Many of our fellow citizens dream of living in their own home, but not everyone may buy an apartment. Alternative option It will be the construction of a country building, because on such a construction you can save and get your own housing. In our article we describe the main stages of the construction of a private house with their own hands.
Regardless of the material for the construction of walls, whether it is aerated concrete, brick or wooden bar.The process of building the building should be divided into the following steps:
Gestplan Territory and Country House Draft
Although the date of the construction announcement is simple, this is not a very trivial official execution. In any case, this a good idea Visit the local construction office and find out all the details and documents that are needed in your case. The declaration of the building must be attached.
If the proposed work in accordance with the approved project documentation of the village, simply attach it to the notification of the building. Otherwise, it is necessary to complete the territorial production and obtain territorial consent to the announcement. In the case of the construction announcement, there is no approval, and only notifications in the building are sufficient. The deadline for declaring the building is 40 days. Your official approval of the building will be provided to you in writing. Delivery day then acquires legal consequences.
- Installation of an overhead part (foundation);
- walling;
- laying overlap;
- roof device;
- Summing up communications.
How is the installation of the foundation
Before stacking the foundation, you need to choose a building material for its installation. For this purpose, monolithic reinforced concrete blocks are used in construction or concrete is poured into a pre-arranged formwork. The process of the foundation device is not so complicated, as it may seem at first glance, the main thing to withstand the thickness of the base. Note that this size depends on the load, which are transmitted to the foundation of the wall and roof.
Open or closed kitchen?
Your neighbors, but perhaps could be fifteen days to present the buildings of the administration of any objections. Each investor, before starting the construction of the house, there must be several stages - from buying a plot, through permits and agreements, to work on the construction of an unfinished section. See what you should do next, what formalities to finish to make your dream house.
Planning options at home before construction - a very important thing
Buying a plot is the first important step in the implementation of our dreams, so the choice of land must be thought out, because we can not build a house that we dream about. The first is the local spatial development plan, the second development decision.
Simplify the Fundament Device private building It will help the use of factory production blocks. It will take a construction crane for their laying, but in this case the work is made in a short time. The second method of the construction of the foundation is considered to fill concrete into a formwork. If this option is used, the first stage of construction passes long enough. The fact is that the workers first mounted formwork and metal frames from the reinforcement, and only after that there is a fill of the underground construction with heavy concrete on the basis of cement, rubble, water and sand.
How is the installation of the foundation
The plan of local territorial development is accepted by the city council and determines whether a single-family house is allowed to build a permissible building area, structure and size of buildings, etc. Such a competent authority is the mayor, the mayor or the mayor of the city. It may turn out that the plot does not meet the requirements established by law, and it cannot be built on it. Any interested party may apply for the issuance of development conditions, it should not be the owner of the site.
The decision defining the conditions of development does not create rights to the site, does not violate the interests of third parties, can be issued to several interested parties. It can also happen that the seller of the site has already accepted such a decision and decided to buy, you can postpone this decision on yourself. The transfer of the decision is made by the authority that has decided at the request of the interested person, with the consent of the addressee of the decision. The only condition is to take all the conditions included in the decision of the person who must be transmitted.
You can save on the construction of a private house, but in this case the bearing walls need to be erected from aerated concrete.
Installation of walls
Previously, the main wall material for the construction of most civilian buildings was considered ceramic brickBut now the walls of the private house are better to build with aerated concrete. The fact is that such products have significant sizes and a small mass, so the installation of walls is carried out in a short time with their own hands.
It is important that the decision on construction conditions in principle is valid for an indefinite period, but the body that has issued it expires when land use plan for the area is applied on which the conditions of the decision are subject to the results of which are different from those contained in the decision.
Communication on the site
At this stage, it is also worth checking whether and what investments are planned in close proximity. It may turn out that we are looking for peace and calm, and then, in a few years, create a shopping center or high-speed way. If a local spatial development plan is adopted, such information should be included in it. If your site crosses the border with another municipality, it is also worth meeting the planned investments in the neighboring municipality.
First of all, you need to lay out the base of the house. This structural element protects the building from moisture effects and sharp temperature surges. If you make a building without a base, then the walls of aerated concrete or any other material will quickly collapse. Investment base from ordinary red bricks, but before laying the first seam, it is necessary to put on the foundation layer of rubberoid or other waterproofing. This stage of work is quite simple, so each builder can make the base with their own hands. If you do not put waterproofing, the walls of the building stretched moisture, destroy under the influence of negative temperatures.
