Do's and Don'ts in Ramadan: Rules and Prayers

Islam is one of the youngest religions on earth, while at the same time it is one of the strictest in terms of observing the canons. It contains the so-called. pillars of religion, i.e. Shari'a prescriptions required to be fulfilled in order to be considered a true adherent of faith in Allah.

One of the pillars is the strict observance of a whole series of ceremonies, rituals and abstinence from the beginning to the end of the month of Ramadan.

Islamic calendar and Ramadan in it

In Islamic lunar calendar Ramadan - what month of the year? Every Muslim knows that he is the ninth. Its name comes from the Arabic "scorch the earth", "scorching", since it was in this month solar Activity reaches its maximum and literally burns and dries vegetation on hot ground. If we compare the Islamic and Christian calendars, then the month of Ramadan usually begins somewhere at the end of our May and ends at the end of June, in total it lasts 29-30 days. It is believed that it was on these days that the great prophet Muhammad was given his mission "with frank words" - so he was born holy quran... The month of Ramadan in 2017 began on May 27 and ended on June 25.

How does Ramadan observance begin?

The most important ritual at the beginning of the month of Ramadan is the intention to observe this sacred period (Arabic "niyat"). It sounds something like this: "I intend from today to fast in Ramadan in the name of Allah."

Fasting in the month of Ramadan

The most important action in Ramadan is fasting (Arabic "saum"). Those. abstaining from the main temptations: eating, smoking, drinking and intimate relationships in the daytime before sunset. By his abstinence, a Muslim shows to Allah his devotion, loyalty and willingness to make personal sacrifices for the sake of faith.

What are the conditions necessary to observe Ramadan

The sacred ritual can not be observed by every person and not even every Muslim. In order for a person to be allowed to observe Ramadan, the following conditions must be met:

• Of course, the observer must be a Muslim. And not only by faith, he must go through the procedure of accepting Islam in the mosque.
• The observer must be an adult under Sharia law. Children are not allowed to fast because they need adequate nutrition.
• The observer should not have mental and severe physical illness, because with mental illness the observer does not know what he is doing, and with physical ailments good food and plenty of drink are often required.
• Pregnant and lactating women are exempt from fasting, as they have an urgent need for regular nutrition.
• Wanderers and travelers who are on the road or more than 90 km from home may not fast if this entails serious consequences for them.
• Women during the period of monthly or postpartum bleeding may also not fast because of the large blood loss and the need to replenish it.

However, the liberated should remember that it is highly undesirable to do in public. forbidden actions (drink, smoke) so as not to add unnecessary temptations to them. Chewing gum, playing loud music, and frivolous dancing in public places is also unacceptable during the fast.

When to eat and drink during fasting

Can you eat and drink during the month of Ramadan? After sunset, a Muslim observing fasting (Arabic "uraza"), performs the sacred night prayer (Arabic "isha"), then he can read voluntary and desirable prayer with his comrades (Arabic "taraweeh"). It includes 8-20 rak'ahs. Then you can start breaking the fast - an evening meal (Arabic "iftar"). It is prescribed to take food at night not only with a close circle of relatives, but also with friends and acquaintances. Sometimes beggars from the street are involved in breaking the fast as a sign of help to the poor. Food for breaking the fast, too, should not be rich and abundant. Sharia is prescribed to eat milk, dates, water during the night fasting. Foods that are too heavy, spicy or fatty are undesirable during this period, as they can further cause thirst or stomach complications.

You should try to finish your morning meal (Arabic "suhoor") while breaking the fast at least half an hour before dawn. And then again to keep the day fast.

What not to do in Ramadan:

• not to utter intentions: this negates all observance of Ramadan;
• eat food on purpose;
• drink deliberately;
• smoking and inhaling smoke on purpose;
• enter into intimacy, indulge in masturbation, make caresses leading to ejaculation, even if it was not direct sexual intercourse;
• indulge in idle entertainment (frivolous dancing, listening to loud music, except for prayer speeches);
• use of medications that require rectal or vaginal administration;
• induce spontaneous vomiting;
• swallow the separated phlegm that has entered the pharynx.

What is allowed to do in Ramadan:

• non-special intake of food and water (for example, if a person chokes in the sea);
• medication injections;
• donating blood (donor, tests), bleeding;
• bathing, if you do not swallow a drop of water;
• kisses without penetration into the oral cavity (as they say in our country "not passionate");
• bodily affection that does not lead to ejaculation;
• swallowing your own saliva without phlegm and vomiting;
• brush your teeth with care so that the paste is not swallowed (in general, some Muslims believe that brushing your teeth after noon is unnecessary, because "the smell from the mouth of a Muslim observing fasting has a special shade and is a kind of incense for Allah");
• vomiting, if it occurs involuntarily;
• it is allowed not to perform namaz.

Rituals in Ramadan other than fasting

Holy Ramadan is not only fasting, but also numerous prayers to Allah.

The most important prayer - namaz - is performed five times a day.

In addition to prayers, evening prayers, morning prayers and praise to Allah are desirable before each meal.

The most common during this period are: Iftar, Suhur, Iftiah dua, Mujir dua, Makaremu Ahlyak dua, Baha dua, Abu Hamzy Sumali dua, Jaushan Kabir dua.

In the last 10 days of fasting, it is advisable for a Muslim to commit seclusion, since once the Prophet Muhammad retired for the last 20 days of his life. It is better to do solitude in a Muslim mosque, before saying one more special intention - for solitude.

