Kids in kindergarten are all different, not alike. Some are sociable and affectionate, others are silent, others are fighters and bully. It is through play that children begin to understand how they should interact with others, what is good and bad, what actions lead to what consequences. will be very useful to them in big life, which means that a card index of role-playing games in preparatory group should be familiar to every caregiver. It is thanks to these activities that children learn to live by common interests, to prove their point of view and to seek compromises, to show goodwill.

What tasks are facing the teacher

Working with children is an ongoing creative process. There is no rigid framework here, as each personality is unique. But in the arsenal of the educator there should be a card index of role-playing games in the preparatory group, so that the process of learning and development can be structured. So, the educator must:

We will talk in more detail about creating a gaming environment, since without this, the card index of role-playing games in the preparatory group is useless. A little later, we will analyze in detail the most important games that need to be introduced into the program as a learning element.

Game material

You will need a large set of "operating items". These are toys that imitate real household items. These are tools, instruments, means of human activity that help to recreate the meaning of real action. These are toy dishes, household appliances, irons and hammers, various tools.

The second large group is toy characters. With this moment, everything is clear, these are dolls, figures of people and animals. They can depict a person as a representative of the profession, for this, elements of clothing are used: a doctor's gown, a teacher's pointer, a firefighter's helmet, a postman's bag.

Marker toys are another important group that creates magical space. They allow you to create exactly the place in which the action will take place. This can be a paper wall or a kitchen wall, a rocket model, a tent house and much more. At the same time, it is undesirable to use complete plot-forming sets (the model of the "Lego" castle), since this is a rigid scheme that does not leave the child room for imagination. As you can see, the preparatory group's RPG file also requires appropriate equipment to make the games a reality.

Theme "School"

All the children will soon be leaving kindergarten, go to school and begin their journey into a big life. At the same time, many have brothers and sisters who are already studying and talk a lot about their school days. Of course, this topic is very interesting and attractive, which means that it has appropriate plot and role-playing games in the preparatory group. The card file presents to your attention the main activities that you can supplement and change as you wish. The goals of these classes are to expand children's knowledge about school, foster a desire to learn, instill respect for the work of teachers, and form the ability to communicate in a team.

In order to realize the set goals, excursions to the real school are undertaken. The children are shown the future class, they are introduced to the teacher of the first class. With the help of toys, you can organize a real activity with a doll in the shape of a first grader, a bouquet of flowers, a teacher and a blackboard. The game "Collecting a school bag" is very important. This allows the child to get acquainted with educational supplies, teach them to respect them. To consolidate, use the learning of poetry ("To school", "Counting") and songs ("Learn at school"). The teacher reads to the children the works "First September", "First Day" and "Girlfriends Go to School." These are the role-playing games in the preparatory group. The card file can be regularly updated with new ones and supplemented as the teacher's experience grows.

Railway theme

The first trips are usually done by train, as it is most easily carried by kids. Role-playing games in the preparatory group will help to acquaint children with the amazing railway. The card file (with goals) helps to deepen the knowledge of the children about the work of railway workers, as well as about other cities of the Motherland, offers a set of games. First of all, it is recommended to conduct an excursion to the station, to show the work of the switchman, the train, the arrangement of the railway.

Upon returning to the group, it is very good to play the board railroad... To do this, you will need to distribute the roles of passengers and a guide, distribute bags, caps, tickets, route maps, and come up with a direction of travel. On our return, we thank the guide. At the end, the children themselves can prepare signal flags for the switchmen.

Space theme

Most children by this age are already actively interested in what is happening there, in the distant sky. Today there are a huge number of ways to show the kid, One of the most interesting is visiting the planetarium. If you don't have one in your city, it doesn't matter. There are stretch dome home projectors. Such an excursion can be invited directly to the group. After that, role-playing games should be conducted in the preparatory group. A card file (with goals) helps to enrich the child's knowledge and consolidate it. She offers the following activities. Explore photo illustrations on the theme of space, tell the children about the first astronauts and the history of aeronautics. Invite them to draw a space. To make the lesson more interesting, you can offer each kid to make an application on the theme "Rocket". The role-playing game involves the disclosure of any plot, a flight to the moon, a meeting with aliens, returning back or the arrival of guests from space. Before the flight, it is imperative to undergo a special training, as well as an examination by a doctor. Such role-playing games in the preparatory group are going with a bang.

Steamer theme

From aeronautics, we are moving on to travel across the seas and oceans. Children are very fond of steamers, and completely regardless of whether they had to sail on them. Thematic role-playing games in the preparatory group contribute to the expansion of children's knowledge about water transport workers. Children will learn what steamers are, what they transport. As a preliminary work, you can watch a film about port workers. To consolidate the topic, conduct a creative lesson, during which each kid will become a real sailor, make binoculars, a horn, colored flags and

Everything is ready, you can go on a trip around the world. You still have so much to do, you need to finish building or repairing the ship, collect food and water, prepare binoculars, a travel map and a compass. Roles are assigned - captain, boatswain, sailor, passenger. It is imperative to give a name to your ship and think over the route.

