The profession of a stove-maker has always enjoyed great respect in Russia: it depended on him whether the house would be warm in a harsh winter. There were hundreds of subtleties of stove business, which were passed on from one master to another for generations.

Now this craft is by no means a thing of the past: modern house can be equipped with a real brick stove, which will become both a cozy addition to the interior and a useful additional heater. Brick ovens in a wooden house can be built for every taste, but it is important to follow the basic rules.

The choice of material for a brick oven

The basis of any stove is a correctly selected material, and today the choice is quite large. The classic solution is a red solid brick made of fired clay, silicate brick can be used in the construction of chimneys, but it is rarely used.

For strength, it is recommended to choose ceramic or fireclay bricks, the density of which is up to 250 kg / cm². There are a few more selection rules:

• Only normally fired red brick is suitable for the masonry of the furnace: a too dark color indicates that the clay was overexposed during firing, and too light material, on the contrary, indicates insufficient heat treatment.
• The surface must be flat: there can be no blisters and chips on it, in addition, you need to choose a brick with the correct geometric dimensions. The standard size is 250x125x65mm, however, one and a half or double type of brick can be used in construction.
• The seller must have documents for the batch of bricks, in addition, it is advisable to make sure that they are the same size. Even a small percentage of scrap will significantly complicate the masonry process.

In addition to bricks and mortar for masonry, you will need to purchase another set of cast iron fittings. This is a grate for fuel, furnace and blower doors, a damper, an oven. When the entire kit is assembled, you can start building.

Furnace design

If a brick oven for wooden house is being built as the main heater, it must be borne in mind that 1 kW of energy generated by the stove will be enough to heat 10 square meters of the house. The power of the heating equipment and the dimensions of the furnace are calculated accordingly, although several more parameters must be taken into account. The efficiency of the furnace is influenced by the presence and quality of insulation, wall thickness, caulking and a number of other parameters.

When designing a brick stove for a wooden house, it is advisable to follow the advice of a professional stove-maker. It will help to combine a conventional combustion chamber with a hob or fireplace, then the functionality of the heater will significantly expand.

A stove in a wooden brick house should be built on a separate foundation, which will not be associated with the foundation of the building itself. This is done due to shrinkage, which can go unevenly and lead to various distortions. Concrete foundation it is poured so that it is about 5 cm wider than the furnace itself, in addition, it is necessary to calculate so that the chimney pipe falls between the rafters.

The most important step in the design is drawing up drawings: this is a vertical section of the stove, showing how and where the smoke will go, and the order is horizontal sections with drawings of each row. It will allow you to calculate in advance the location of bricks in the masonry, and this plan will need to be strictly adhered to.

Stove construction stages

The laying of the stove is a rather complicated process that requires experience and patience from the master. The mortar for the oven is made from sand, water and clay, while the proportion is determined empirically.

If the clay is too oily, sand is added to it, if it is lean, it is diluted with water. To test the solution, you can roll a ball out of it and throw it on the floor. The correct mortar must be plastic and will not crack.

Before laying the brick, it is soaked in water so that it does not draw water out of the solution. The base is covered with a waterproofing layer: usually these are 2 layers of roofing material, which are attached with bituminous mastic.

The laying is carried out according to the order, and in order for it to be even, it is recommended to guide it along the guides, which are installed vertically between the floor and the ceiling. There are several important stove-making secrets:

After the completion of the masonry, the seams are rubbed clay solutionwhich is allowed to dry. The finish can be different: it is plastered and whitewashed, sometimes the stove is faced with tiles. As a result, it will become not only a useful heater, but also an excellent decoration that will look great in a wooden house.

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It takes a lot of bricks and craftsmanship to oven a wooden house, but the costs are well worth it. A brick or metal stove can be installed in a wooden house. The installation of the stove of a wooden brick house is made only after a thorough study of the characteristics of this type of structure.

High-quality masonry of the Russian stove will ensure the durability of the structure.