Of course, it is desirable to read the Quran during the entire period of the holy month.

How Ramadan ends

After the ritual seclusion follows the so-called. The night of predestination (Arabic "al-Qadra"). This night comes after the end of the 27th day of Ramadan - it was then, according to the legend of the Prophet Muhammad, that the first surah of the Koran (610) was revealed. Then the archangel Jabrail, descending from heaven, gave the prophet a scroll with the command to read it. On this night, it is customary to ask Allah for forgiveness for committed sins and read the Koran a lot.

On the last day of the holy month of Ramadan, the fasting person should pay alms: obligatory (Arabic “zakat”) and voluntary (Arabic “saadaka”). A solemn prayer is recited, and those who are fasting prepare for the holiday in honor of Ramadan - Uraza Bayram (Arabic: Eid al-Fitr).

The first day of the new month, on which this sacred holiday is held, begins with the sacred prayer of Eid Namaz, which marks the end of Ramadan.

By this time, the houses should already be clean (Muslims must knowingly take care of cleaning). On the holiday itself, believers should wash and put on clean, beautiful clothes. The day of the celebration is considered a day off.

A lot of festive food is prepared for Uraz Bayram (it is mainly women who prepare it): fried lamb, rich soup with beans, meat and vegetables, salads with meat, pancakes, pies, pilaf, numerous sweets, dates, fruits.

Believers visit each other's homes, give gifts, and give sweets to children. All congratulate each other with the phrase "Eid Mubarak!" Children play active outdoor games. Adults can dance and sing. On the same day, it is customary to go to the cemetery to visit relatives in order to honor their memory and offer a prayer to Allah for them.

Main tasks in Ramadan

Ramadan is not only the cleansing of the flesh (in any religion it is known that fasting itself is beneficial for cleansing the body), but also the cleansing of the soul. The soul is cleansed through the flesh. Through good deeds (helping the poor, for example), the soul is healed of filth. Through the rejection of pleasures (dancing, singing, playing, watching entertainment, etc.) humility and abstinence are trained. The ability to endure, refuse, make sacrifices, be restrained, merciful, magnanimous allows believers to win the true mercy of Allah during Ramadan.

If Ramadan is performed with evil thoughts or for show or for selfish purposes, Allah rejects such a sacrifice and does not bestow His mercy on the liar.

Penalties and Fines for Failure to Perform Ramadan

It is believed that any true Muslim is obliged to perform Ramadan, unless he is exempt from this ritual. However, there are violators everywhere, and if such is caught, then he must be punished.

The one who violates the precepts must suffer atonement (Arabic "kaaffara"). This may be additional charity for the poor or additional fasting.

In the event of an unintentional violation of the precepts, the believer must compensate for the days of the broken fast after the end of Ramadan or help a certain number of those in need with money or food.

Intention (niyat) pronounced after suhoor (morning meal)

"I intend to fast the month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk sincerely for the sake of Allah."

Transliteration: Naaitu al-asuuma sauma shahri ramadaan minyal-fajri ilal-magribi haalisan lillayahi ta'aala

Dua after breaking the fast (iftar)

ذهب الظمأ وابتلت العروق وثبت الاجر إن شاء الله

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, after breaking the fast, said: "The thirst is gone, and the veins are filled with moisture, and the reward is already awaiting, if Allah wills" (Abu Dawood 2357, al-Bayhakyi 4/239).

Transliteration: Zahaba zzama-u uabtallatil-‘uruk, wa sabatal-ajru insha-Allah

Dua after breaking the fast (iftar)

“O Allah, for Your sake I fasted, I believed in You, I relied on You, I broke my fast with Your food. O Forgiving One, forgive me the sins that I have committed or will commit. "

Transliteration: Allahumma lyakya sumtu, va bikya aamantu, wa ‘alaykya tavakkaltu, wa’ ala rizkykya aftartu, phagfirlii ya gaffaaru maa kaddamtu wa maa ahartu

Dua after breaking the fast (iftar)

اَللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنتُ ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَ ابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَ ثَبَتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَلَى يَا وَاسِعَ الْفَضْلِ اغْفِرْ لِي اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذِي أَعَانَنِي فَصُمْتُ وَ رَزَقَنِي فَأَفْطَرْتُ

Transfer: O Most High, I fasted for You [so that You may be pleased with me]. I ended the post with what You have endowed me with. I trusted in You and believed in You. The thirst is gone, the veins are filled with moisture, and the reward is established, if you wish. O Owner of unlimited mercy, forgive my sins. Praise the Lord, who helped me to fast and endowed me with what I made breaking the fast

Transliteration: Allaahumma lyakya sumtu wa ‘alaiya rizkykya aftartu wa’ alaykya tavakkyaltu wa bikya aamant. Zehebe zzomeu vabtellatil-‘uruuku wa sebetal-ajru in sheeallaahu tauralahu. Ya vaasial-fadligfir lii. Alhamdu lillyahill-lazii e'ananii fa sumtu wa razakaniy fa aftart

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Ramadan month prayer before meals