Now the captain climbs onto the bridge and gives the command to raise the anchor. A friendly team obey his orders, and the ship is sent to uncharted seas. Then everything depends on the teacher's imagination. We sail to Africa and buy bananas there, feed the monkeys and communicate with the locals. Then he goes to the North, polar bears and penguins walk here. And you can still wrap up in Australia and look at the tailed kangaroos. In this case, the plot can be changed, for example, to play a walk along the river or a fishing boat. Cognitive role-playing games in the preparatory group of a kindergarten are very useful, they broaden the horizons and give new knowledge.

Outdoor games

Particularly important are role-playing games in the preparatory group for a walk. The card file offers a huge number of activities, many of which are aimed at getting to know the world around you. If before going to bed you read a fairy tale about three pigs, then why don't you now bring it to life. To do this, you only need to prepare materials for the construction of hut houses, and brick house can be folded from large Lego blocks.

Tell the children about how an anthill or hive works. Now they themselves can become ants or bees for a while, collect nectar and build the most beautiful anthill in the world. It will be informative to play in a flowerbed, where one gardener will grow flowers, but only those of them will grow that have received watering and feeding. Role-playing games in the preparatory group are great for a summer walk. Photos taken during the game will decorate the group for a long time. Do not forget about relay games, for example, you can hide a carrot on the playground and invite the bunnies to collect it, and the wolves to try to catch the rabbits.

Zoo theme

All children, without exception, love animals and by this age they usually know all domestic inhabitants. Let's get to know those who live in the wild forest. This can be done through a cartoon, a puppet theater or a whole performance, during which each kid will go out in a costume of an animal, and the other will talk about him. Where do wild animals live? Well, of course, at the zoo. Therefore, the card file of role-playing games in the preparatory group of the kindergarten contains games dedicated to this island of the kingdom of nature. As preparatory work you can organize a trip to the zoo or limit yourself to the listed options for meeting animals. After that, be sure to have a conversation with the children about why there are zoos and whether animals are good there. To fix the theme, you can create your own zoo on the table. To do this, you can sculpt or draw any animal that you especially like.

Now let's go directly to the games. Builders have to build cages from cubes, zoo workers - to put animals in them. Now they have to feed and water the animals, clean up from them. The veterinarian examines and treats the animals. The cashier will sell tickets and the tour guide will lead the tour. Such classes necessarily contain a card index of role-playing games in the preparatory group for the Federal State Educational Standard.

Theme "Clinic"

She is familiar to every child. From a very young age, they were watched by a district pediatrician and the kids are used to coming to the hospital, where a doctor in a white coat is waiting for them. Therefore, classes with such a familiar topic are very easy. The purpose of these games is to expand knowledge about doctors, foster respect for this profession and a good attitude towards doctors. In the process of creativity, you can make hats with crosses. Further development of the game depends on the planned plot. A scheduled visit to a pediatrician begins with the registration desk and ends at the doctor's office. If you take the plot of a patient's admission to an outpatient clinic, then he is initially examined by a nurse Finally, an emergency, when the patient is called to the patient's house ambulance, which should take him to the hospital. The Pharmacy game is very important. It not only reveals the specifics, but also allows you to convey to children a responsible attitude towards medicines and herbs.

Subject "Traffic rules"

Future students will soon begin to attend classes alone, without their parents. This means that they need to know where to cross the road and how to behave on the street. For this, a card file of role-playing games in the preparatory group for traffic rules has been created. The goal is to systematize and enrich children's knowledge of the rules road traffic... For this, a cartoon is selected that tells about the basic rules. As a creative task, the children are invited to make a "traffic light" application. Next, it is worth distributing the roles: a pedestrian, three traffic signals, a police officer, several car drivers. An intersection, a road with a "zebra" and other options for crossing the carriageway can be made in the form of markings on paper. Such role-playing games in the preparatory group at the preschool educational institution contribute to the prevention of road accidents involving young children.

Mail theme

Is it interesting to receive a letter? Any kid will say yes. That is why the corresponding games include a card file of role-playing games in the preparatory group. Mail is so interesting, the postman knows how to deliver news, parcels and even letters to Santa Claus. Let's tell the group how the letter delivery service works, who brings them to the entrance. You can also remember the field, military postmen who brought important maps, correspondence and information. A creative task can be given to each child, for example, drawing a postcard or writing a letter to any friend in the group. It will need to be dropped into the mailbox, from where the delivery service will pick them up. Now letters arrive at the post office, from where the postman will carry them to the addressees. For each letter received, the kid thanks the postman.

Service Industry Topic

All the children have already been to hairdressers, went to cafes, shops, and amusement parks. Therefore, such classes do not cause difficulties, expand knowledge about service workers, teach the skills of the necessary politeness. Depending on the chosen scenario, you can assign roles and simulate a variety of situations. You can create and combined complexwhere mom can go to the hairdresser, dad can buy a newspaper, and a child can have a cocktail in a cafe. You can complicate the situation, the child may lose mom and dad in a huge supermarket. Who will he approach and what will he say? This skill can be helpful in real life too.

Games "in a cafe" can be very interesting and informative. Often, children only know one side when the waiter brings the order. What happens on the other side of the counter remains a mystery. During the game, you can show the work of cooks and bakers, waiters and pickers, cleaners and dishwashers. Do not forget to have a conversation about "How Mom Cooking". Often times, questions about what mom needs to help and say thanks are not discussed in the family.