According to the tradition of the ancient Slavs, the Russian stove was used for heating the room and cooking, and it was also an additional sleeping place. Such a furnace structure has many advantages:

• long-term preservation of heat, achieved due to a very long cooling of the furnace;
• the ability to heat a room of various sizes;
• no need to create additional protection for different surfaces, since the brick wall does not heat up;
• the brick oven is fire resistant.

But when choosing this heating option, it is also important to take into account the presence of disadvantages brick oven for a wooden house:

• the installation of the furnace should be carried out by a specialist, since you cannot do without special technological knowledge and skills;
• the installation of the stove needs a deep, strong foundation;
• when choosing the location of the oven, it is necessary to take into account the fact that a brick oven takes up a lot of space and will look bulky.

Combustion chamber

Installing a brick oven involves creating a combustion chamber. The heat transfer coefficient determines the required linear dimensions of this chamber.

The combustion chamber can be made of various materials... The choice is greatly influenced by the fuel that is planned to be used to refuel the furnace. The oven in a wooden house can be refueled using the following materials:

• firewood - then, when creating a furnace chamber, it is necessary to use exclusively refractory bricks;
• coal - the firebox should be made of red brick, and the lining of the chamber is made of fireclay;
• peat - the combustion chamber is equipped with two metal grates.

Chimney is required

A very important part of a brick stove is the chimney, which allows you to remove soot, soot and combustion products from a wooden house. When installing the chimney and the stove itself, it is mandatory to create inspection hatches necessary to clean the system from soot and soot.

The chimney can also be made of various materials:

1. The galvanized pipe must be thermally insulated non-combustible materials... It is characterized by a high degree of heating, which requires the creation of additional protection at the joints with the surfaces of the roof and wood.
2. Brick. A brick stove in a wooden house should have exclusively a brick chimney, which reduces the degree of heating, thereby avoiding the risk of ignition.
3. Ceramics. Despite the massiveness of the resulting structure, it has many positive properties, among which it is important to note a high service life and better traction. Condensation does not accumulate in such a chimney.
4. Sandwich. The multilayer walls help protect the chimney from overheating, which is also reflected in the absence of the need for additional insulation. The only thing that such a plan has a chimney has a short service life: over time, the pipe begins to exfoliate, which badly affects its quality.

Installing a brick oven

The installation of the stove in a wooden house must be carried out in a place specifically designated for it. That is why, before installing the stove, you need to decide on its location. The place is chosen when designing a wooden house, at the stage of creating a foundation. The fact is that the stove needs a special base, because the Russian stove has very impressive dimensions.

Installation is best done at the food preparation area. If the house has many floors, then the stove should cover each floor of the wooden house.

You can install a brick oven yourself by following the step-by-step guide:

For masonry, it is best to choose high-quality brick.

• in the subfield it is necessary to create a roofing layer consisting of at least 3 layers;
• between the gas duct and the roofing material layers, a space of at least 50 cm should be obtained;
• you need to calculate the beams in advance, preventing the chimney pipe from getting into the rafters;
• in order to prevent drafts, it is best to install the stove close to the outer wall;
• in order to build a stove, they begin to create brickwork between the located racks, thereby evenly distributing the clay, without leaving seams;
• the laying is performed in the form of a rectangle, checking the correctness with a plumb line;
• you need to make a combustion chamber from the grate;
• to finish the installation of the stove, you need to create a cladding, which can be a tile, or you can plaster the stove surface with asbestos.

You can correctly install the structure with your own hands, adhering to certain recommendations during installation.

To make brickwork, only the best brick must be used. Defective brick is not suitable for the firebox, which includes a crooked, burnt, unburned or cracked brick. If a defective brick was installed, then it should be replaced immediately, even if this requires disassembling the entire structure.

To build a beautiful, functional and correct structure, you need to use the same (with millimeter precision) bricks. Masonry is made using clay mortar.

The solution is prepared independently, mixing is carried out empirically. When receiving oily clay, sand must be added to the solution; if the clay comes out skinny, then water is added to it.