Health Tips for Fasting

in the month of Ramadan

This article contains useful tipswhich will help avoid some of the health problems that usually occur among fasting people during the holy month of Ramadan. By following these tips, you can reduce the feeling of physical discomfort and focus fully on the spiritual essence of Ramadan. During the holy month of Ramadan, your food should not be very different from the usual and be as simple as possible. The diet should be such that our normal weight does not change. If you are overweight, then the month of Ramadan is the best time to normalize weight. Because fasting takes a long time, we recommend eating slowly digesting, coarse foods, which take about 8 hours to digest. Coarse foods include bran foods, whole wheat grains, cereals, vegetables, green legumes, peas, peppers, corn, zucchini, spinach, and other greens (beet leaves are rich in iron), peeled fruits, dried fruits, dried apricots, figs , prunes, almonds, etc. (i.e. everything that contains complex carbohydrates). The body quickly burns foods containing sugar, premium flour, etc. (refined carbohydrates). Meals should be well balanced and should include foods from each group, such as vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry, fish, bread, grains and dairy products. Fried foods are harmful to health and should be limited to consumption. Such foods cause indigestion, heartburn, and affect weight. Do not eat: fatty and fried foods; Foods with excess sugar Avoid: overeating during suhoor; drink too much during suhoor (this removes the mineral salts needed to maintain tone throughout the day) Eat during suhoor: complex carbohydrates so that food is absorbed longer and you do not feel hungry during days; dates are an excellent source of sugar, fiber, carbohydrates, potassium and magnesium; almonds - a source of proteins and fibrous matter with a low fat content; Bananas are a source of potassium, magnesium and carbohydrates. Drink: As much water and juices as possible between Iftar and sleep to maintain normal fluid levels.

Taraweeh prayer is a desirable prayer performed during the month of Ramadan after the night prayer. It begins on the 1st night of the month of Ramadan and ends on the last night of fasting. It is advisable to perform taraweeh namaz by jamaat in a mosque, if there is no such possibility, then at home, together with family and neighbors. As a last resort, alone. Usually 8 rak'ahs are performed - 4 prayers of two rak'ahs each, but it is better to perform 20 rak'ahs, i.e. 10 prayers. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) at first performed 20 rak'ahs, then, in order to facilitate his community (ummah), he limited himself to 8 rak'ahs. At the end of the taraweeh namaz, 3 rak'ahs of the vitr namaz are performed.

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING TARAVIKH-NAMAZ

Taraweeh consists of four or ten two-raka'at prayers and prayers recited between these prayers (before and after them). These prayers are listed below.

PRAYERS READ BETWEEN NAMAZ IN TARAVIKH

Subhana llahi-l-malikil quddus, subuhun quddus rabbul malikati var-pyx. Subhana man ta "azzaza bil-kudrati wal-bak'a' va k'ahharal" ibada bil-mauti wal-fana. Subhana Rabbika Rabbil “Izzati” Amma Yasifun Wa Salyamun ”Alal-Mursalina Wal-Hamdu Lillahi Rabbil“ Alamin ”.

Ali bin Abu Talib narrates: Once I asked the Prophet about the merit of the Taraweeh prayer. The Prophet replied:

“Whoever fulfills the Taraweeh prayer on the 1st night, Allah will forgive him for his sins.

If he does it on the 2nd night, then ALLAH will forgive the sins of him and his parents, if they are Muslims.

If on the 3rd night - the angel will call under Arsh: "Truly Allah, Holy and Great He has forgiven your previously committed sins."

If on the 4th night, he will receive a reward equal to the reward of a person who read Tavrat, Inzhil, Zabur, Qur'an.

If on the 5th night, Allah will reward him with a reward equal to the performance of prayer in Masjidul Haram in Mecca, in Masjidul Nabawi in Medina and in Masjidul Aksa in Jerusalem.

If on the 6th night, Allah will reward him with a reward equal to the performance of Tawaf in Baytul Mamur. (Above the Kaaba in heaven there is an invisible house from noor, where angels constantly perform tawaf). And every pebble of Baytul Mamur and even clay will ask Allah for the forgiveness of this person's sins.

If on the 7th night, he reaches the rank of Prophet Musa and his supporters, who opposed Fir'avn and Gaman.

If on the 8th night - the Almighty will reward him with the degree of the Prophet Ibrahim.

If on the 9th night, he will be equal to a person who worships Allah, like slaves close to Him.

If on the 10th night - Allah gives him barakat in food.

Whoever will pray on the 11th night will leave this world, like a child leaves the womb.

If he does it on the 12th night, this person will come on the Day of Judgment with a face shining like the sun.

If on the 13th night - this person will be safe from all troubles.

If on the 14th night, the angels will testify that this person has completed the Taraweeh prayers and Allah will reward him on the Day of Judgment.

If on the 15th night - this person will be praised by angels, including carriers of Arsh and Course.

If on the 16th night, Allah will free this person from Hell and give him Paradise.

If on the 17th night, Allah will give him a greater degree in front of Him.

If on the 18th night, Allah will call out: “O Servant of Allah! I am pleased with you and your parents. "

If on the 19th night, Allah will raise his degree to Paradise Firdavs.

If on the 20th night, Allah will reward him with the reward of martyrs and the righteous.

If on the 21st night, Allah will erect a house for him in Paradise from Nur (radiance).

If on the 22nd night - this person will be safe from sadness and anxiety.

If on the 2nd night - Allah will build him a city in Paradise.

If on the 24th night - 24 prayers of this person will be accepted.

If on the 25th night - Allah will free him from the grave pangs.

If on the 26th night - Allah will raise its degree 40 times.

If on the 27th night - this person will pass through the Sirat bridge with lightning speed.

If on the 28th night - Allah will raise him 1000 degrees in Paradise.

If on the 29th night, Allah will reward him with the degree of 1000 hajjs taken.