Theme "Kindergarten"

Day after day, coming to the kindergarten, the kid does not realize how much work adults put in to make him comfortable and well. Conduct a conversation with the children, in which tell about the work of the head and canteen, educators and nannies, janitors, gardeners, laundresses, cleaners. All of them work every day to make the kids feel comfortable in the kindergarten. Try to create your own kindergarten, in which each child will be a teacher, exercise, build children for a walk, or resolve a quarrel between friends. This will help everyone to take a more responsible attitude towards toys and things in the kindergarten, to respect the work of the whole team.

Elena Efimcheva
Card file of role-playing games in the preparatory group

September

Polyclinic.

Purpose. Continue to educate children about the activities of medical personnel. Form the ability to develop creatively game plot... Foster respect for the medical profession.

Kindergarten.

Purpose. Strengthen the knowledge of children about the work of a nurse, doctor, laundress, cook, janitor, head and other kindergarten workers. Foster interest and respect for their work. To develop in children a sense of gratitude for the work of adults for them, the desire to provide them with all possible help. To develop the ability to apply the acquired knowledge and skills in a collective creative game.

game plot... Consolidate knowledge about the functioning of the store. To develop skills of cultural behavior in public places.

Travel by steamer.

Purpose. Teach children to realize and develop game plot... To form an idea about the types of water transport, about the importance of the work of adult port workers for cities and villages of the country.

Traffic rules.

Purpose. Teach children to realize and develop game plot... To consolidate knowledge of the names of cars, rules of conduct on the street and in public transport.

Warship.

game plot... To form in preschoolers specific ideas about the hero-warrior, the moral essence of his feat in the name of his Motherland. To expand the knowledge of children about the exploits of warriors-sailors. Educate children about the types of military ships: submarine, cruiser, destroyer, missile boat, tank landing ship. To instill in children a sense of patriotism, pride in their homeland, admiration for the heroism of people.

game plot... Expand and consolidate children's knowledge about different forms of postage connections: mail, telegraph, telephone, radio. To foster a sensitive and attentive attitude towards comrades and loved ones.

Dining room.

Purpose. Strengthen cultural skills, the ability to set the table. Expand knowledge of how food is prepared. Foster respect for the work of cooks.

Library.

Purpose. Teach children to implement and develop game plot... Create interest in working in the library. Continue to familiarize with the rules of using the book. To awaken in children interest and love for books, to educate a respectful attitude towards them.

Barbershop.

Purpose. Continue to introduce children to the activities of a hairdresser. Form the ability to develop creatively game plot... Foster respect for the profession of a hairdresser.

Purpose. Introduce and accustom preschoolers to school life. Continue to teach children to implement and develop game plot.

Purpose. Continue teaching children to develop game plot... Give children the idea that there are different departments in the store, cash desks, behind which cashiers work. Help children to assign roles and preparation of attributes... To develop the skills of cultural behavior in public places.

Plant construction.

Purpose. To form in preschoolers specific ideas about construction, about its stages. Consolidate knowledge and working professions. Foster respect for the work of builders.

Barbershop.

Purpose. To give the children the idea that a hairdresser's, a man's and a child's master work in the hairdresser Teach children to prioritize leading roles. Foster a friendly attitude between children while playing.

Astronauts.

Purpose. When building a rocket, clarify the knowledge of children of its parts - nose, hatches, compartments, portholes, control panel. To foster a responsible attitude to learning in preschoolers. Improve physical training... Learn to develop independently game plot.

Polyclinic.

Purpose. Continue to acquaint children with the otolaryngologist's office, with the work of an ophthalmologist and the duties of a nurse. To give children the notion that prescription glasses can be ordered and purchased from an optician. Foster respect for the medical profession.

Kindergarten.

Purpose. Teach children to independently distribute roles among themselves, combine several plots in one game... To cultivate responsiveness, benevolent relationships.

Fishing boat.

Purpose. To acquaint children with the labor of fishermen. Give basic knowledge of why they catch so many fish. Develop interest in the game. Form positive relationships between children.

Purpose. Clarification of children's knowledge of the rules of conduct on the carriageway. Teach children to realize and develop game plot.

Hospital.

Purpose. To give children basic knowledge that seriously ill people are being admitted to the hospital. The hospital employs doctors of various specialties, nurses, cooks, nannies. All of them take care of the patient's speedy recovery. Teach children to take care of their neighbors, be able to empathize and help in difficult times). "

Purpose. Continue to acquaint preschoolers with the work of a teacher, the daily routine of students. Teach children to develop game plot.

Purpose. Broaden the horizons of children, continue to acquaint with various departments in stores. Introduce the store that sells fabrics. To consolidate the actions of the seller, buyer, cashier. Consolidate knowledge about the functioning of the store.

Purpose. Continue to acquaint children with the work of a postman - delivers letters, newspapers, magazines, telegrams. Teach children to realize and develop game plot.

Purpose. Consolidate children's ideas about the theater. Develop interest in the game. Form positive relationships between children.

Border guards.

Purpose. To give basic knowledge about the service of the border troops - exercises and training of soldiers, dog training, border protection. Raising courage and endurance in children.

Purpose. To give children the knowledge that artists perform not only in the theater. They go on tour in different cities, perform on tour in front of the soldiers. Develop interest in the game.

Hospital.

Purpose. Acquaintance of children with the surgical department, the work of a surgeon - doing operations, the work of a nurse - taking blood for analysis, doing the procedures prescribed by the doctor. Form the ability to develop creatively game plot... Teach children to equitably assign roles in play.