Installation brickwork assumes strict adherence to the rules. It cannot be broken or changed. The most important thing in laying is the creation of the first row. The row should turn out to be of the correct geometric shape. The corners are made straight.

The seams between the bricks must be trowelled; clay mortar is also used for this. The better the grout is done, the better the flue gas flow will be.

Brick structures can become a truly original decoration of a room in any modern wooden house. For this, the structure can be placed in the center of the room. Installation is a rather complicated and painstaking task, which is very difficult to cope with on your own. If there is no installation experience, then it is better to entrust this process to professionals.

If you have little experience in construction, then, adhering to the rules of installation and masonry, you can try to do the installation yourself. It is important to follow the exact sequence of masonry construction and the creation of decorative and obligatory elements.

It is important that everyone necessary tools were prepared in advance. It is advisable to first sort out all the brick and additional material, so that during the masonry process you do not waste extra time on this.

The work must be done slowly, evenly distributing the time for laying.

It is important to understand that the slightest mistake will result in the need to redo all the work again, which will be a waste of extra time, materials and funds.

Any residential facility is equipped with heating equipment, so installing a stove in a wooden house with your own hands is the right and simple solution. Before installation, it is worth gaining knowledge of what a stove or fireplace should be in a wooden house. Everything must be done taking into account the fire safety requirements.

Types of stoves for wooden houses

House heating designs are different. They can be:

• brick;
• metal.

Each of these materials has certain properties that affect the quality of heating. The brick oven is definitely a classic. For proper laying, it is important to have heating engineering skills.

The advantages of brick structures:

• the ability of a brick to retain and give off heat;
• small structure is capable of heating multi-storey wooden househic;
• refractoriness;
• low cost of construction.

As for the metal stove in wooden houses, they take up less space than brick ones. Cast iron or steel is used as the material for the furnace. The walls should be 3-5 mm thick and have a double format. This allows the air layer between the metal plates not to heat up. The house will be protected from fire.

The advantages of metal structures:

• external appeal;
• simplicity of material processing to give any shape;
• the strength of cast iron will increase the life of the stove up to half a century;
• automated control system;
• affordable construction cost;
• fast and uniform heating of a room of any area.

Heating equipment must have safe operation... Therefore, furnaces for installation in a wooden house are chosen of the following types:

• russian;
• fireplace stove;
• cast iron.

A stove or fireplace looks great in chalet or loft style homes.
Installation of an open structure without heat-resistant glass is inappropriate. Fire safety rules must always be followed.

Furnace installation materials

The main material for the manufacture of ovens is bricks. They are ceramic and silicate (hollow or solid). To install a stove in the house, use only solid bricks (ceramic, fireclay or clinker).

Brick selection criteria:

• The bricks must be of the same color and uniform shape.
• No visible defects (there should be no chips, cracks, burns).

Taking these nuances into account will avoid extra costs when laying a stove or fireplace in a wooden house with your own hands.

It is possible to install a finished cast iron or steel structure. There are models that already have a complete set and smoke extraction.

Fuel types for metal stoves:

• electricity (the stove has a heating element and a generator);
• natural gas (the burner and thermostat are responsible for the degree of heating);
• wood (ease of repair and service, fast heating);
• fuel oil or diesel fuel (high degree of safety).

How to install the oven? It is important to choose it correctly. Before choosing an option close to you, you need:

• determine the heating rate;
• check the minimum and maximum heating equipment;
• check the dimensions of the firebox and stove;
• find out the type of metal or its alloy;
• determine the comfort of use.

For a wooden house, it is customary to install structures made of cast iron, stainless steel or black steel.

DIY brick and metal ovens installation

Installing a brick oven is not an easy process. The first step is to choose a location for installation. The wall must be insulated. The foundation for the structure must be arranged according to the dimensions of the future structure. The smoke extraction system is most often installed near the outer wall.

When the masonry is completed, the stove will be facing with plaster or tiles. The material chosen for finishing must be fireproof. Indeed, during the heating process, it will heat up.