If on the 30th night - Allah will say: “Oh, My slave! Taste the fruits of Paradise, drink from the paradise river Kavsar. I am your Creator, you are My slave ”.

Allah Almighty made it a duty of Muslims to observe fasting in the second year of Hijra. To fulfill this duty, we, every day for the whole month the night before, until dawn the next day, we take the intention (for the next day) in the name of Allah from dawn to full sunset not to eat, drink and not give vent to our passions, so as not to break the fast.

(You need to start fasting from dawn. Many people unknowingly fast from sunrise - this is wrong, be careful!)

Intention first. Intending to fulfill the will of the Most High, we hope for the blessings of Allah. It is this intention that fundamentally distinguishes fasting from diet. Fasting is one of the main forms of worship. One of the most powerful ways. If, when performing namaz, we use small segments of the day, then for fasting we use the entire daylight hours entirely. A companion of the Prophet of Allah Abu Umam three times in a row turned to Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, with the words: "Messenger of Allah, give me something serious on the path of Allah." To which the envoy replied three times in a row: "You need to fast. Because in the form of worship there is no equal to fasting." Abu Umama was so imbued with these words of the prophet that after that, smoke from the hearth never appeared over his house in daylight. Only guests will come.

Fasting Muslims receive many useful things. Most importantly, fasting is the cause of the forgiveness of sins. Allah Almighty obliged us to fast to make it easier to overcome our passions. With satiety, the possibility of spiritual growth decreases. When the stomach is empty, some kind of glow comes from the whole organism. The heart is cleansed of "rust", spiritual dirt disappears. With spiritual cleansing, a person is more deeply aware of his mistakes and it is easier for him to be in a state of pleading for the forgiveness of his sins. Prophet Muhammad (meib) said: "Past sins will be forgiven to those who intend to fast, believing with sincere feeling in the obligation of fasting and hoping for the goodness of the Almighty." Hadith is quoted by Muslim and Bukhari.

Just as the Zakyaat we give to poor Muslims cleanses us, so fasting cleanses from our sins. We can say that fasting is the zakat of our body. The hadith cited by Muslim says: "Sins committed between two prayers are forgiven with another prayer; sins that are not forgiven with an ordinary prayer are forgiven with the next Friday prayer; more serious sins, not forgiven this time, are forgiven during fasting in month of Ramadan ". However, major sins must be avoided.

People are, in a way, like angels. For example, they both have intelligence. For this reason, people, like angels, are obliged to worship Allah. On the other hand, people have a lot in common with the animal world. Just like creatures have sex, eat, drink and have other natural needs. And if people think only about food, they only fill their stomachs, then spirituality disappears, a person, moving away from the likeness of angels, approaches the likeness of animals.

Fasting is also the reason for Allah's acceptance of our dua (prayers). As you know, angels do not eat or drink. The fasting person, limiting himself in the intake of food and water, approaches the spirit of the angels and receives spiritual strength. In this state, his prayers are accepted faster, because passion is subdued, the soul is freer and more sincere from this prayer. Words spoken in this way

Tahajjud namaz - namaz, which is performed after Isha namaz and before dawn. Night tahajjud namaz, which takes place during the month of Ramadan, is called Taraweeh. This prayer is performed after the Isha prayer, but before the Vitr prayer. The difference between Taraweeh namaz and Tahajut is in the number of rak'ahs and the time it is performed. They begin to perform Taraweeh prayer on the first night of the month of Ramadan, and end on the last night of fasting. It is preferable to perform this namaz by jamaat in a mosque if there is no possibility of visiting a mosque. Usually in mosques during Taraweeh prayers, one Juz of the Quran is read in order to fully read the Quran in the month of Ramadan. This is very important because not everyone has the opportunity to read the Quran on their own this month.

How many rak'ahs of Taraweeh prayer should be read?

You can read 8 rak'ahs - this opinion refers to the Shafi'i madhhab, and you can also read 20 rak'ahs - this is the opinion of the scholars of the Hanafi madhhab. Many scholars rely on the opinions of the Companions, who agreed on ijma, that is, a general agreement on the definition of 20 rak'ahs for Taraweeh prayers. Hafiz Ibn Abdulbarr said: “The Companions had no disputes on this issue” (Al-Istizkar, vol. 5, p. 157). Allama Ibn Qudama reported: "In the era of Saiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), the Companions made ijma on this issue" (Al-Mughni). Hafiz Abu Zur "ah Al-Iraqi said:" They (alims) recognized the consent of the companions [when Saiduna Umar] ijmoy "(Tarkh at-Tasrib, part 3, p. 97). Mullah Ali Qari ruled that the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) had ijma on the issue of the performance of twenty rak'ahs (Mirkat al-Mafatih, vol. 3, p. 194).

At the same time, supporters of 8 rak'ahs rely on the words of Aisha. When she asked: “How did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed on the night of Ramadan?” ‘Aisha replied: "Neither during Ramadan, nor in other months the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not pray at night more than eleven rak'ats." al-Bukhari 1147, Muslim 738. That is, 8 rak'ahs Taraweeh namaz and 3 rak'ahs Vitr namaz.

The rules for performing the Taraweeh prayer.