Dining room.

Purpose. To give children knowledge about the work of cooks and waiters in the dining room, that visitors get acquainted with the menu, order dishes. Education of sensitivity, attention. Reinforce cultural table and public habits.

Purpose. Continue to consolidate the knowledge of traffic signals, the ability to cross the street in established places. Educate the rules of conduct on the street and in public transport.

Purpose. Form the ability to develop creatively game plot... Teach children to equitably assign roles in play. Encourage children to reproduce the everyday and socially useful work of adults in the game.

Purpose. Introduce the work of sellers and cashier in a shoe store. Help children in preparing attributes and place for the game. Foster a friendly relationship between children while playing.

Purpose. Continue to teach children to clearly play their role. The captain with the sailors leads the ship along the course, the doctor monitors the health of the crew, the cook prepares food. Teach children to realize and develop game plot... To form an idea of \u200b\u200bthe importance of the work of adult workers of the river port.

Library.

Purpose. To acquaint children with the work of the reading room, about the rules of behavior in it - you must not make noise, books for reading are issued according to forms, they are stored on shelves. Create interest in working in the library. To cultivate a respect for books.

Astronauts.

Purpose. Foster a responsible attitude towards the teachings, flight preparation... To develop knowledge about the work of astronauts - the study of stars, soil. Doctors are checking astronauts. Learn to develop independently game plot.

Polyclinic.

Purpose. To acquaint children with the work of a radiologist, to reveal the meaning of the activities of medical personnel. Form the ability to develop creatively game plot... To foster a sense of respect for the profession of a doctor, nurse.

Purpose. Help children in the distribution of roles, preparing the place for the game... To bring up in children sensitivity, the desire to show care and attention to others. Zoo.

Purpose. To consolidate and enrich knowledge about animals, about their appearance, habits. Form the ability to develop creatively game plot... Cultivate a kind attitude towards animals.

Purpose. Continue to acquaint children with school supplies, student responsibilities. Remind the children that the teacher teaches the children to read, write, draw, etc., the students do homework... Foster a sense of respect for the teacher's work.

Russian army.

Purpose. Form the ability to develop creatively game plot... To develop in preschoolers specific ideas about the hero-warrior, the moral essence of his feat in the name of his homeland. Enrich the knowledge of children about the feat of warriors-tankers and warriors-sailors. Expand children's understanding of the types of warships. To foster a sense of patriotism, pride in their homeland, admiration for the heroism of people.

Construction.

Purpose. To form in preschoolers specific knowledge and ideas about construction, about its stages. Consolidate knowledge about blue-collar occupations. Form the ability to develop creatively game plot... Foster respect for the work of builders.

Kindergarten.

Purpose. To consolidate the knowledge of children about the regime in kindergarten, about the duties of the staff of the preschool institution - the head, the caretaker, educators, assistant educators and others. Foster a sense of respect for adult work.

The older the children become, the higher the level of their general development is, the more valuable play (especially pedagogically guided) is for the development of independent forms of behavior: children have the opportunity to outline the plot themselves or organize games with rules (didactic, mobile), find partners, set a goal and choose the means to realize their plans. Amateur play requires the child to be able to establish relationships with friends. In these informal children's associations, different traits of a child's character, his habits, interests, ideas about the environment, various skills are manifested, for example, the ability to independently find a way out of problem situations that arise in play, guided by well-known norms and rules of behavior, or the ability to independently organize a real (and not imaginary) work activity for solving game problems. By organizing the play activities of children, the teacher, in turn, can implement the following tasks:

2. Teach to develop enrich the content of the game, distribute without conflicts game material and the roles between the participants, to resolve disputes, questions, misunderstandings.

3. To tactfully influence the relationship of children, teaching them to respect the interests and rights of each other.

4. Formulate cognitive interest and organizational skills.

5. To cultivate mental activity, moral feelings.

6. Teach self-organization skills, distribute roles among themselves.

7. Develop creative imagination, contribute to jointly deploy the game.

8. To cultivate the ability to fairly resolve disputes, tactfully refuse the role.

9. To consolidate the ability to independently set game tasks.

10. Promote the identification and development of diverse interests and abilities.

12. Reinforce positive feelings and habits.

13. Encourage children to use their knowledge of adult work widely and creatively.

14. Foster goodwill, willingness to help the victim.

15. Continue to teach children to fulfill different roles according to the plot.

16. Foster a sense of humor.

17. Cultivate friendly relationships, teach to play without interfering with each other.

18. Continue to work on uniting the playing children into subgroups, involving inactive children in the game.

19. Expand children's understanding of the professions of parents and apply in the game.

20. To develop in children the ability to jointly develop the game, to coordinate their own plans with those of their peers.

21. Maintain the desire to use surrogate items and fantastic events.

22. To cultivate a respect for toys.

23. To consolidate the variety and expressiveness of role-playing actions.

24. Learn to follow the established rules.

25. Teach game actions, the ability to negotiate a game.

26. Develop a desire to set a variety of game tasks and choose ways to solve them.

“By the age of five, children have developed such ways of building a plot game as conditional actions with toys, role-playing behavior. What is needed for the further development of children's play? " (4, p. 52).

