 田邊 - rice field + surroundings
Tanaka - 田中 - rice field + middle
Taniguchi - 谷口 - valley + mouth, entrance
Chiba - 千葉 - one thousand sheets
Uchida - 内 田 - inside + rice field
Uchiyama - 内 山 - inside + mountain
Ueda / Ueta - 上 田 - top + rice field
Ueno - 上 野 - top + [uncultivated] field; plain
Fujiwara - 藤原 - wisteria + plain, field; steppe
Fujii - 藤井 - wisteria + well
Fujimoto - 藤 本 - wisteria + base
Fujita - 藤田 - wisteria + rice field
Fukuda - 福田 - happiness, well-being + rice field
Fukui - 福井 - happiness, well-being + well
Fukushima - 福島 - happiness, well-being + island
Furukawa - 古 川 - old river
Hagiwara - 萩 原 - two-color lespedetsa + plain, field; steppe
Hamada - 浜 田 ／ 濱 田 - shore + rice field
Hara - 原 - plain, field; steppe
Harada - 原田 - plain, field; steppe + rice field
Hashimoto - 橋本 - bridge + base
Hasegawa - 長谷川 - long + valley + river
Hattori - 服 部 - clothing, subjugate + part; sector;
Hayakawa - 早川 - early + river
Hayashi - 林 - forest
Higuchi - 樋 口 - gutter; drain + mouth, entrance
Hirai - 平井 - even well
Hirano - 平野 - even + [uncultivated] field; plain
Hirata - 平 田 - even + rice field
Hirose - 広 瀬 ／ 廣 瀬 - wide fast current
Homma - 本 間 - base + span, room, luck
Honda - 本田 - base + rice field
Hori - 堀 - channel
Hoshino - 星野 - star + [uncultivated] field; plain
Tsuji - 辻 - street
Tsuchiya - 土屋 - land + house
Yamaguchi - 山口 - mountain + mouth, entrance
Yamada - 山田 - mountain + rice field
Yamazaki／ Yamasaki - 山崎 - mountain + cape
Yamamoto - 山 本 - mountain + base
Yamanaka - 山 中 - mountain + middle
Yamashita - 山下 - mountain + under, down
Yamauchi - 山 内 - mountain + inside
I but - 矢野 - arrow + [uncultivated] field; plain
Yasuda - 安 田 - calm + rice field
In Japan, as in many Asian countries, they use a rather familiar system of names for us, but a little the other way around. First, the Japanese indicate the last name, and then the personal name. If in Russian it is customary to call Ivan Sidorov, then in Japan it would sound like Ivan Sidorov. As you can see, the difference is small. However, when translating from Japanese, this is quite important, and young translators sometimes make annoying mistakes. The names of women and men in Japan differ greatly in structure. Personal names are one of the most difficult skills in Japanese.
The modern culture of Japan has undergone a very dramatic change. If earlier traditions were strong enough in the field of names, now they have completely lost ground. Increasingly, when choosing a Japanese name for a boy, parents are turning to modern cultural phenomena. So in Japan, names from cartoons and comics are used, which quite adults are also fond of.
To transliterate the Japanese language into Cyrillic characters, the "Polivanov system" is used. This is a transliteration system developed by the orientalist Polivanov. It was introduced back in 1930 and since then has been considered the standard in Russian practice. Moreover, it often happens that some sources transliterate transliteration. Let's say take english translation and transliterate proper names from it. This often leads to confusion in the names and surnames in translations.
Japanese boy names popular in 2009-2011
List of Japanese male names, their spelling and meaning.
We have compiled a list of names that are quite popular in Japan. This is of course not the entire list of available names, but displays the most commonly used names for the land of the rising sun. We hope you find this information useful.
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Pronunciation Masahiko Masahiro Masanori Takahiro |
Writing |
Meaning of the name autumn / bright bright prince great fame glorious hero bright / clear hardworking fifth son great wisdom great glory / noble courage honor / dignity stone man public servant good man hardness restrained child victory harmonious person humble truth happy son happiness / light / peace compatriot sincerity / truth defender true brightness just a prince justice flourishes flourishing tree model of justice right person elegant / gorgeous right person true clarity brilliant man obedient / respected obedient tree rise faithful person man of law thunder and lightning dragon spirit determined man progressing faithful person loyal / true noble respected hero / man laudable transition to heights fierce / warrior dexterous / artisan protector / patron great son / eldest son bright / smart brilliant eighth son spring man great opportunity wonderful person many / generous / prosperous long-lived people long-lived balanced employee rich / prosperous the calmest healthy man Japanese male names Is the hardest part to read when it comes to proper names. It happens when one and the same character is read in completely different ways. And behind every name hides its meaning... So if you want to know a little more about Japanese male names, as well as find out their meaning, come here! Male Japanese namesBefore World War II, Japan was completely did not use restrictions on the use of signs... You can imagine what a mess it was and how many problems it caused. Because memorizing 50 thousand characters is unrealistic, and those who worked with papers could only sympathize, as they had to sit with a dictionary. But this is in the past, now only the use of 166 characters is allowed for names, which greatly simplified life for everyone. So, your attention is given table with the most common Japanese names and their meanings.
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