As mentioned above, the Taraweeh prayer consists of 8 or 20 rak'ahs. Namaz is performed 2 rak'ahs 4 times or 10 times, that is, 2 rak'ats are read, like 2 rak'ats of Fajr namaz and so it is repeated 4 times or 10 times. The result is 8 and, accordingly, 20 rak'ahs. You can also read 4 rak'ahs 5 times. There is a short break between every 2 or 4 rakats. In mosques, it is used for small sermons. And if a person performs namaz at home, then one can do dhikr or read the Koran at that time.

How to read 2 rak'ahs.

1) Accept with your heart the intention that you are praying 20 rak'ahs of taraweeh, which is sunnah, 2 rak'ahs each.

2) Begin namaz by saying "Alahu Akbar!" And close your hands.

3) Say: "Subhanaka", "Auzu ...", "Bismillah ....

5) At the end of the reading of the surah or part of the Koran, bow in your hand and say three times: "Subhana Rabbial Azim".

6) Lift up out of your hand and stand up straight. Rising, say: "Sami" allahu liman hamidah "- and when you are already standing upright, say:" Rabbana wa lyakal hamd ".

8) From sajdah, move to a sitting position.

9) Again bow down to sajdah and say three times: "Subhana Rabbial A" alaa ".

10) Rise out of sajd and stand on the second rak'ah. Say "Alahu Akbar!", Surah "Al Fatiha" and 1 more surah or part of the Koran.

11) When you finish reading the Quran, bow in your hand. Then follow the same sequence of actions as indicated for the first rak'ah - up to the second sajdah.

12) After the second sajdah, sit down and say “ Attahiyatu ...», « Allahuma salli ala ... "and the dua, which you read before the end of the prayer.

13) Finish the prayer by saying: "Assalamu alaykum wa rahmatullah" - and turn your face to the right. Next, do the same, turning your face to the left.

Reward for Taraweeh Prayer

The hadith says: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) encouraged people to perform additional night prayers during Ramadan, but did not oblige them in a categorical form, but said:“ Those who stood the nights of the month of Ramadan in prayers with faith and hope for the reward of Allah will be forgiven his previous sins. " (al-Bukhari 37, Muslim 759). Imam al-Baji said : “There is a great motivation in this hadith to perform night prayers in Ramadan, and it is necessary to strive for this, since this act contains atonement for past sins. Know that in order for sins to be forgiven, it is necessary to perform these prayers with faith in the truth of the promise of the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and striving to earn the reward of Allah, staying away from show and everything that violates deeds! " (“Al-Muntak'a” 251).

Another hadith tells : “Once a man came to the prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said:“ O Messenger of Allah! You know that I testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that you are the messenger of Allah, and that I pray, pay zakat, observe fasting and stand the nights of Ramadan in prayers ?! " The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever dies on this will be in Paradise among the truthful and martyrs!" (al-Bazzar, Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn Hibban. Hadith authentic. See “Sahih at-targib” 1/419).
Hafiz Ibn Rajab said: “Know that in the month of Ramadan, two types of jihad against the soul gather in the believer! Jihad with daytime for the sake of fasting, and jihad with night for the performance of night prayers. And the one who has combined these two types of jihad will deserve a reward without counting! ” ("Lataiful-ma'arif" 171).

The Almighty said: “Those who, having committed a vile deed or unjustly acting against themselves, remembered Allah and asked for forgiveness for their sins (after all, who forgives sins but Allah?), And those who deliberately do not persist in the fact that they have done, the reward will be forgiveness from their Lord and the Gardens of Eden, in which rivers flow, and in which they will abide forever. How wonderful is the reward of the workers! " (3: 135-136).

The hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) says: "The first 10 days of the month of Ramadan are the days of mercy, the second 10 days are the days of forgiveness, the last 10 days are the days of deliverance (from the torment and punishment of Hell)." This means that today began the second decade of Ramadan and the days of gaining the forgiveness of Allah. Each of us has our mistakes and sins, no one is perfect and not sinless. Each of us seeks to forgive our Creator. Only Allah Almighty forgives, only his forgiveness is true. The believer who makes sincere repentance, hates his sin and renounced it¸ can hope for the unlimited and all-embracing mercy of Allah. These days, the possibility of gaining forgiveness increases many times, and Allah does not let go of those who call out to him with this request with empty hands. The best duas for asking forgiveness are:

1. Allahumma innaka ‘afuun, tuhibbul-‘afua f‘ fu ‘anni.

O Allah, truly, you are forgiving, you love forgiveness, forgive me.

2. Allahumma anti rabbi, La illaha illa anta, khalaktani wa ana abduka, wa ana ala ahdika wa wadika mastatatu, auzu bika min sharri ma sanatu abuulyaka dini matika alaya wa abu bizambi wagfirli vainnahu la yagfiru assuntaub.

Oh my God, you are my Lord there is no god but You. You created me and I am your slave and I will keep my covenant and promise (faith and sincere obedience) to You, Your bounty is on me and I will confess to You my sin. So forgive me, because no one forgives sins but You.

3. Rabbana innana amanna, phagfir lana, zunobana vakinna azaban-nar.

Our Lord! Indeed, we believed. Forgive us our sins and protect us from torment in the Fire.

4. Allahumma-gfir li zanbi kulla-hu - dikka-hu wa jilla-hu, wa avvala-hu wa ahyra-hu, wa alaniyata-hu wa sirra-hu.

O Allah, forgive me all my sins - small and large, first and last, obvious and secret.

5. Allahumma inni as aluka, ya Allah, bi annaka uahidul-Ahadu-Ssamadu-Llyazi lam yalid, wa lam yulad, ua lam yakun, lyahu kufu uan ahad, antagfira li zunubi, innaka antal-Ghafuru-Rrahim.