“In order to really transfer children to a new, higher stage of the plot game, one must have a good idea of \u200b\u200bits further evolution. One of the lines of development of preschoolers' plot play is fantasizing play Joint fantasizing play develops imagination, creativity, enriches the emotional life of children, allowing them to more fully realize meaningful experiences. For such a game, it is necessary to be able to combine a variety of events, coordinating individual ideas in the general plot. Of course, preschoolers are not yet able to independently develop fantasizing play in a purely speech plan (without reliance on object-related actions, a role), but the possibility of transition to this new stage is already laid down in older preschool age ”(4, p. 52).

It is also important to remember that pre-planning and strict adherence to the plan are not typical of the story game. This reveals its specific features - optional, freedom of choice of actions. At the beginning of the game, children, as a rule, determine only its theme in general, and then the events in the plot gradually build up like a snowball. Mikhalenko N.Ya. and Korotkova N.A. argue that “in order for children to realize their creative potential and act in concert, despite all the whimsicality of individual ideas, it is necessary to master a new, more in a difficult way building the game - joint plot formation. It includes the child's ability to build new sequences of events covering a variety of thematic content, and at the same time be focused on peer partners: indicate for them (explain) what event he would like to unfold in the next moment of the game, listen to the opinion of partners (after all, they can suggest completely different events); the ability to combine the events proposed by him and other participants in the general plot during the game ”(4, p. 53). And you can form these complex skills with the help effective means: joint play of an adult with children, but in form is completely different from that at previous age stages. “Joint play with children should not begin with inventing completely new plots, but with partial changes -“ loosening ”already known ones; gradually an adult transfers children to more and more complex transformations of a familiar plot, and then to jointly inventing a new one ”(4, p. 54). Plots of fairy tales known to children are convenient for such a gradual "loosening". A fairy tale by its nature is akin to play: it immerses in an atmosphere of convention, fiction, extremely attracting children.

“In further such games, the adult encourages children to make more changes to the fairy tale that he is imagining than the known one. For this, it is advisable to propose the beginning of a fairy tale, combining in it at once fabulous and realistic elements ”(4, p. 58).

“As they master the skills to combine a variety of events together, the educator can stimulate children to combine creative plot construction with role-based interaction. To this end, the adult includes children in a game where the participants are offered roles belonging to different semantic spheres - roles of different contexts (for example: Pinocchio and educator, princess and policeman, cosmonaut and teacher, Aibolit and soldier, Baba Yaga and salesman, etc. .). In order not to "close" with substantive actions creative work by combining these roles in the general plot, the game can be carried out in the form of “telephone” conversations of the characters ”(4, p. 59).

“In the future, the educator continues to conduct a joint game of invention with the children, now offering to invent not fairy tales (the familiar fairy tale has already fulfilled its function of the initial support for joint activities), but“ real stories ”. When choosing, together with the children, the content for such stories (about whom, what it will be about), the teacher primarily relies on children's interests, but at the same time encourages the participants to use the knowledge that they receive in the classroom, excursions, from books and films "(4 , p. 60).

“The nature of the game-inventor with children in the course of pedagogical work changes in the following sequence: 1) joint“ recollection ”(retelling) of a famous fairy tale; 2) partial transformation of a well-known fairy tale; 3) making up a new tale with a combination of fabulous and realistic elements; 4) deployment of a new storyline with different contextual roles in the process of "telephone conversations"; 5) coming up with new stories based on realistic events. It is advisable to include children in the invention game at least 2-3 times at each of the stages (except for the first, which may be one-time). Of course, every time the child's wishes should be taken into account. If he does not want to get involved in the game, in no case should he insist on this - let him watch the players, this is also useful. The selection of partners is also important. The game will be more successful if the skill level of the participants is approximately the same ”(4, p. 61).

“How does the independent plot play of older preschoolers change under the influence of the systematic formation of new play skills in them? First of all, there is an attitude to invent a new one, interesting game... The plots unfolded by children become more varied and complex, acquire a multi-theme character. They intertwine, combine events and roles related to a variety of semantic spheres so that the game no longer fits into a simple definition of the type "Construction", "Mail", etc. The dynamic build-up of events during the game leads to the collapse of many actions with objects that are only indicated in speech; role reversal is often used when new characters are included in the plot. Moments of purely verbal interaction become more frequent, when children only speak out the next events (and not "act out" them), outline the further direction of the plot. The game unfolds in groups of up to 3-4 people, and the initiative of all participants increases; they are less dependent on the activity of one child leader. The ability to listen to partners, to combine their ideas with their own leads to a decrease in conflicts in the game ”(4, p. 64).

Thus, we can conclude that at each age stage, the pedagogical process in relation to play should be two-part, consisting of situations of the formation of play skills in the joint play of an adult with children, where the adult is a “playing partner,” and an independent child's play, in which an adult does not turn on directly, but only provides conditions for it.

Card file of role-playing games for preschoolers

Development play activities.
Main goals and objectives:
Creation of conditions for the development of children's play activities. Formation of playing skills, development of cultural forms of play. Comprehensive education and harmonious development of children in play (emotional, moral, mental, physical, artistic and aesthetic and social and communicative). Development of independence, initiative, creativity, self-regulation skills; the formation of a benevolent attitude towards peers, the ability to interact, negotiate, independently resolve conflict situations.