In addition, it is also worth checking whether there is aware of funds mass media, Is it possible to connect to the selected weak waters, water, gas, etc. It may be that it will be necessary to build its own well or reservoir for pollution, and it must be found in the construction project, An important aspect It is also the ability to drain rainwater from neighboring buildings and nearby roads.
Architectural and construction project
Join us and follow upgrades. The next step will be the choice of design of our future home. Depending on your requirements, ideas, etc. We can entrust the authorized person, and this is an architect preparing to us individual project. It is important that the person developing the project has relevant authority to build the appropriate specialty - in this case it will be architectural - and will be included in the list of members of the relevant self-government. Choosing an individual project, we can give our imagination, we can "create" an energy efficient, smart home.
Now you can start mounting walls from aerated concrete or any other material for fences. It can be a wooden bar, brica, brick or foam block. When erection of enclosing structures from aerated concrete use the usual cement mortar or special glue. Construction starts with building corners, and the first number of blocks are laid out in terms of level. When laying walls at home, you need to leave the moves for doors and windows according to the developed project.
One-storey house is most suitable for a large plot.
We can independently determine your home, installation equipment. In addition, the architect working on a separate project for us is likely to prepare a plot of land that will be compiled on the current map, including the boundaries of the site, the relief network, drainage, sewage, communication system, green system, etc. However, we must keep in mind that such a solution is associated with quite high costs. It is important that before entering the individual project to determine with the architect that this project will use, because it is actually necessary to build 2 projects.
Laying overlap
An important stage in the construction of a private residential building is considered to be laying overlap. If such a house is performed from aerated concrete, then before installing the intermediary or attic wall overlap, the walls are enhanced by armgrades of metal frames and concrete. This allows you to more successfully withstand the load from the severity of the roof.
The first is a construction project, the second is an executive project that complements and details the construction project. It contains accurate cross sections, projections, architectural and construction details and ready-made plans for all installations. The executive project does not compensate for the office, but it is necessary for construction, this is the main document on which the Contractor is based.
This entry will discuss how to plan the future house, provide all the subtleties and which house is better to build
The second, much cheaper way is to choose a directory project. In addition, when choosing a finished project, we must remember to adapt it to a specific plot. The idea of \u200b\u200bthis concept is to compile a modern map of the land development plan, including the identification of a plot or land borders, a location, a scheme and location of existing and planned buildings, a relief network, sewage or waste processing, a communication system and a green system, elements, sizes, Ordinates and mutual distances of objects due to the existing and planned development of neighboring areas.
This work is carried out with your own hands: first mounted wooden formwork On the perimeter of the walls, the frames of the wire knit, the concrete is poured.
Factory concrete slabs of various sizes are used as the overlap. If the height of the house does not exceed one floor, then wooden bars can be used instead of concrete slabs. They retain heat well and hold significant loads. In addition, the timber is considered the main element for fastening the roof. The beams are exhibited by pins concerned in Aropoyase, observing step 50-60 centimeters. Concrete plates Also should rely on the enhancing belt.
Disadvantages and minuses
It is also important that the construction project also includes information on the influence of the building. Adaptation can be ordered, for example, a local architect. There may be cases when it is necessary to obtain additional documents, permits or opinions, for example, if the construction of our home may affect management water resources In this area or we will use water in a special way, you will need to get water permission.
When buying a piece of wood, you probably need permission to cut down trees. Such permission is issued by the mayor, mayor or president of the city regarding the location of the property at the request of the relevant person. If our site is located in the area registered in the register of historical monuments, you will need permission to hold construction work. Such permission is issued by the voivodship - the keeper of monuments suitable for the placement of the site.
Roof Device
The construction of a private house is completed by mounting the roof. After laying walls from aerated concrete on the enclosing structures, it is necessary to put the rafters and knock down the doom. Many make this work with their own hands, others are asked for help from experts. In fact, the construction of the roof is a rather responsible process, much more complicated than the installation of walls from aerated concrete. Private building is like a much longer, if you make a roof correctly.
Additional permissions should be considered before applying for building permission or application application. All permits issued by government administrations are an administrative solution for which the authority has 30 days. Sometimes the authorities ask the applicant to fill out an application that limits the duration of the application, so it is not necessary to wait until the last moment.