O Allah, truly, I ask You, O Allah, because You are the Only, One, Eternal, Who did not give birth and was not born, and no one was equal to Him, forgive me my sins, truly, You are Forgiving, Merciful!

The start time of iftar (corresponds to the time of the evening prayer maghreb), as well as the end of suhoor in 2018 for large cities of the Russian Federation can be found in the table, which is available for download .

Talking - the evening meal during fasting - is perhaps the most anticipated time of day for Muslims. This is an opportunity not only to get together with family and friends at the same table, but also a whole holiday that is arranged almost every day during the entire Holy month of Ramadan. It is iftars as events that unite the entire ummah, which make it possible to feel the festive atmosphere, that make Ramadan a special month.

When the post falls on summer days, the fasting time increases. Accordingly, the value of the evening meal also increases. At such moments, it seems that the time before iftar is very long, and after it - too fast. Therefore, the evening meal becomes long-awaited, because of which, at times, the reverse side of the situation appears. During Iftar, some fasting people may overeat, literally pouncing on food. It is hard to resist, and allowing yourself to eat everything that you see on the table is fraught with negative health consequences.

How not to overeat on Iftar?

According to the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.v.), it is advisable to start breaking the fast by drinking a glass of water (water with honey can be used) and eating an odd number of dates. The latter can be replaced with another sweetness or simply limited to water. According to a reliable hadith, the Messenger of Allah (s.g.v.) would break the fast with fresh or dried dates, and if they were not there, with plain water. He said that water purifies.

"Allahumma lyakya sumtu wa bikya amantu wa alaykya tavakkaltu wa‘ ala rizkyykya aftartu fagfirli ya gaffaru ma kaddyamtu wa ma akhartu "

Transfer:“O Allah! For your sake, I kept fasting, I believed in you and I only trust in you, I break the fast with what you sent me. Forgive me, O Forgiving my sins, past and future! "

You should not start eating right away. This will be stressful for the stomach, so it is recommended that you first go to the evening prayer, slowly commit it, and only then start your meal. In 5-7 minutes, the body will have time to prepare for eating, so after eating there will be no heaviness in the stomach.

Where to start breaking the fast?

Sitting down at the table, eyes run up from the presence of varied and delicious food. Even if not much is cooked, the desire to “eat the whole cow” remains. Proper nutrition during iftar, it will help to eat properly on suhoor. After all, the stomach must have time to digest everything eaten in a few hours and make room for a new meal. Only then will the suhoor be complete and correct. Accordingly, for Iftar, you need to choose products that are quickly processed by the body and saturate it with moisture. Vegetables and fruits are ideal for this.

Do not start iftar with a glass of fermented milk drinks. It will be hard on the stomach. In Islam, there are no prohibitions on eating while breaking the fast, except canonically. However, the religion of the Creator adheres to the principle “do no harm to yourself”, therefore, you can eat anything that will not negatively affect your health. So, you should exclude fried, fatty and, if possible, spicy foods. Some smoked meats and canned foods contribute to the leaching of salts and minerals, and they also increase thirst.

Ideal for Iftar dietary products: low-fat chicken broth soup, stews, stews.

You should limit the intake of flour products, carbonated drinks. It is recommended to drink water some time after meals, otherwise it will dilute the gastric juice and complicate the digestion of food.

It is best to drink water in portions when performing taraweeh prayer. Each time between rests in prayer, you can drink half a glass or a glass of clean water. This will help to gradually absorb fluids and normalize the water balance in the body before the onset of suhoor, relieve thirst for the coming day.

Of course, a person after a long fast wants to taste different foods. But it is worth remembering that these dishes can be eaten even after the month of Ramadan, and now the main thing is not food, but the atmosphere itself, the process itself. It is necessary to realize that on the days of fasting it is important to be able to control oneself not only during daylight hours (refusing to eat and drink, watching one's speech, thoughts and actions), but also after breaking the fast, i.e. self-control continues at night. The ability not to overeat, in other words, not to take in excess of what the body needs, is a good habit for the future, and Ramadan is a great way to practice.

Proper nutrition allows you to both ease the urge and get moral and physical benefit from it, and most importantly, the satisfaction of the Almighty.

Audio version of this article:

Eating should be stopped before dawn begins, before the first obvious signs of dawn approaching:

“... Eat, drink, until you distinguish the white thread from the black thread [until the dividing line between the coming day and the leaving night appears on the horizon] at dawn. And then fast until night [before sunset, refraining from eating, drinking and intimate relations with your spouse] ... ”().

If there is no mosque in a particular city and a person cannot find a local fasting schedule, then, for greater confidence, it is better to complete the suhur no later than an hour and a half before sunrise. Sunrise times can be found on any tear-off calendar.

The importance of the morning meal is evidenced, for example, by the following words of the Prophet Muhammad (may God bless and greet him): “Eat before dawn [on the days of fasting]! Truly, in suhoor - God's grace (barakat)! " ... Also, a reliable hadith says: “There are three practices, the use of which will give a person strength to fast (he will eventually have enough strength and energy to fast): (1) eat and then drink [that is, do not drink much while eating, do not dilute the gastric juice, but drink after the feeling of thirst appears, 40-60 minutes after eating], (2) eat [not only in the evening, breaking fast, but] in the early morning [before the adhan on morning prayer], (3) get a nap during the day (take a nap) [approximately 20–40 minutes or more between 13.00 and 16.00] ”.