Installation of a stove, fireplace for wooden houses do it yourself is a laborious task. But you can install a metal oven quickly enough. Therefore, if you do not have enough time and patience, then this option will suit you. But don't forget an important rule when installing. The structure should not be tightly pushed against the wall. If the wall of the house is wooden, then the heating device is installed 25 cm from it.

A metal stove in a wooden house can be installed on a sheet steel scaffold. After that, the racks are attached for additional insurance against the load. This is important to consider when working with cast iron stoves.
Any house requires a chimney. Its diameter must match the size of the branch pipe. Then the thrust will be more powerful.

Do-it-yourself installation of a new furnace involves a test firing outside the home, so that the paint “works” and loses its “flavor”.

Conclusion

When a decision is made on what kind of stove will be in a wooden house, the main thing becomes compliance with the installation rules. You are required to:

1. Determine the location of the furnace equipment. The distance from the firebox door and the wall itself should be 25 cm or more. There must be a non-combustible insulating layer at the point where the chimney and the wall touch.
2. Do-it-yourself oven installation requires foundation preparation. Better to choose concrete base, after installing the steel sheet. Then there should be a thermal insulation layer.
3. All wooden surfaces should be treated with fire retardants.
4. All materials for construction must be heat resistant.

The installation of a stove, fireplace in a wooden house should be done with basic knowledge of masonry, heat engineering and connecting equipment for heating.

More articles on this topic:

How relevant is a Russian stove in a modern wooden house? The question is not idle, since this device carries a lot of useful things. But its construction and maintenance is fraught with many difficulties. It is worth examining the issue from all sides, so that the owners, caring for the primordially Russian look, take into account all the nuances when deciding to install not a fireplace, but a stove.

Advantages of the Russian stove

The efficiency of the unit is indisputable - the special design allows using up to 80% of the fuel energy, which is unattainable with conventional radiators or fireplaces. Also, the advantages include:

1. The Russian stove is used not only for heating the room, but also for cooking. In addition, heat has a beneficial effect on the condition of the wood, preventing moisture from penetrating inside. The firebox is decorated under a fireplace; to heighten the resemblance, grips, clay and cast-iron pots are purchased. A poker is required.
2. In the old days, ancestors used the healing heat to treat osteochondrosis and other joint diseases. If the owners want to get a heating effect, then before construction it is worth discussing this option with the master. The bed, or as it was called before, the floor, should not be hot or in contact with the chimney.
3. The decorativeness that a Russian stove creates in a wooden house is incomparable with plastic or metal interiors - the object immediately gives the house a truly Russian style. Previously, stoves were painted in traditional motives - Gzhel, Khokhloma. Nothing prevents from reproducing it today.
4. Stoves can be small and serve only for coloring or heating small rooms. In general, the common dimensions are 1500 mm × 2300 mm. The stoves are designed for large from 30 m² and small rooms.

There are also disadvantages:

• The oven is a brick building. The stone tends to accumulate moisture, so in order not to spread dampness, a Russian stove for a wooden house should be in operation. That is, in winter it needs to be heated properly, and in summer, pay attention to cleaning, plastering and general prevention.
• The volumes of a real Russian stove are quite large, so the project should plan a place for it. Modest stoves can be used, but the style will then lose the desired flavor.
• Only a professional can deal with the design of the stove, as well as its regular prevention, for lack of experience can create multiple risks to the health and even the life of others.

If the difficulties associated with the installation of such a structure do not frighten the future owners, then you should try to arrange your own cozy corner. On winter evenings in such housing, words from the song of the good old Soviet cartoon will come to mind - small house, a Russian stove, a wooden floor, a bench and a candle.

Safety measures when arranging a Russian stove

It is important to prevent overheating of the surfaces of a log cottage or house in the immediate vicinity of the stove. For this purpose, an asbestos sheet is used. Receiver for fuel under coal, firewood should also not come into contact with hot surfaces. It is attached to the wall of the house, near the stove.

It is worth paying attention to the chimney and ventilation. The first requires reliable masonry without the slightest fistula. It is also sheathed with asbestos sheet and wrapped in non-combustible thermal insulation.