Role-playing game "Shop"

Purpose: teach children to classify objects according to common characteristics, foster a sense of mutual assistance, expand vocabulary children: introduce the concepts of "toys", "furniture", "food", "dishes".
Equipment:all toys depicting goods that can be bought in the store, located in the window, money.
Age: 3-7 years old.
Game progress: the teacher offers the children to place in a convenient place a huge supermarket with such departments as vegetable, grocery, dairy, bakery and others, where customers will go. Children independently distribute the roles of sellers, cashiers, sales workers in departments, sort goods into departments - food, fish, bakery products,
meat, milk, household chemicals, etc. They come to the supermarket for shopping with their friends, choose a product, consult with sellers, pay at the checkout. During the game, the teacher needs to pay attention to the relationship between sellers and buyers. The older the children are, the more departments and products there can be in the supermarket.

Role-playing game "Toys at the doctor's"

Purpose: teach children to take care of the sick and use medical instruments, educate children in attentiveness, sensitivity, expand vocabulary: introduce the concepts of "hospital", "sick", "treatment", "drugs", "temperature", "hospital".
Equipment:dolls, toy animals, medical instruments: thermometer, syringe, pills, spoon, phonendoscope, cotton wool, medicine jars, bandage, gown and cap for a doctor.
Age: 3-7 years old.
Game progress:the teacher offers to play, the Doctor and the Nurse are chosen, the rest of the children pick up toy animals and dolls, come to the clinic for an appointment. Patients with various diseases: the bear has a toothache because he ate a lot of sweets, the doll Masha pinched her finger on the door, etc. Clarifying the steps: The doctor examines the patient, prescribes treatment for him, and the Nurse follows his instructions. Some patients require inpatient treatment, they are admitted to the hospital. Elder children preschool age can choose several different specialists - therapist, ophthalmologist, surgeon and other doctors known to children. When they get to the appointment, the toys tell why they got to the doctor, the teacher discusses with the children whether this could have been avoided, and says that you need to take more care of your health. During the game, children observe how the doctor treats patients - makes bandages, measures the temperature. The teacher assesses how the children communicate with each other, reminds that the recovered toys do not forget to thank the doctor for the help provided.

Role-playing game "Pharmacy"

Purpose: to expand knowledge about the professions of pharmacy workers: a pharmacist makes medicines, a cashier-seller sells them, the head of a pharmacy orders the necessary herbs and other drugs for making medicines, to expand the vocabulary of children: “medicines”, “pharmacist”, “ordering”, “medicinal plants ".
Equipment: toy pharmacy equipment.
Age: 5-7 years old.
Game progress: a conversation is held about what professions people work in a pharmacy, what they do. We are getting acquainted with the new role - Pharmacy Manager. She receives medicinal herbs from the population and transfers them to pharmacists so that they can prepare medicines. The Manager helps the Pharmacy Workers and Visitors to understand difficult situations. Medicines are issued
strictly according to recipes. Roles are assigned by children independently, at will.

Role-playing game "Building a House"

Purpose: to introduce children to construction professions, to pay attention to the role of technology that facilitates the work of builders, to teach children to build a construction of a simple structure, to foster friendly relations in a team, to expand children's knowledge about the peculiarities of construction workers, to expand the vocabulary of children: introduce the concepts of "construction", "bricklayer "," Crane "," builder "," crane operator "," carpenter "," welder "," construction material».
Equipment: large building materials, cars, a crane, toys for playing around with a building, pictures depicting people of the construction profession: bricklayer, carpenter, crane operator, chauffeur, etc.
Age:3-7 years old.
Game progress: the teacher invites the children to guess the riddle: “What kind of turret is there, and the light is on in the window? We live in this tower, and it is called ...? (house)". The teacher suggests that the children build a large, spacious house where toys could settle. Children remember what kind of construction professions are, what people do at a construction site. They look at the pictures of the builders and talk about their responsibilities. Then the children agree to build a house. Roles are distributed between the children: some are Builders, they build a house; others are Drivers, they bring building materials to the construction site, one of the children is a Crane Operator. During construction, attention should be paid to the relationship between children. The house is ready, and new residents can move in there. Children play on their own.

Role-playing game "Zoo"

Purpose: expand children's knowledge about wild animals, their habits, lifestyle, nutrition, foster love, humane attitude towards animals, expand the vocabulary of children.
Equipment: toy wild animals familiar to children, cages (made of building material), tickets, money, box office.
Age: 4-5 years old.
Game progress: the teacher informs the children that a zoo has arrived in the city, and offers to go there. Children buy tickets at the box office and go to the zoo. There they look at the animals, talk about where they live, what they eat. During the game, the attention of children should be drawn to how to handle animals, how to care for them.

Role-playing game "Kindergarten"

Purpose: to expand the knowledge of children about the purpose of the kindergarten, about the professions of those people who work here - educator, nanny, cook, music worker, to educate children in the desire to imitate the actions of adults, to take care of their pupils.
Equipment: all toys needed to play kindergarten.
Age: 4-5 years old.

Game progress: the teacher invites children to play in kindergarten. If desired, we assign children to the roles of the Educator, Nanny, Music Director. Dolls and animals act as pupils. During the game, they monitor relationships with children, help them find a way out of difficult situations.