If a person intending to fast does not eat until dawn, then this does not affect the validity of his fast, but he will lose some part of the savab (reward), because he will not perform one of the actions included in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad.

Iftar (evening meal) it is advisable to start immediately after sunset. It is undesirable to postpone it until a later time.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “My ummah will be abundant until it starts to postpone breaking the fast and does suhoor from the night [and not in the morning, especially getting up before the time of morning prayer] ".

It is advisable to start the conversation with water and an odd amount of fresh or dried dates. If there are no dates, then Iftar can start with something sweet or drink some water. According to a reliable hadith, the Prophet Muhammad, before the evening prayer, began his fasting with fresh or dried dates, and if they were not there, then with plain water.

Dua No. 1

Transcription:

“Allaahumma lyakya sumtu va‘ alaiya rizkykya aftartu wa ’alaykya tavakkyaltu wa bikya aamant. Ya vaasi'al-fadli-gfir liy. Al-hamdu lil-layahill-lyazi e'man'aanani fa sumtu wa razakani fa aftart.

اَللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ. يَا وَاسِعَ الْفَضْلِ اغْفِرْ لِي. اَلْحَمْدُ ِللهِ الَّذِي أَعَانَنِي فَصُمْتُ وَ رَزَقَنِي فَأَفْطَرْتُ

Transfer:

“O Lord, I fasted for You (for the sake of Your pleasure with me) and, using Your benefits, I broke my fast. I hope in You and believe in You. Forgive me, O One, Whose mercy is unlimited. Praise be to the Almighty, who helped me to fast and fed me when I broke my fast ”;

Dua number 2

Transcription:

“Allaahumma lyakya sumtu wa bikya aamantu wa aleikya tavakkyaltu wa‘ ala rizkykya aftartu. Fagfirli yay ghaffaru ma kaddamtu wa ma akhhartu ".

اَللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ. فَاغْفِرْ لِي يَا غَفَّارُ مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَ مَا أَخَّرْتُ

Transfer:

“O Lord, I fasted for You (for the sake of Your pleasure with me), believed in You, relied on You and made the break of the fast, using Your gifts. Forgive me past and subsequent sins, O All-Forgiving! "

During the break of the fast, the believer is desirable to turn to God with any prayer or request, and he can ask the Creator in any language. An authentic hadith speaks of three prayers, durania (supplications), which the Lord certainly accepts. One of them is prayer during breaking the fast, when a person completes the day of fasting.

Please tell me what is the right way to start eating in the holy month of Ramadan? Indira.

Water, dates, fruits.

The imam of the mosque in which I perform collective prayer said that food should be stopped after the call to morning prayer, and the rest of the food that is in the mouth at the time of the call should be spat out and rinsed out. In the place where I live, calls are heard simultaneously from several mosques, at intervals of 1 to 5 minutes. How important is it to stop eating from the moment I heard the first call? And if such omissions were made, is it necessary to fill the fast? Haji.

There is no need to fill the post. The calculation in any case is approximate, but the verse on this matter says:

“… Eat, drink, until you distinguish the white thread from the black [until the dividing line between the coming day and the leaving night appears on the horizon] at dawn. And then fast until night [before sunset, refraining from eating, drinking and intimate relations with your spouse] ”(see).

On fasting days, stop eating at the beginning of the adhan from any local mosque, including those where it is 1–5 minutes later.

During the fast, my friend ate in the evening and did not get up for suhoor. Is his post correct from the point of view of the canons? After all, as far as I know, you need to wake up before the sun rises, speak your intention and eat. Vildan.

Morning food intake is advisable. Intention is, first of all, intention by the heart, mental attitude, and it can be realized in the evening.

Until what time can I eat in the morning? There are Fajr and Shuruk in the schedule. What to focus on? Arina.

You should stop eating about an hour and a half before dawn. You are guided by the Fajr time, that is, by the beginning of the morning prayer time.

During Ramadan, it so happened that I either did not hear the alarm clock, or it didn’t work, overslept suhoor. But when I woke up to work, I said my intention. Tell me, does the fast observed in this way count? Arslan.

In the evening you were going to get up in the morning and fast, which means you had a heartfelt intention. This is enough. Verbal intention is only an addition to the intention of the heart, in thoughts.

Why does fasting begin earlier than the morning adhan? If after imsak and before adhan you took food, is fasting valid? If not, why not? Lobster.

The post is valid, and the margin of time (prescribed in some schedules) is for safety reasons, but there is no canonical need for it.

Why is the time "imsak" written on all sites, and it is always different, although everyone refers to the hadith that even during the adhan on morning prayer Did the Prophet allow chewing? Gulnara.

Imsak is a desirable border, in individual cases very desirable. It is better to stop fasting an hour and twenty minutes or an hour and a half before sunrise, as indicated on conventional tear-off calendars. The border that cannot be crossed is the adhan for morning prayer, the time of which is indicated in any local prayer schedule.

I am 16 years old. This is the first time I have kept the uraz and I still don’t know much, although every day I find something new for myself about Islam. This morning I slept longer than usual, woke up at 7 am, did not utter my intention, I was tormented by remorse. And I also had a dream that I was fasting and took food ahead of time. Maybe these are some signs? For the whole day I can’t come to my senses, my soul is somehow heavy. Have I broken my fast?