Ventilation, or rather, the system of passages should be both supply and exhaust, in addition to natural.

Decorative finishing of the Russian stove

Having decided on such a functional item in a wooden house, you should think about its decoration options. The simple bleached type is widespread - neat smooth snow-white walls. The only drawback is that with frequent operation, simple sweeping of soot is indispensable, you will have to constantly update the look of the walls in order to maintain cleanliness.

The second most popular option is wooden houses with a Russian stove, faced ceramic tiles... For this purpose, many manufacturers offer imitations of tiles that were in the time of our ancestors.

Facing the Russian stove with bricks. The structure itself is laid out from a fireclay type, and the decorative layer can be clinker or ceramic. The first option is not afraid of any temperature changes, heats up a little and will serve as additional safety in terms of ignition.

The coziness of the traditional national flavor, indeed, can be created by two components: a wooden house - a Russian stove. Owners of private real estate have long understood the charm of country motives - as one of the trends designed to emphasize one or another tradition of the country of which they are representatives. Also, this interior is popular abroad, not just as a curiosity, but as a time-tested functional thermal protection, especially in northern countries.

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Furnace equipment in a house made of logs or wooden beam has a number of features associated with an increased risk of fire. Wood is prone to fire. Therefore, the installation of a stove in a wooden house must be carried out in compliance with safety requirements.

Video about the construction of a small stove with a superheater

Furnace types

A wooden house can be equipped with a brick or metal oven... The decision to choose one of the options is made based on a study of the characteristics of each species.

Brick ("Russian") oven

It has an ancient Slavic tradition: our great-great-grandfathers not only cooked food on it and heated their homes, but also used it for sleeping. The advantages of this furnace equipment include:

1. Maintaining heat by cooling for a long time.
2. The possibility of heating a room of any size.
3. No need for additional protection of walls and ceilings due to the fact that brick walls not subject to incandescence.
4. Resistant to fire.

However, such ovens are not without drawbacks:

• For the construction brick construction special skills and knowledge of technology are required. Therefore, this process should be entrusted to a professional.
• This equipment needs a solid deepened foundation.
• The stove is quite bulky and takes up a lot of space, which must be taken into account at the stage when the position of the stove in a wooden house is determined.

Antique Russian stove with a lounger

A stove for a wooden house is also made of steel or shaped cast iron with a sheet thickness of 3 to 5 mm. The walls are two layers of metal, between which there is an air layer. This design protects the room from thermal shock.

The advantages of metal furnaces include:

1. Availability of purchase of a fully equipped pre-assembled chimney oven equipped with a temperature control system.
2. Exquisite design.
3. Fast heating, due to which you can quickly heat the air in the room.
4. Heat transfer.
5. Long period of operation.
6. Consumption of any type of fuel.

Among the disadvantages of metal stoves:

• Not suitable for use in a large house due to uneconomical fuel consumption.
• A short heating time also implies rapid cooling.
• Fire hazard requiring special control.

Metal stove in the interior of a wooden house

Material selection criteria for the combustion chamber

A stove in a wooden house, no matter what material it is made of, must be equipped with a combustion chamber. Its linear dimensions directly depend on the heat transfer coefficient.

To determine what material to make the chamber for the furnace, you must first of all know what kind of fuel the stove will be filled with. Using:

1. Peat: the combustion chamber must be equipped with two metal grates.
2. Coal: the chamber should be made of red brick, and lined with fireclay.
3. Firewood: we make a chamber for a firebox from refractory bricks.

Chimney selection

In addition to the stove itself, an integral element of the system is the chimney, which removes combustion products, soot and soot from the house. The stove and chimney must be equipped with inspection hatches. They serve for periodic cleaning of the system from soot and soot. Chimneys are made from:

• Galvanized pipe, which must be insulated with materials that do not burn. This type of chimney heats up to such an extent that it needs additional protection at the joints with wood surfaces and roofs.
• Brick. Sleeved brick chimneys are required for use in a stove for a wooden house. By reducing the degree of heating, they thereby reduce the risk of ignition.
• Ceramics. The design is quite massive, but it has the best qualities among the listed types. This is both durability and remarkable traction. Among other things, condensation does not form in such a chimney.
• "Sandwich". Due to the multilayer walls, such a chimney is not subject to overheating and therefore does not need additional insulation. However, after a decade of operation, it can delaminate, due to which the quality of the pipe deteriorates.