Application for the construction of a separate house or building permission for a separate house
This procedure seems more quickly and deprived of unnecessary formalities. The choice belongs to the appropriate person. In some cases, however, it is faster to obtain a construction permit, since the administrative authority may apply to the reporting body, and the procedure will be extended. First of all, let's focus on the construction of the house in the light of the new rules, that is, on the basis of a notice of intention to begin construction into the relevant authorities.
Next will be described the technology of the device of the rafting roof. First you need to attach Mauerlat on metal pins, protruding from the reinforcing layer. To obtain this structural element, a wooden bar is used with a cross section of 15 * 15 centimeters. According to experts, Mauerlat is considered a kind of foundation for rafter system private building. It should be paid to the fact that metal fasteners should rise by three centimeters above the surface of the bar.
Having all the necessary documents, we must go to the older and report on the intention to start building the house. Type, scope and method of performing work and start date should be listed in the application. The application must include. Four copies of the construction project, together with opinions, agreements, permits and other documents required by special rules and evidence that a person carrying out a construction project is a member of the competent chamber of self-government, which is operating on the day of project preparation, a statement on the right to use property for construction; , Decision on the development and development of land, if necessary in accordance with the rules of planning and land use. Applications are accepted before the start of construction work.
To prevent rotting of wood, Maurylalat is treated with a special impregnation or covered with rubberoid, nuts for fixing design on studs should be galvanized.
The next element of the roof is the rafting legs are wooden boards or bars with a cross section of 15 * 5 centimeters. Stropile legs are attached to overlapping and Mauerlata with the help of spacers, screeds and pods. It is difficult to equip the roof of a private building with your own hands, because some operations need to be carried out together or threesome. In the future, the rafter occurs in the farm, and one end of the product should be fixed on the skate, the second rely on Mauerlat.
Starting from the date of submission of the application established by law 21 days during which the administration may object to. This is the case when the authorities believe that. The application concerns the construction or performance of work, which is entrusted to obtain a permit for the construction, construction or execution of work covered by the notice, violates the local spatial development plan or other rules, the notice concerns the construction of a temporary building in the place where the building is located. Threat to the safety of people or property, deterioration ambient or preservation of monuments, deterioration of health and sanitary conditions, introduction, fixation or an increase in restrictions or interference for neighboring regions. He may also cause objection, imposing an obligation to receive a decision on building permission.
After installing all farms, the lamb is mounted, the insulation is stacked and roofing material. From the inside of the roof, it is necessary to lay a layer of finishing, and especially if the attic room is used as an attic.
Summing up communications
Before the construction of a private water supply system, you need to visit the relevant services for the project. When the document is ready, dig a trench to the central water supply system, laid plastic pipes And set the counter. If the sewage system of the settlement does not reach your object, you will need to dig two cesspools. In one of them, heavy waste will accumulate, and the second should be used to absorb sewage waters. The size of the sewage pit is taken on the volume of wastewater.
The construction of the power supply system should be provided for by the project of the building, so it is possible to make the wiring after mounting the walls and roofs, in front of plastering. After the wiring is laid the system, you will need to check. This process is controlled by a representative of the relevant instance.
To bring gas to the built building, you need to contact the appropriate service, which has a license to develop such projects. After receiving necessary document You need to crash into the system of local gas availability, as well as buy and install a meter, a gas boiler. All these elements need to be sealed with metal tubes.
Important! The insertion into the pipe of the central gas supply is carried out last after checking the system by the inspector.
The installation of the heating system is completed, which consists of a system of pipes and radiators, a heating boiler. The number and area of \u200b\u200bheating batteries are chosen based on the square of the rooms in which they will be installed. When installing the heating system, you only need to use high-quality, proven items, which will protect your "fortress" from course and other troubles.
- Construction works
- Modern houses
- Sample construction plan
Today, the construction of well-maintained houses has become the norm. Not just one-story houses are erected, but two- or three-storey cottages with all the amenities in the house.
The most important thing is to solve the entire process correctly, think about the business plan for the construction of a private house, and then it is also gradually to begin construction.
Preparatory stage of construction
Business plan begins with preparatory work. A plot of construction is selected, which can be purchased from a private person or to rent from the municipal authorities. The land cadastre authority determines the conditions for renting the Earth, draws out an act on the choice of land plot, the project of its borders, and then concludes a land lease agreement or transfers this site. If there are still applicants for a land plot, trading are held, auction.