The fast was not broken, because you intended to fast that day, and you knew about it from the evening. It is only desirable to utter an intention. And it is hard on the soul or easily depends to a large extent on yourself: what is important is not what happens, but how we relate to it. A believer treats everything positively, with enthusiasm, energizes others, optimism, and never loses hope for God's mercy and forgiveness.

I had an argument with a friend. He accepts suhoor after the morning prayer and says that it is permissible. I asked him to provide proof, but I did not hear anything intelligible from him. Explain, if it does not bother you, is it okay to eat after the time of morning prayer? And if so, until when? Muhammad.

There is no such opinion and has never been in Muslim theology. If a person intends to fast, then the deadline for eating is the adhan for the morning Fajr prayer.

I am keeping a sacred fast. When the time of the fourth prayer comes, I first drink water, eat, and then go to pray ... I am very ashamed that at first I do not pray, but hunger takes over. Am I committing a great sin? Louise.

There is no sin if the prayer time is not up. And it comes out with the onset of the time of the fifth prayer.

Is fasting valid if I ate within 10 minutes of the adhan for the morning prayer prayer? Magomed.

We'll have to make up for it one day of fasting after the month of Ramadan.

We read the prayer before they start breaking their fast, although your website says that it is read after iftar. How to be? Farangis.

If you mean namaz prayer, then the first thing you should do is drink water, then pray and after that sit down to eat. If you are talking about a dup'a prayer, then it can be read at any time and in any language.

Read more about the absence of the canonical need to stop eating in advance (imsak) before the adhan for morning prayer, which is practiced in places today,

Hadith from Anas, Abu Huraira and others; St. x. Ahmad, al-Bukhari, Muslim, al-Nasai, at-Tirmizi, and others. See: As-Suyuty J. Al-Jami'as-sagir. P. 197, hadith no. 3291, sahih; al-Qardawi Yu. Al-muntaka min kitab "at-targyb wat-tarhib" lil-munziri. T. 1.P. 312, hadith no. 557; al-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 8 volumes.Vol. 2.P. 631.

The point is that, in accordance with the Sunnah, a person, for example, during the evening breaks fast, first drinks water and can eat several dates. Then he performs the evening prayer-namaz and after that he eats. The first drink of water after a day of fasting flushes the gastrointestinal tract. By the way, it is very useful to drink warm water with honey diluted in it on an empty stomach. In the hadith it is recommended that food (consumed after the evening prayer) should not be especially diluted with water. The simultaneous abundant drinking and consumption of food leads to difficulty in digestion (the concentration of gastric juice decreases), indigestion, and sometimes to heartburn. During the fasting period, this entails the inconvenience associated with the fact that the evening meal does not have time to digest, and after that the person either does not eat in the early morning, because he does not feel hungry, or he eats, but it turns out “food for food”, which is to a greater extent makes it difficult to digest food and does not bring the expected benefits.

Hadith from Anas; St. x. al-Barraza. See, for example: As-Suyuty J. Al-Jami ‘as-sagyr. P. 206, hadith no. 3429, "hasan".

Hadith from Abu Zarr; St. x. Ahmad. See, for example: As-Suyuty J. Al-Jami ‘as-sagyr. P. 579, hadith no. 9771, sahih.

Hadith from Anas; St. x. Abu Daud, at-Tirmizi. See, for example: As-Suyuty J. Al-Jami ‘as-sagyr. S. 437, hadith no. 7120, "hasan"; al-Qardawi Yu. Al-muntaka min kitab "at-targyb wat-tarhib" lil-munziri. T. 1.P. 314, hadith No. 565, 566; al-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 8 volumes.Vol. 2.P. 632.

See, for example: Az-Zuhaili V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 8 volumes.Vol. 2.P. 632.

I will give full text hadith: “There are three categories of people whose prayer will not be rejected by God: (1) the fasting person when he breaks the fast, (2) the just imam (primate in prayer, spiritual mentor; leader, statesman) and (3) oppressed [undeservedly offended, humiliated]". Hadith from Abu Huraira; St. x. Ahmad, at-Timizi and Ibn Majah. See, for example: Al-Qardawi Y. Al-muntaka min kitab "at-targyb wat-tarhib" lil-munziri: In 2 volumes. Cairo: at-Tawzi 'van-nashr al-Islamiyya, 2001. Vol. 1. P. 296, hadith no. 513; al-Suyuty J. Al-Jami ‘al-sagyr [Small collection]. Beirut: al-Qutub al-‘ilmiyya, 1990. p. 213, hadith no. 3520, “hasan”.

Another reliable hadith says: "Indeed, the prayer of the fasting person [addressed to God] during breaking the fast will not be rejected." Hadith from Ibn 'Amr; St. x. Ibn Majah, al-Hakim, etc. See, for example: Al-Qardawi Yu. Al-muntaka min kitab "at-targyb wat-tarhib" lil-munziri. T. 1.P. 296, hadith no. 512; al-Suyuty J. Al-Jami ‘al-sagyr. P. 144, hadith no. 2385, sahih.

There is also a hadith that “the prayer of a fasting person is not rejected during all day fasting ". St. x. al-Barraza. See, for example: Al-Qardawi Y. Al-muntaka min kitab "at-targyb wat-tarhib" lil-munziri. T. 1.P. 296.

See, for example: Al-Qardawi Y. Fatawa mu''asyr. In 2 volumes.Vol. 1.P. 312, 313.

See, for example: Al-Qardawi Y. Fatawa mu''asyr. In 2 volumes.Vol. 1.P. 312, 313.