Ceramic chimney diagram

Self-installation of the "Russian" oven

Before you put a brick oven for a country house, let's decide on its location. This issue is clarified even at the design stage of the house during the pouring of the foundation. A special base is made under the future stove. Here it is necessary to take into account the large size of the "Russian" oven. The best place there will be a kitchen for her, a traditional place for cooking. In a large multi-storey building, each floor is equipped with a stove.

Step-by-step guide for self-installation of a brick oven

1. Lay in the subfield from 2 to 3 layers of roofing felt waterproofing or roofing. There must be an interval of at least 45 cm between them and the gas ducts.
2. Calculate the configuration of the beams on the ceiling in such a way that the chimney pipe runs away from the matrices between the rafters. To avoid drafts, it is recommended to place the stove next to an outer wall.
3. Start laying bricks obliquely from two opposite posts. Thus, the clay is evenly distributed and will not weaken the seam by sliding.
4. The shape of the masonry should resemble a regular rectangle. With an interval of 2-3 rows, you need to check its evenness using a plumb line.
5. Carry out the laying of the combustion chamber from the grate.
6. Cover the stove with tiles or plaster its surface with a thin layer of asbestos.

Scheme of the Russian stove

Possible malfunctions and remedies

During the operation of the furnace equipment, certain malfunctions may be detected. Let's list the main ones and consider the repair methods.

• The furnace walls do not warm up well. Reason: one of the elements furnace system clogged with soot or the partition has collapsed. It is necessary to restore the partition and clean the soot.
• Cracks appeared on the surface. To eliminate the defect, they must be expanded with a pickaxe blade, cleaned of dust, wetted and sealed with cement or clay mortar.
• The bottom of the bread is poorly baked. This means that the base of the furnace does not heat up well. It is necessary to shift the bottom, pouring coarse sand and river pebbles under it.
• The top edge of the bread burns during baking. Cause: the vault is too low. It needs to be raised a couple of rows higher.
• The furnace equipment needs to be replaced. To do this, remove the solution, knock down a part of the brick, if necessary, and carefully push the stove, replacing the old one with a new one.

Classic stove with decorative stone and wood trim

The role of the stove in the decoration of a wooden house

The Russian stove in the interior of a wooden house is an integral attribute of the rustic style. To complement it, making the design complete, the following techniques are used:

1. Fastening wooden shelves with kitchen utensils to kitchen walls, as well as hooks on which you can hang ladles or pots.
2. The location of a large table in the center of the room, near which, instead of chairs, there are wooden benches.
3. Arrangement of a special corner for icons with a lamp, decorated with woven cloth.
4. Location next to the mirror exit.

Features of installing furnace equipment in a wooden bath

Let us dwell in more detail on such a process as installing a furnace in wooden bath... It has certain distinctive features:

• Choice of location. It should be noted that there must be a distance of at least 25 cm from the door of the firebox to the wall.It is possible to build the stove into the wall only if it is made of material not subject to intense combustion and covered with tiles or its analog at least 2 m in height. The area in contact with the chimney must be covered with non-combustible insulation.
• A reinforced concrete base is poured under the stove in the bath even at the stage of foundation construction. Then comes a metal sheet and a layer of thermal insulation. Otherwise, installing the oven on a wooden floor without a base may lead to its destruction.
• It is recommended to impregnate all surfaces in the bath with a fire retardant, and separate the oven itself with a brick wall (best of all, refractory).

Brick stove in a wooden bath

Installing the oven in country bath, as in any other room, a person who is familiar firsthand with the nuances of flammable equipment should be engaged. However, exactly following the above instructions, it will not be difficult for a beginner to install oven equipment in your home.