Role-playing game "Hairdresser"

Purpose:to introduce children to the profession of a hairdresser, to foster a culture of communication, to expand the vocabulary of children.
Equipment: hairdresser's robe, client's cape, hairdresser's tools - comb, scissors, bottles for cologne, varnish, hair dryer, etc.
Age: 4-5 years old.
Game progress: knock on the door. The doll Katya comes to visit the children. She meets all the children and notices a mirror in the group. The doll asks the children if they have a comb? Her pigtail has come undone and she would like to comb her hair. The doll is offered to go to the hairdresser. It is clarified that there are several rooms there: female, male, manicure, good masters work in them, and they will quickly put Katya's hair in order. We assign
Hairdressers, they take their jobs. Other children and dolls go to the salon. Katya remains very pleased, she likes her hairstyle. She thanks the children and promises to come to this particular hairdresser next time. During the game, children will learn about the duties of a hairdresser - haircut, shaving, hair styling, manicure.

Role-playing game "In the Library"

Purpose: broaden the horizons of children, teach children to use the library services correctly, apply knowledge literary works, previously obtained in the classroom, to consolidate knowledge about the profession of a librarian, to foster respect for the work of the librarian and respect for the book, to expand the vocabulary of children: "library", "profession", "librarian", "reading room".
Equipment: books familiar to children, a box with pictures, a file cabinet, pencils, sets of postcards.
Age: 5-6 years old.
Game progress: the teacher invites the children to play in the library. All together they remember who works in the library, what they do there. Children choose 2–3 Librarians themselves, each of them has several books. The rest of the children are assigned to
several groups. Each group is served by one Librarian. He shows many books, and in order to take a book he likes, the child must name it or briefly tell about what is written in it. You can tell a poem from a book that the child takes. During the game, they give advice to children who find it difficult to choose a book. The librarian needs to be more attentive to visitors, to show illustrations for books he likes. Some children wish to stay in the reading room to look at sets of pictures, postcards. They share their impressions. At the end of the game, the children tell how they played, what books the Librarian offered them, talk about what they liked the most.

Role-playing game "Cosmonauts"

Purpose:expand the topic story games, to acquaint with the work of astronauts in space, to foster courage, endurance, to expand the vocabulary of children: "outer space", "cosmodrome", "flight", "open space".
Equipment: spaceship and building material, seat belts, space tools, toy cameras.
Age: 5-6 years old.
Game progress: the teacher asks the children if they would like to go to space? What kind of person does it take to fly into space? (Strong, courageous, dexterous, clever.) He suggests going into space to leave a satellite there, which will transmit weather signals to Earth. You will also need to take photos of our planet from space. All together remember what else you need to take with you so that nothing could happen during the flight. Children play up the situation. They complete the task and return to Earth. The roles of Pilots, Navigator, Radio Operator, Captain are assigned at the request of the children.

Role-playing game "Family"

Purpose: to form an idea of \u200b\u200bcollective farm management, family budget, about family relationships, joint leisure, to bring up love, a benevolent, caring attitude to family members, interest in their activities.
Equipment: all toys necessary for playing with the family: dolls, furniture, dishes, things, etc.
Age: 5-6 years old.
Game progress: the educator invites children to "play with the family." Roles are assigned at will. The family is very large, Grandma has a birthday. Everyone is busy about arranging a holiday. Some family members buy groceries, others prepare a festive dinner, set the table, and still others prepare entertainment program... During the game, you need to observe the relationship between Family members, help them in time.

Role-playing game "In a cafe"

Purpose: to teach the culture of behavior in public places, to be able to fulfill the duties of a cook, a waiter.
Equipment: necessary equipment for a cafe, doll toys, money.
Age: 5-6 years old.
Game progress: Buratino comes to visit the children. He met all the children, made friends with other toys. Buratino decides to invite his new friends to a cafe to treat them to ice cream. Everyone goes to the cafe. There they are served by waiters. Children learn how to place an order correctly, thank you for the service.

Role-playing game "Around the World"

Purpose:expand the horizons of children, consolidate knowledge about parts of the world, different countries, foster a desire to travel, friendly relationships, expand the vocabulary of children: "captain", "travel around the world", "Asia", "India", "Europe", "Pacific Ocean".
Equipment: ship made of building material, steering wheel, binoculars, world map.
Age: 6-7 years old.
Game progress: the teacher invites the children to go on a trip around the world by ship. Optionally, children are chosen for the roles of Captain, Radio Operator, Sailor, Warrant Officer. We consolidate knowledge of what these people are doing on the ship - their rights and responsibilities. The ship sails across Africa, India, and other countries and continents. Sailors have to deftly control the ship so as not to collide with the iceberg, to cope with the storm. Only well-coordinated work and friendship help them cope with this test.

Role-playing game "On the city roads"

Purpose: to consolidate the knowledge of children about the rules of the road, to introduce them to a new role as a traffic controller, to bring up endurance, patience, and attention on the road.
Equipment: toy cars, flags for the traffic controller - red and green.
Age: 5-7 years old.
Game progress: children are offered to build a beautiful building - a theater. Choosing a place to build. But first you need to transport the building material to the right place. Drivers can easily cope with this. Children take cars and go for building materials. But here's the bad luck - the traffic lights don't work on the main roads. To avoid an accident on the road, it is necessary that the traffic of cars be controlled by a traffic controller. Choosing a Regulator. He becomes in a circle. He is holding red and green flags. The red flag is "stop", the green flag is "go." Everything will be all right now. The traffic controller controls the traffic.