Geodesic work is carried out on measuring lengths, block slopes, geological analysis of the soil of the future site of the construction of the house. This must be done, otherwise, in the constructed house there may be cracks, if there is an underground stream or some other anomalies. The maintenance of the soil determines the type of foundation of the future construction.
The future owner determines how his house should be: how many rooms, what is the area, the height of the ceilings, windows, what amenities, etc. The project is then drawn up, a plan for the construction of the house, drawings, estimates. Of course, it is possible to take a typical project, based on it to fulfill a business plan, but it will be necessary to bind to the area, so it will be necessary to redo a lot.
It is desirable to work on this project to entrust the experienced architect who will professionally perform his work. Then there should be no problems in the construction itself and there will be no unintended large unforeseen expenses.
Design and construction of private houses by law is in no way regulated if the house per family and its construction is not higher than 3 floors. Therefore, any person who is at least a little familiar with the basics of design can make a business plan of his future home. This may be enough to obtain permission to build a private house.
Alone to build a house, passing all the stages of construction, will be cheaper by 30-40% than to buy it in the finished form. However, it will have to learn a lot. Without a project, having just a plan, you can build a home, but it will be small, rather, summer country option, without a set of urban communications.
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Construction works
The business plan includes the calculation of the necessary communications. Water supply, sewage communications are carried out, pipes, cables are paved.
After that, the foundation is set. The most reliable foundation in construction is monolithic plate. Its installation is possible for any soil, but the cost of this foundation is very high.
Ribbon foundation Suitable for the construction of wooden, brick, frame houses On any soils, except for swampy terrain. Ribbon foundation is durable, reliable. The cost of this foundation is cheaper than plates, but more expensive piles.
The most demanded pile Fundam We are necessary when building frame houses and houses from a bar.
The business plan implies after the foundation work began the construction of the building itself, it can be the installation of structures, a grazing assembly, or a brickwork. This stage is the most important, at the same time the shortest way. Now S. modern technologies You can collect a house for 3-7 days, all this can remind the assembly of a conventor. Laying brick, of course, will take more time.
Modern construction of private houses is varied. it frame houses, Brick buildings, timber, foam concrete, aerated concrete.
As a business plan shows, finishing works (internal and external) built private houses always occupy about 50% of time and financial investments.
Outdoor work is insulation of walls, decorative plaster, clapboard, siding, or other finishing materials.
Internal work begins with the wiring of communications, tie, and then plaster walls, installation of devices, equipment, finishing finish.
The construction of construction is made to the construction of the construction, the territory is landscaped, the entrance gate is installed, the fence, if there was no such.
Of course, all these stages of the business plan are conditional and necessary for each house to make a separate plan for preparatory work, construction, given all factors in each particular case.
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Modern houses
The business plan can be calculated in the construction of a house from various modern materials at will, by opportunities.
The houses from the sandwich panels are quickly erected, and they have more than a hundred years. Buildings from this material are withstanding the temperature differences from -50 to +50, hurricane winds, snow loads, earthquakes up to 8 points. Sandwich panels are universal building materialwhich can replace brick, wood, concrete.
Walls from sandwich panels are more efficiently maintained than the dwellings of the brick. They are stable, durable. If desired, these buildings can be insulated, to establish sound and vaporizolation, protection against external influences.
Buildings from the bar are easily erected, but they are colder than buildings from logs. Therefore, they should be sewed outside with cladding, siding, laying the insulation between the coating and the wall.
Technologies for frame construction allow you to build a quick building with a steady foundation. These houses with high thermal conductivity, and they are available at the price.
The metal frame design is collected from the finished elements, in connection with this, the construction process of these structures is much faster. Such a construction will be completely short for the construction itself, and finishing work can be completely delayed for a long time, but the right business plan and follow by it can lead to a rapid construction of a homely focus and quick entry into his own home.
Frame houses can afford to build people with average sufficiency, this is a good quality ratio and price. Also this investment in a considerable business in the future.
Houses from foam blocks are durable, well retain heat, refractory, moisture-proof, soundproofed. Such houses quickly erected, 1 foam concrete is able to replace the wall masonry in 15 bricks. To build a private house, in addition to foam concrete, aerated concrete can be used. This material is durable, non-combustible, is not subject to corrosion, rotting, energy efficient.