Role-playing game "Traffic rules"

Purpose:continue to teach children to navigate by road signs, follow traffic rules. To educate the ability to be polite, attentive to each other, to be able to navigate in a traffic situation, to expand the vocabulary of children: "traffic police post", "traffic light", "traffic violation", "speeding", "fine".
Equipment: toy cars, road signs, traffic light; for a traffic police officer - a police cap, a stick, a radar; driver's licenses, technical certificates.
Age: 6-7 years old.
Game progress: children are asked to choose traffic police officers to keep order on the city's roads. The rest of the children are motorists. At will, children distribute among themselves the roles of petrol station workers. During the game, children try not to violate traffic rules.

Role-playing game "We are athletes"

Purpose: to give children knowledge about the need to go in for sports, to improve sports skills - walking, running, throwing, climbing. To develop physical qualities: quickness, dexterity, coordination of movements, eye, orientation in space.
Equipment: medals to winners, a billboard to showcase the number of points earned, sports equipment - balls, skipping ropes, skittles, rope, ladders, benches, etc.
Age: 6-7 years old.
Game progress: the teacher invites the children to hold a competition in different sports. At the request of children, judges and organizers of the competition are chosen. The rest of the children are athletes. Everyone independently chooses the kind of sport in which they will compete with their rivals. The judges will award points for the task. The game ends with the awarding of the winners.

Role-playing game "At the car service station"

Purpose: expand the theme of construction games, develop constructive skills, be creative, find a good place to play, introduce you to a new role - a car repair mechanic.
Equipment:building material for building a garage, locksmith tools for car repair, equipment for washing and painting cars.
Age: 6-7 years old.
Game progress: inform the children that there are a lot of cars on the roads of the city and these cars break down very often, so we need to open a car service station. Children are offered to build a large garage, equip a place for a car wash, choose employees, service personnel. They are introduced to a new working profession - a mechanic for the repair of machines (motor, steering, brakes, etc.).

Role-playing game "Border Guards"

Purpose: continue to acquaint children with military professions, clarify the daily routine of servicemen, what is their service, foster courage, dexterity, the ability to clearly follow orders of the commander, expand the vocabulary of children: "border", "post", "security", "violation", "Alarm", "border guard", "dog breeder".
Equipment:border, border post, machine gun, border dog, military caps.
Age: 6-7 years old.
Game progress: the teacher invites children to visit the state border of our Motherland. A conversation is held about who is guarding the border, for what purpose, how the border guard service is going on, what is the daily routine of a military man. Children on their own
distribute the roles of the Military Commander, Head of the Border Outpost, Border Guards, Dog Breeders. In the game, children apply the knowledge and skills acquired in previous lessons. It is necessary to draw the attention of children to support and friendly mutual assistance.

Role-playing game "School"

Purpose: to clarify the knowledge of children about what they do at school, what are the lessons, what the teacher teaches, to foster a desire to study at school, respect for work; vocabulary of children: "school supplies", "portfolio", "pencil case", "students", etc. .d.
Equipment:pens, notebooks, children's books, alphabet, numbers, board, chalk, pointer.
Age:6-7 years old.
Game progress: the teacher invites the children to play at school. There is a conversation about why the school is needed, who works there, what the students are doing. A Teacher is chosen at the request of the children. The rest of the children are Pupils. The teacher assigns tasks to the students, they independently and diligently complete it. Another teacher is in another lesson. Children are engaged in mathematics, native language, physical education, singing, etc.

Role-playing game "Space Adventure"

Purpose: teach to apply your knowledge and skills in practice, create a friendly atmosphere between children, develop their responsibility, interest, expand their vocabulary - "space", "planet", "Mars", "outer space", "zero gravity", "cosmodrome" ...
Equipment: spaceship, medical instruments for a doctor, posters of views of our planet from space.
Age: 6-7 years old.
Game progress: the guys are told that in a few minutes the spaceship will start. Those who wish can become space tourists. But in order to fly into space, you need to think about what qualities you need to have? (Be smart, brave, strong, kind, cheerful.) And you also need to be healthy. Anyone who decides to go into space must pass a medical commission. The doctor examines the tourists and issues a permit. Children choose the Pilot, the Doctor on the ship, the Navigator. Everyone is ready to fly. The dispatcher announces the start. Passengers fasten their seat belts. From a height, children look at (pictures) the view of the planet Earth, talk about why it is called the blue planet (most of it is covered with water). Children tell what they know oceans, seas, mountains. Spaceship makes a stop on the planet Mars. Tourists go out, inspect the planet, draw conclusions about the existence of life on this planet. The ship flies on. Next stop is Jupiter. Tourists again examine the planet, share their knowledge and impressions. The ship returns to Earth.

Role-playing game "We are military scouts"

Purpose: develop the theme of paramilitary games, teach children to perform tasks exactly, be attentive, careful, foster respect for military professions, a desire to serve in the army, expand the vocabulary of children - "intelligence", "scouts", "sentry", "security", " soldiers. "
Equipment:elements of military clothing for children, weapons.
Age:6-7 years old.
Game progress: the teacher suggests remembering films, stories about the life of military intelligence officers, invites children to play them. Children distribute among themselves the roles of Scouts, Sentinels, Commanders, Guard Soldiers, determine goals and objectives, and monitor their implementation.